Furrow irrigation when combined with plastic mulch on ridge is one of the current uppermost wa- ter-saving irrigation technologies for arid regions. The present paper studies the dynamics of soil water-salt trans- por...Furrow irrigation when combined with plastic mulch on ridge is one of the current uppermost wa- ter-saving irrigation technologies for arid regions. The present paper studies the dynamics of soil water-salt trans- portation and its spatial distribution characteristics under irrigation with saline water in a maize field experiment. The mathematical relationships for soil salinity, irrigation amount and water salinity are also established to evaluate the contribution of the irrigation amount and the salinity of saline water to soil salt accumulation. The result showed that irrigation with water of high salinity could effectively increase soil water content, but the increment is limited com- paring with the influence from irrigation amount. The soil water content in furrows was higher than that in ridges at the same soil layers, with increments of 12.87% and 13.70% for MMF9 （the treatment with the highest water salinity and the largest amount of irrigation water） and MMF1 （the treatment with the lowest water salinity and the least amount of irrigation water） on 27 June, respectively. The increment for MMF9 was gradually reduced while that for MMF1 increased along with growth stages, the values for 17 August being 2.40% and 19.92%, respectively. Soil water content in the ridge for MMF9 reduced gradually from the surface layer to deeper layers while the surface soil water content for MMF1 was smaller than the contents below 20 cm at the early growing stage. Soil salinities for the treatments with the same amount of irrigation water but different water salinity increased with the water salinity. When water salinity was 6.04 dS/m, the less water resulted in more salt accumulation in topsoil and less in deep layers. When water salinity was 2.89 dS/m, however, the less water resulted in less salt accumulation in topsoil and salinity remained basically stable in deep layers. The salt accumulation in the ridge surface was much smaller than that in the furrow bottom under this technology, which was quite different from traditional furrow irrigation. The soil salinities for MMF7, MMF8 and MMF9 in the ridge surface were 0.191, 0.355 and 0.427 dS/m, respectively, whereas those in the furrow bottom were 0.316, 0.521 and 0.631 dS/m, respectively. The result of correlation analysis indicated that compared with irrigation amount, the irrigation water salinity was still the main factor influ- encing soil salinity in furrow irrigation with plastic mulch on ridge.展开更多
为研究层状土壤对水盐运移以及植被生长的影响,进一步了解植物水分的有效利用情况,以植物生长条件下的室内层状(上层为壤土,下层为河砂)一维土柱水盐运移试验为基础,利用课题组开发的层状土壤水盐运移模型(Layered soil water solute tr...为研究层状土壤对水盐运移以及植被生长的影响,进一步了解植物水分的有效利用情况,以植物生长条件下的室内层状(上层为壤土,下层为河砂)一维土柱水盐运移试验为基础,利用课题组开发的层状土壤水盐运移模型(Layered soil water solute transport and crop growth model,LAWSTAC)进行了相应的模拟和分析。研究结果表明:①LAWSTAC模型可以较好的模拟入渗过程中均质壤土的水盐运移,模型相关参数可以直接用于层状土土柱的模型中。②LAWSTAC模型可以较好地模拟入渗条件下上细下粗型层状土的水盐运移情况,但是对于蒸发过程来说,由于下层河砂参数选取的误差、亦或由于目前水盐运移理论在有优先流存在的层状土中适用性不好,导致蒸发过程模拟效果不佳。③粗质土覆盖细质土能有效减小蒸发量及蒸腾量,上层粗质土对水分运动和盐分运移均有抑制作用。上粗下细型层状结构土壤的蒸发失水主要来自上层粗质土,而上细下粗型层状结构土壤的蒸发失水主要来自下层粗质土,且其累积蒸发量远大于上粗下细型层状土。因此,LAWSTAC模型可为研究自然界中土壤质地差异较大的农田的盐碱化防治以及灌溉水的高效利用提供数据支持。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91025002,30970492)the National Key Technology R & D Program (2012BAC08B05)
文摘Furrow irrigation when combined with plastic mulch on ridge is one of the current uppermost wa- ter-saving irrigation technologies for arid regions. The present paper studies the dynamics of soil water-salt trans- portation and its spatial distribution characteristics under irrigation with saline water in a maize field experiment. The mathematical relationships for soil salinity, irrigation amount and water salinity are also established to evaluate the contribution of the irrigation amount and the salinity of saline water to soil salt accumulation. The result showed that irrigation with water of high salinity could effectively increase soil water content, but the increment is limited com- paring with the influence from irrigation amount. The soil water content in furrows was higher than that in ridges at the same soil layers, with increments of 12.87% and 13.70% for MMF9 （the treatment with the highest water salinity and the largest amount of irrigation water） and MMF1 （the treatment with the lowest water salinity and the least amount of irrigation water） on 27 June, respectively. The increment for MMF9 was gradually reduced while that for MMF1 increased along with growth stages, the values for 17 August being 2.40% and 19.92%, respectively. Soil water content in the ridge for MMF9 reduced gradually from the surface layer to deeper layers while the surface soil water content for MMF1 was smaller than the contents below 20 cm at the early growing stage. Soil salinities for the treatments with the same amount of irrigation water but different water salinity increased with the water salinity. When water salinity was 6.04 dS/m, the less water resulted in more salt accumulation in topsoil and less in deep layers. When water salinity was 2.89 dS/m, however, the less water resulted in less salt accumulation in topsoil and salinity remained basically stable in deep layers. The salt accumulation in the ridge surface was much smaller than that in the furrow bottom under this technology, which was quite different from traditional furrow irrigation. The soil salinities for MMF7, MMF8 and MMF9 in the ridge surface were 0.191, 0.355 and 0.427 dS/m, respectively, whereas those in the furrow bottom were 0.316, 0.521 and 0.631 dS/m, respectively. The result of correlation analysis indicated that compared with irrigation amount, the irrigation water salinity was still the main factor influ- encing soil salinity in furrow irrigation with plastic mulch on ridge.
文摘为研究层状土壤对水盐运移以及植被生长的影响,进一步了解植物水分的有效利用情况,以植物生长条件下的室内层状(上层为壤土,下层为河砂)一维土柱水盐运移试验为基础,利用课题组开发的层状土壤水盐运移模型(Layered soil water solute transport and crop growth model,LAWSTAC)进行了相应的模拟和分析。研究结果表明:①LAWSTAC模型可以较好的模拟入渗过程中均质壤土的水盐运移,模型相关参数可以直接用于层状土土柱的模型中。②LAWSTAC模型可以较好地模拟入渗条件下上细下粗型层状土的水盐运移情况,但是对于蒸发过程来说,由于下层河砂参数选取的误差、亦或由于目前水盐运移理论在有优先流存在的层状土中适用性不好,导致蒸发过程模拟效果不佳。③粗质土覆盖细质土能有效减小蒸发量及蒸腾量,上层粗质土对水分运动和盐分运移均有抑制作用。上粗下细型层状结构土壤的蒸发失水主要来自上层粗质土,而上细下粗型层状结构土壤的蒸发失水主要来自下层粗质土,且其累积蒸发量远大于上粗下细型层状土。因此,LAWSTAC模型可为研究自然界中土壤质地差异较大的农田的盐碱化防治以及灌溉水的高效利用提供数据支持。
