Biological Evaluation Based Quality Management of Water Resources in Small Xingkai Lake

Taking the water ecosystem of Small Xingkai Lake as research object,through the survey and analysis of aquatic organism indicators,this paper established an ecosystem integrity evaluation system with the biological integrity as the criterion layer. Using the index of biological integrity and comprehensive health index,it evaluated the health status of water ecosystem of Small Xingkai Lake.

Soil and Water Resources and Land Sustainable Productivity in the Catchment Area with Intensive Management in Hilly Red Soil Regions,China

Taking an example of Majiayu Catchment Area (14.15 ha) in Taoyuan County of HunanProvince, the soil and water resources dynamics, fertility evolution characteristics andland productivity changing situation were studied. Fixed observation results from 1993to 2002 showed that pools covering about 15% of total area could store up 10% of surfacerunoff, keep 78.1% of eroded soil and 65.4% of lost nutrients. The yearly ratio ofinterception and evapotranspiration in land, storage in pools and drainage was 7:2:1,which ensured the resources and nutrients equilibrium and a benign recycle in thecatchment area system, and benefited the aquatic culture and helped to resist seasonaldrought. Moreover, the results showed that soil erosion modulus decreased significantly,equal to or lower than soil loss tolerance (≤500 tkm-2) in reddish yellow soil regions.Soil organic matter, total and available N content in sloping land, dryland and paddyfield increased steadily (>10%); water storage enhanced by more than 20% in sloping landand dryland in drought season; crop production increased by more than 20%; and productionof trees, fruits, tea and fish as well as land productivity increased yearly.

Necessity and feasibility for an ET-based modern water resources management strategy: A case study of soil water resources in the Yellow River Basin

The necessity and feasibility of an ET-based modern water resources management was analyzed to improve assessment of critical water resources scarcity in the region/basin. This analysis was based on the whole water cycle process and its analysis object is evapotranspiration (ET), a main consumption component in the water resources dynamic transformation process. A case study was undertaken by selecting soil water resources in the Yellow River Basin and employing the WEP-L distributed hydrological model with physics mechanisms. This paper discusses the amount and consumption efficiency of soil-water resources according to completely simulated results of water cycle elements throughout the basin. Results indicate that it is important for the ET-based modern water resources management strategy to alleviate water resources scarcity because it may not only avoid unused water wasting but also improve water use efficiency. Therefore, an ET-based modern water resources management scheme is a good complement to the traditional water resources demand management system.

Coupling the hydrological and ecological process to implement the sustainable water resources management in Hanjiang River Basin

Research on the combination of hydrological variation and ecological demands plays an important role in water availability assessment and sustainable management on basin scale. An integrative frame, consisting of hydrological regime modelling, ecological water demands estimation and renewable resources management, is given in this paper in order to support the implementation of the sustainable water resources management. The suggested integrative frame has been used to study the integrated water resources management in southern Hanjiang River Basin which is the water source of South-toNorth Water Transportation Project in China. SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) model was used to simulate the monthly averaging streamflow and the amounts of ecological water demands in stream were also estimated in order to evaluate the available water resources for the local users and the transportation project. Then we formed the developing scenarioes by coupling the available water resources, the recovering rate of water resources in natural water cycle, the local water use rate and the amounts of the water transported to North, and used the Scheafer model to analyze their evolving trajectories. Eventually, the sustainable water resources management measures were assembled by the comprehensive evaluation of the scenarioes. The research indicates that the integrative frame provided a new way for the integrated water resources management in river basin.

认真践行“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路 加快实施水资源刚性约束制度

近年来,水资源管理工作认真贯彻落实习近平总书记“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路,相关工作取得积极进展和成效。在学习研究“节水优先、空间均衡、系统治理、两手发力”治水思路、总结水资源管理工作的基础上,以加快实施水资源刚性约束制度为主线,提出了当前和今后一个时期水资源管理的思路和重点。

Predictive simulation and optimal allocation of surface water resources in reservoir basins under climate change

