To improve flood control efficiency and increase urban resilience to flooding,the impacts of forest type change on flood control in the upper reach of the Tingjiang River(URTR) were evaluated by a modified model based...To improve flood control efficiency and increase urban resilience to flooding,the impacts of forest type change on flood control in the upper reach of the Tingjiang River(URTR) were evaluated by a modified model based on the Soil Conservation Service curve number(SCS-CN) method. Parameters of the model were selected and determined according to the comprehensive analysis of model evaluation indexes. The first simulation of forest reconstruction scenario,namely a coniferous forest covering 59.35km^2 is replaced by a broad-leaved forest showed no significant impact on the flood reduction in the URTR. The second simulation was added with 61.75km^2 bamboo forest replaced by broad-leaved forest,the reduction of flood peak discharge and flood volume could be improved significantly. Specifically,flood peak discharge of 10-year return period event was reduced to 7-year event,and the reduction rate of small flood was 21%-28%. Moreover,the flood volume was reduced by 9%-14% and 18%-35% for moderate floods and small floods,respectively. The resultssuggest that the bamboo forest reconstruction is an effective control solution for small to moderate flood in the URTR,the effect of forest conversion on flood volume is increasingly reduced as the rainfall amount increases to more extreme magnitude. Using a hydrological model with scenarios analysis is an effective simulation approach in investigating the relationship between forest type change and flood control. This method would provide reliable support for flood control and disaster mitigation in mountainous cities.展开更多
查阅了维普《中文期刊数据库》(1989—2006年)和Web of Science(1985—2006年)中发表的土壤种子库研究文献,按《中国植被》划分的29个植被类型对土壤种子库密度、丰富度和研究方法等数据进行归类总结,共采集到14个植被类型的238个样地信...查阅了维普《中文期刊数据库》(1989—2006年)和Web of Science(1985—2006年)中发表的土壤种子库研究文献,按《中国植被》划分的29个植被类型对土壤种子库密度、丰富度和研究方法等数据进行归类总结,共采集到14个植被类型的238个样地信息.结果显示:研究者使用的研究方法及获得的种子库密度和丰富度数据差异巨大.所有研究中采样时间以4和10月最多;样方面积介于78～10000cm2之间,样方数量介于2～480之间;10cm×10cm和20cm×20cm是最常用的采样方式;总采样面积介于600～500000cm2之间,并以1000～10000cm2为最多.土壤种子库密度值变化范围在8粒.m-2(沙漠)～65355粒·m-2(热带雨林的次生林)之间,物种数变化范围在1(温带草原次生光碱斑)～74(热带季雨林)之间,同一植被类型下的变异也相当大.热带的季雨林和雨林的密度值和物种数显著高于温带的针叶林;而人工林的密度和物种数量大于农地,农地又大于裸地.草原、荒漠和草甸的物种数量相对较少.未来的土壤种子库研究需要从广度和深度上进行扩展,并重点加强重要生态系统的土壤种子库长期定位研究以及种子库对策研究,特别是应将这些研究与植被群落的演替、更新和恢复有机地联系起来.同时应加强对不同植被类型的种子库采样、检测方法的探索性研究.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.51278239)
文摘To improve flood control efficiency and increase urban resilience to flooding,the impacts of forest type change on flood control in the upper reach of the Tingjiang River(URTR) were evaluated by a modified model based on the Soil Conservation Service curve number(SCS-CN) method. Parameters of the model were selected and determined according to the comprehensive analysis of model evaluation indexes. The first simulation of forest reconstruction scenario,namely a coniferous forest covering 59.35km^2 is replaced by a broad-leaved forest showed no significant impact on the flood reduction in the URTR. The second simulation was added with 61.75km^2 bamboo forest replaced by broad-leaved forest,the reduction of flood peak discharge and flood volume could be improved significantly. Specifically,flood peak discharge of 10-year return period event was reduced to 7-year event,and the reduction rate of small flood was 21%-28%. Moreover,the flood volume was reduced by 9%-14% and 18%-35% for moderate floods and small floods,respectively. The resultssuggest that the bamboo forest reconstruction is an effective control solution for small to moderate flood in the URTR,the effect of forest conversion on flood volume is increasingly reduced as the rainfall amount increases to more extreme magnitude. Using a hydrological model with scenarios analysis is an effective simulation approach in investigating the relationship between forest type change and flood control. This method would provide reliable support for flood control and disaster mitigation in mountainous cities.
文摘查阅了维普《中文期刊数据库》(1989—2006年)和Web of Science(1985—2006年)中发表的土壤种子库研究文献,按《中国植被》划分的29个植被类型对土壤种子库密度、丰富度和研究方法等数据进行归类总结,共采集到14个植被类型的238个样地信息.结果显示:研究者使用的研究方法及获得的种子库密度和丰富度数据差异巨大.所有研究中采样时间以4和10月最多;样方面积介于78～10000cm2之间,样方数量介于2～480之间;10cm×10cm和20cm×20cm是最常用的采样方式;总采样面积介于600～500000cm2之间,并以1000～10000cm2为最多.土壤种子库密度值变化范围在8粒.m-2(沙漠)～65355粒·m-2(热带雨林的次生林)之间,物种数变化范围在1(温带草原次生光碱斑)～74(热带季雨林)之间,同一植被类型下的变异也相当大.热带的季雨林和雨林的密度值和物种数显著高于温带的针叶林;而人工林的密度和物种数量大于农地,农地又大于裸地.草原、荒漠和草甸的物种数量相对较少.未来的土壤种子库研究需要从广度和深度上进行扩展,并重点加强重要生态系统的土壤种子库长期定位研究以及种子库对策研究,特别是应将这些研究与植被群落的演替、更新和恢复有机地联系起来.同时应加强对不同植被类型的种子库采样、检测方法的探索性研究.
