In semi-arid regions, complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions has led to a massive soil loss and a comprehensive understanding of its mechanism is the first step toward prevention of the ...In semi-arid regions, complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions has led to a massive soil loss and a comprehensive understanding of its mechanism is the first step toward prevention of the erosion. However, the mutual influences between wind erosion and water erosion have not been fully understood. This research used a wind tunnel and two rainfall simulators and simulated two rounds of alternations between wind erosion and water erosion(i.e., 1^(st) wind erosion–1^(st) water erosion and 2^(nd) wind erosion–2^(nd) water erosion) on three slopes(5°, 10°, and 15°) with six wind speeds(0, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 20 m/s) and five rainfall intensities(0, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mm/h). The objective was to analyze the influences of wind erosion on succeeding water erosion. Results showed that the effects of wind erosion on water erosion were not the same in the two rounds of tests. In the 1^(st) round of tests, wind erosion first restrained and then intensified water erosion mostly because the blocking effect of wind-sculpted micro-topography on surface flow was weakened with the increase in slope. In the 2^(nd) round of tests, wind erosion intensified water erosion on beds with no rills at gentle slopes and low rainfall intensities or with large-size rills at steep slopes and high rainfall intensities. Wind erosion restrained water erosion on beds with small rills at moderate slopes and moderate rainfall intensities. The effects were mainly related to the fine grain layer, rills and slope of the original bed in the 2^(nd) round of tests. The findings can deepen our understanding of complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions and provide scientific references to regional soil and water conservation.展开更多
Located in the inland arid area of Central Asia and northwest China,Xinjiang has recently received heightened concerns over soil water erosion,which is highly related with the sustainable utilization of barren soil an...Located in the inland arid area of Central Asia and northwest China,Xinjiang has recently received heightened concerns over soil water erosion,which is highly related with the sustainable utilization of barren soil and limited water resources.Data from the national soil erosion survey of China(1985-2011)and Xinjiang statistical yearbook(2000-2010)was used to analyze the trend,intensity,and serious soil water erosion regions.Results showed that the water erosion area in Xinjiang was 87.6103 km^(2) in 2011,mainly distributed in the Ili river valley and the northern and southern Tian Mountain.Soil erosion gradient was generally slight and the average erosion modulus was 2184 t/(km^(2) a).During the last 26 years,the water erosion area in Xinjiang decreased by 23.2%,whereas the intensity was still increasing.The driving factors from large to small impact included:population boom and human activities4vegetation degradation4rainfall and climate change4topography and soil erodibility4tectonics movement.Soil water erosion resulted in eco-environmental and socioeconomic losses,such as destroying farmland and grassland,triggering floods,sedimentation of reservoirs,damaging transportation and irrigation facilities,and aggravating poverty.A landscape ecological design approach is suggested for integrated control of soil erosion.Currently,an average of 2.07×10^(3) km^(2) of formerly eroded area is conserved each year.This study highlighted the importance and longevity of soil and water conservation efforts in Xinjiang,and offered some suggestions on ecological restoration and combating desertification in arid regions of Central Asia.&2015 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press.Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
Regionalization of soil and water conservation is a base for the planning of soil and water conservation in China. It can provide scientific basis for constructing healthy eco-environment and regional management and d...Regionalization of soil and water conservation is a base for the planning of soil and water conservation in China. It can provide scientific basis for constructing healthy eco-environment and regional management and development. It makes a brief review of related regionalization of study and makes clear the concept of regionalization of soil and water conservation. In this paper, based on synthetical analysis of the characteristics of eco-environments of China, the principles, indices and nomenclature of the regionalization of soil and water conservation are proposed. Through the construction of the regionalization of soil and water conservation collaboration platform and data reporting system, combined with existing soil and water conservation research, this paper uses the top-down and bottom-up and the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to build soil and water conservation regionalization preliminary scheme, with 8 regions, 41 sub-regions and 117 sections divided in China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41271286)the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(413221001)