Predicting and allocating surface water resources are becoming increasingly important tasks for addressing the risk of water shortages and challenges of climate change,especially in reservoir basins.However,surface water resource management includes many systematic uncertainties and complexities that are difficult to address.Thus,advanced models must be developed to support predictive simulations and optimal allocations of surface water resources,which are urgently required to ensure regional water supply security and sustainable socioeconomic development.In this study,a soil and water assessment tool-based interval linear multi-objective programming(SWAT-ILMP)model was developed and integrated with climate change scenarios,SWAT,interval parameter programming,and multi-objective programming.The developed model was applied to the Xinfengjiang Reservoir basin in South China and was able to identify optimal allocation schemes for water resources under different climate change scenarios.In the forecast year 2025,the optimal water quantity for power generation would be the highest and account for∼60%of all water resources,the optimal water quantity for water supply would account for∼35%,while the optimal surplus water released from the reservoir would be the lowest at≤5%.In addition,climate change and reservoir initial storage would greatly affect the surplus water quantity but not the power generation or water supply quantity.In general,the SWAT-ILMP model is applicable and effective for water resource prediction and management systems.The results from different scenarios can provide multiple alternatives to support rational water resource allocation in the study area.

中卫市退砂土地农作物复垦的可行性分析研究

本研究旨在分析宁夏中卫市沙坡头区退砂地的土壤质量提升及农作物种植适宜性。通过连续3年的田间试验,收集并分析了8种宁夏地区广泛栽培的耐旱作物对土壤理化性质的影响及其经济效益。分析了退砂耕地适生农作物对当地土壤质量的影响及经济效益。结果表明,朝天椒和红葱在退砂地上表现出较高的产量和产值,且投入产出比大,是退砂地优先选择的作物。此外,玉米和小杂粮等作物轮作种植也显示出改良土壤结构和提高肥力的潜力。本研究为退砂地的科学利用提供了理论依据和实践指导,有助于推动中卫市经济社会可持续发展。

大型直流冷却火电厂用水特征分析

直流冷却火电厂是我国工业用水大户,随着水资源短缺问题日益严重、节水要求日益提高,开展直流冷却火电厂用水特征分析研究,为节水改造提供技术支撑,愈发紧迫。文章以中山嘉明电厂为例,对其开展水平衡测试工作,确定电厂用水结构,推演用水参数及各系统用水指标,进行节水潜力分析并提出节水措施。分析结果显示,直流冷却是该类电厂主要的用水、退水环节,电厂用水指标满足相关定额要求,但在除盐水回用等方面仍有一定的节水潜力。测试及分析的开展为大型直流冷却火电行业节水改造、节水企业创建提供了一定的参考和借鉴。

崩岗治理碳汇作用与碳汇能力评估

为了评估崩岗治理的碳汇能力,在福建省安溪县选择未治理崩岗(UB)为对照,综合治理模式崩岗(MB)和整地造林模式崩岗(AB)为研究对象,分层采集0~10、10~20和20~40 cm土壤样品,使用碳氮分析仪测定土壤有机碳,环刀法测定土壤密度;通过样方法和全面清查法调查树种、胸径、树高,利用生物量方程和收获法测定生物量。结果表明:1)崩岗治理产生明显的保土保碳、减蚀减排和增绿增汇的作用;2)AB的增汇作用以植被碳库提升为主,MB以土壤碳库提升为主;3)AB的碳汇能力高于MB,2种模式的造林及其管护方式是引起碳汇增量差异的主要原因;4)崩岗治理10a左右,拦蓄沙土中的土壤碳密度低于南方红壤区退化土地植被修复后的土壤碳密度,具有较大的提升空间。崩岗治理是防治南方红壤丘陵区水土流失的有效措施,具有明显的保碳减排增汇等作用,研究结果可为今后崩岗治理的模式选择与其碳汇能力评估提供科学支撑。

全国水资源分区尺度水系连通性评价

水系连通性与水资源调配、水旱灾害防御、水生态环境保护和修复等水安全保障问题密切相关。针对当前全国范围水系连通性评价研究相对较少,区域间水系连通性横向对比不足,从水系连通基本内涵出发,在水资源分区尺度,选择数量、结构和水力特征及对应的评价指标,结合层次分析法和熵权法,构建了水系连通性评价体系,绘制了全国一级和三级水资源分区水系连通性空间分布图。结果表明,水系连通性总体自东南向西北逐渐递减,按照0.07~0.38、0.39~0.50、0.51~0.78划分低、中、高三类,水系连通性低值主要位于西北内陆干旱区、中值主要位于丘陵区域、高值主要位于长江中下游和淮河流域平原河网区。研究成果将有助于促进流域、区域水系连通系统规划与建设。

无实测资料河流逐月水量估算方法适用性研究

无实测资料河流逐月水量估算是最严格水资源管理制度考核的重要支撑。基于流域水文相似性原理和水量平衡原理,选用径流模数法、径流系数法、区域水量平衡法,研究提出其逐月水量估算适用范围和估算成果合理性分析标准。以现有水文站为假设断面,采用参证水文站资料进行假设断面水量估算,对三种方法的适用范围和估算成果合理性分析标准进行验证。结果表明,径流模数法适用于集水面积相差不超过20%情形和考虑区间蓄泄水变量情况的集水面积相差在20%至1倍之间情形;径流系数法适用于集水面积相差在20%至1.5倍之间且估算时段有洪水过程情形;区间水量平衡法适用于上下游参证水文站面积比在3倍以内情形;“两种方法相对偏差小于18%”的估算成果合理性分析标准可行。

河北省丰宁县岗子矿泉水水化学特征及资源评价

随着社会经济的发展以及水资源的不断开采利用,地表水以及浅层地下水在一定程度上受到污染,纯净的饮用天然水需求量逐年上升,饮用天然水的开发利用及水源地调查评价在现阶段具有重要意义。本文综合了水文地质调查、水文地质试验、水质检测等工作成果,对岗子矿泉水水源地水文地质条件、水化学特征进行了分析,对区内矿泉水资源潜力进行了初步评价,并对下一步开发利用提出了建议。岗子矿泉水为偏硅酸型饮用天然矿泉水,水化学类型为重碳酸-钙(HCO_(3)-Ca)型,含水层岩性主要为古近系—新近系砾岩、白垩系砂砾岩,地下水类型为基岩风化裂隙水和构造裂隙水,补给来源为大气降水,受地形控制,大气降水深入地下后,由南东向北西方向径流,排泄方式主要为人为开采。通过计算,矿泉水水源地允许开采量为31.88×10^(4) m^(3)/a,结合成因分析初步评价研究区矿泉水资源潜力为9.451×106 m^(3)/a。研究成果可为今后研究区矿泉水开发利用、矿业权设置提供科学依据。

考虑水资源管理影响的水源配置方案优选研究

针对水源配置方案较少考虑水资源管理影响的问题,以东莞市为例,考虑水资源管理影响,构建水管理-安全-经济-环境全方位评价指标体系,并引入灰色关联系数,建立基于灰色关联-模糊综合评价耦合模型,实现水源配置方案优选。结果表明:水管理指标对方案优选结果存在影响,不考虑水资源管理影响时,水经济指标起主导作用,最优方案为3.65亿m^(3)/a的江库联网工程和0.95亿m^(3)/a的珠配工程,较优备选方案为2.92亿m^(3)/a的江库联网工程和1.68亿m^(3)/a的珠配工程;考虑水资源管理影响时,最优方案为3.65亿m^(3)/a的江库联网工程和0.95亿m^(3)/a的珠配工程,较优备选方案为0.37亿m^(3)/a的江库联网工程、3.3亿m^(3)/a的珠配工程和0.93亿m^(3)/a的已建水厂。因此,构建的指标体系与优选模型不仅考虑了当下的供水成本、供水保证率与废污水排放情况,还考虑了未来的管理难度及其带来的未知管理成本,为决策者提供更科学全面的决策依据。

区域弃渣综合利用信息管理平台研究与设计

随着城镇化进程加快,生产建设项目产生的弃渣日益增多。弃渣的全过程管理是水土保持工作的重点和难点,弃渣资源化利用也是环境保护与城市可持续发展的关键环节。本文构建区域弃渣综合利用信息管理平台,技术架构采用云原生技术、微服务架构以及容器化部署等方法,功能模块包括数据采集与智能分类、资源匹配与优化、环境监测与评估等,确保平台的高度扩展性和可靠性。通过实施该平台,促进弃渣的减量化、资源化,提升区域弃渣资源化利用效率和智能化管理水平。