文摘In semi-arid regions, complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions has led to a massive soil loss and a comprehensive understanding of its mechanism is the first step toward prevention of the erosion. However, the mutual influences between wind erosion and water erosion have not been fully understood. This research used a wind tunnel and two rainfall simulators and simulated two rounds of alternations between wind erosion and water erosion(i.e., 1^(st) wind erosion–1^(st) water erosion and 2^(nd) wind erosion–2^(nd) water erosion) on three slopes(5°, 10°, and 15°) with six wind speeds(0, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 20 m/s) and five rainfall intensities(0, 30, 45, 60, and 75 mm/h). The objective was to analyze the influences of wind erosion on succeeding water erosion. Results showed that the effects of wind erosion on water erosion were not the same in the two rounds of tests. In the 1^(st) round of tests, wind erosion first restrained and then intensified water erosion mostly because the blocking effect of wind-sculpted micro-topography on surface flow was weakened with the increase in slope. In the 2^(nd) round of tests, wind erosion intensified water erosion on beds with no rills at gentle slopes and low rainfall intensities or with large-size rills at steep slopes and high rainfall intensities. Wind erosion restrained water erosion on beds with small rills at moderate slopes and moderate rainfall intensities. The effects were mainly related to the fine grain layer, rills and slope of the original bed in the 2^(nd) round of tests. The findings can deepen our understanding of complex erosion resulted from a combination of wind and water actions and provide scientific references to regional soil and water conservation.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Plan(No.2014BAC15B03)the Recruitment Program of High Level Talents in Xinjiang,and the Young Talents Cultivation Program for Science and Technology Innovation in Xinjiang(No.2014731010).
文摘Located in the inland arid area of Central Asia and northwest China,Xinjiang has recently received heightened concerns over soil water erosion,which is highly related with the sustainable utilization of barren soil and limited water resources.Data from the national soil erosion survey of China(1985-2011)and Xinjiang statistical yearbook(2000-2010)was used to analyze the trend,intensity,and serious soil water erosion regions.Results showed that the water erosion area in Xinjiang was 87.6103 km^(2) in 2011,mainly distributed in the Ili river valley and the northern and southern Tian Mountain.Soil erosion gradient was generally slight and the average erosion modulus was 2184 t/(km^(2) a).During the last 26 years,the water erosion area in Xinjiang decreased by 23.2%,whereas the intensity was still increasing.The driving factors from large to small impact included:population boom and human activities4vegetation degradation4rainfall and climate change4topography and soil erodibility4tectonics movement.Soil water erosion resulted in eco-environmental and socioeconomic losses,such as destroying farmland and grassland,triggering floods,sedimentation of reservoirs,damaging transportation and irrigation facilities,and aggravating poverty.A landscape ecological design approach is suggested for integrated control of soil erosion.Currently,an average of 2.07×10^(3) km^(2) of formerly eroded area is conserved each year.This study highlighted the importance and longevity of soil and water conservation efforts in Xinjiang,and offered some suggestions on ecological restoration and combating desertification in arid regions of Central Asia.&2015 International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation and China Water and Power Press.Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
基金National Forestry Public Welfare Industry Research of China,No.201004018Project of the Ministry of Water Resources
文摘Regionalization of soil and water conservation is a base for the planning of soil and water conservation in China. It can provide scientific basis for constructing healthy eco-environment and regional management and development. It makes a brief review of related regionalization of study and makes clear the concept of regionalization of soil and water conservation. In this paper, based on synthetical analysis of the characteristics of eco-environments of China, the principles, indices and nomenclature of the regionalization of soil and water conservation are proposed. Through the construction of the regionalization of soil and water conservation collaboration platform and data reporting system, combined with existing soil and water conservation research, this paper uses the top-down and bottom-up and the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to build soil and water conservation regionalization preliminary scheme, with 8 regions, 41 sub-regions and 117 sections divided in China.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40861013)Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia (Grant No. 200508010708)