基于DPSIR-TOPSIS模型的寒地黑土区水土资源可持续利用评价研究

为帮助地方政府和相关机构做出合理有效的决策,促进水土资源的可持续利用和区域的可持续发展,以黑龙江省克山县为研究区,基于DPSIR模型和主成分分析法构建寒地黑土区水土资源可持续利用评价指标体系,利用TOPSIS方法测算2013-2021年克山县水土资源可持续利用水平。结果显示:(1)各子系统在2013-2021年间呈不同波动上升趋势,其中响应子系统对克山县水土资源可持续利用水平的贡献率最高。(2)克山县水土资源可持续利用水平在2013-2021年间呈波动上升趋势,可持续状态由弱可持续转为可持续。(3)制约克山县水土资源可持续利用水平的障碍因子主要为除涝面积、旱田耕地面积、水利支出、农村用电量和耕地保护面积。响应子系统对提升水土资源可持续利用水平有重要作用,地方政府可以增加水利支出,优化除涝设施,调整旱田耕地的管理方式以及加强耕地保护力度,从而进一步提升水土资源的可持续利用水平。

郴州市许家洞地区地热资源特征及资源量评价

为查明郴州市地下热水资源的特征及储量,本文选取许家洞地区两个典型地热田,通过地热地质调查、水质测试等方法调查了研究区的地质条件、地热流体场特征、地下热水水化学类型。基于上述研究开展了许家洞地区地热资源储量的分析评价。研究结果表明:(1)区内地下热水受断裂构造控制,是入渗地下水沿着断裂构造在深部循环过程中吸收隐伏岩体中的热能形成的;(2)地下热水水化学类型主要为HCO_(3)-Ca型、HCO_(3)-Ca·Na型或HCO_(3)·SO_(4)-Ca·Mg型,为低温、无色透明的弱碱性水;(3)热水的主要补给来源为大气降水,水分入渗后主要沿区内发育的北东向断裂构造(F24、F7、F25、F8)运移到一定深度,地下水逐渐增温变成地下热水,在断裂交汇处沿着不均匀发育的岩溶裂隙系统向上运移,以温泉形式出露于地表;(4)研究区地下热水每年可提供热能约3.23×10^(8)MJ,每年可节约标准煤资源约1.18×10^(4)t。该研究成果对郴州市地热资源的合理开发利用具有重要指导意义。

长江九江至江阴段水资源特征和管理分析

长江是中国的母亲河之一,其九江至江阴段的水资源特征对于区域生态平衡和经济社会发展具有深远影响。综合分析长江九江至江阴段的水资源特征,然后提出区域水资源管理的优化策略,以期为长江九江至江阴段水资源的可持续管理和政策制定提供科学依据。总体来说,要加强对饮用水水源地的保护,加强点源污染的控制,加强面源污染的控制,从而落实水资源管理,提高水资源利用率,保护区域水环境。

内蒙古自治区地热资源特征及可采资源评价

本文分析了内蒙古自治区地热地质特征,在此基础上对研究区地热井进行抽水试验获取最大涌水量,并对地热水进行取样化验,查明地热水水化学特征及用途。根据地热资源可开采量所采出的热量,计算地热井产能和阶梯利用功率,为今后该区域地热资源试采及进一步勘查与开发远景规划的制定提供依据。

基于水土资源承载评价的灌区水土资源时空优化配置研究

以贵州省某典型灌区为例,利用系统动力学、压力-状态-响应模型等,建立水土资源承载能力的评价方法。验证分析显示,灌区1996、2004、2012和2020年的水土资源承载状态分别为轻度、逼近、逼近和平稳。结果表明,研究提出的评价体系对灌区水土资源承载能力分析具有合理性和可行性,灌区的水土资源承载状态在空间中为积极性变化,但变化速度减缓,严峻以及轻度承载面积在空间分布中逐渐向盐碱化等趋势过渡。

厦门市同安区东塘地热水化学特征和资源量分析评价

为了厦门市同安区东塘地热水资源的可持续开发,对研究区内的地热水化学特征及可采资源量进行了分析计算。分析结果表明,地热水水质类型为Cl·SO_(4)·HCO_(3)-Na型,总矿化度和总硬度较低,属偏碱性水,受外界环境影响较小。根据抽水试验结果,结合群孔涌水量减少系数法计算了东塘地下热水允许开采量为6380 m^(3)/d,与之匹配的热能量为4.63×10^(3)kw。成果可为研究区能为厦门市东塘地区今后的地热资源可持续开发利用提供科学依据。