In recent years, many studies have been carried out on colloidal particle transfer in the unsaturated zone because they can be a risk to the environment either directly or as a vector of pollutants. A study was conduc...In recent years, many studies have been carried out on colloidal particle transfer in the unsaturated zone because they can be a risk to the environment either directly or as a vector of pollutants. A study was conducted on the influence of porous media structure in unsaturated conditions on colloidal particle transport. Three granular materials were set up in columns to replicate a fluvio-glacial soil from the unsaturated zone in the Lyon area (France). It is a sand, a bimodal mixture in equal proportion by weight of sand and gravel, and a fraction of bimodal mixture. Nanoparticles of silica (SiO2-Au-FluoNPs), having a hydrodynamic diameter between 50 and 60 nm, labeled by organic fluorescent molecules were used to simulate the transport of colloidal particles. A nonreactive tracer, bromide ion (Br-) at a concentration of C0,s = 10-2 M was used to determine the hydrodispersive properties of porous media. The tests were carried out first, with a solution of nanoparticles (C0,p = 0.2 g/L) and secondly, with a solution of nanoparticles and bromine. The transfer model based on fractionation of water into two phases, mobile and immobile, MIM, correctly fits the elution curves. The retention of colloidal particles is greater in the two media of bimodal particle size than that in the sand, which clearly demonstrates the role of textural heterogeneity in the retention mechanism. The increase in ionic strength produced by alimenting the columns with colloidal particle suspension in the presence of bromide, increases retention up to 25% in the sand. The total concentration profile of nanoparticles collected at the end of the experiment shows that the colloidal particles are retained primarily at the entrance of the columns. Hydrodispersive calculated parameters indicate that flow is more heterogeneous in bimodal media compared to sand.展开更多
为研究层状土壤对水盐运移以及植被生长的影响,进一步了解植物水分的有效利用情况,以植物生长条件下的室内层状(上层为壤土,下层为河砂)一维土柱水盐运移试验为基础,利用课题组开发的层状土壤水盐运移模型(Layered soil water solute tr...为研究层状土壤对水盐运移以及植被生长的影响,进一步了解植物水分的有效利用情况,以植物生长条件下的室内层状(上层为壤土,下层为河砂)一维土柱水盐运移试验为基础,利用课题组开发的层状土壤水盐运移模型(Layered soil water solute transport and crop growth model,LAWSTAC)进行了相应的模拟和分析。研究结果表明:①LAWSTAC模型可以较好的模拟入渗过程中均质壤土的水盐运移,模型相关参数可以直接用于层状土土柱的模型中。②LAWSTAC模型可以较好地模拟入渗条件下上细下粗型层状土的水盐运移情况,但是对于蒸发过程来说,由于下层河砂参数选取的误差、亦或由于目前水盐运移理论在有优先流存在的层状土中适用性不好,导致蒸发过程模拟效果不佳。③粗质土覆盖细质土能有效减小蒸发量及蒸腾量,上层粗质土对水分运动和盐分运移均有抑制作用。上粗下细型层状结构土壤的蒸发失水主要来自上层粗质土,而上细下粗型层状结构土壤的蒸发失水主要来自下层粗质土,且其累积蒸发量远大于上粗下细型层状土。因此,LAWSTAC模型可为研究自然界中土壤质地差异较大的农田的盐碱化防治以及灌溉水的高效利用提供数据支持。展开更多
It is very important to develop a universal soil model with higher simplicity and more accuracy, which can be widely applied to very general cases such as wet or dry soil, frozen or unfrozen soil and homogeneous or he...It is very important to develop a universal soil model with higher simplicity and more accuracy, which can be widely applied to very general cases such as wet or dry soil, frozen or unfrozen soil and homogeneous or heterogeneous soil. Firstly in this study, based on analysis of both magnitude order and the numerical simulation results, the universal and simplified soil model (USSM) coupling heat and mass transport processes is developed. Secondly, in order to avoid the greater uncertainty caused by the phase change term in numerical iteration process for the model solution obtaining, new version of the universal simplified soil model (NUSSM) is further derived through variables transformation, and accordingly a more efficient numerical scheme for the new version is designed well. The simulation results from the NUSSM agree with the results from more complicated and accurate soil model very well, also reasonably reproduce the observed data under widely real conditions. The new version model, because of its simplicity, will match for the development of land surface model.展开更多
文摘In recent years, many studies have been carried out on colloidal particle transfer in the unsaturated zone because they can be a risk to the environment either directly or as a vector of pollutants. A study was conducted on the influence of porous media structure in unsaturated conditions on colloidal particle transport. Three granular materials were set up in columns to replicate a fluvio-glacial soil from the unsaturated zone in the Lyon area (France). It is a sand, a bimodal mixture in equal proportion by weight of sand and gravel, and a fraction of bimodal mixture. Nanoparticles of silica (SiO2-Au-FluoNPs), having a hydrodynamic diameter between 50 and 60 nm, labeled by organic fluorescent molecules were used to simulate the transport of colloidal particles. A nonreactive tracer, bromide ion (Br-) at a concentration of C0,s = 10-2 M was used to determine the hydrodispersive properties of porous media. The tests were carried out first, with a solution of nanoparticles (C0,p = 0.2 g/L) and secondly, with a solution of nanoparticles and bromine. The transfer model based on fractionation of water into two phases, mobile and immobile, MIM, correctly fits the elution curves. The retention of colloidal particles is greater in the two media of bimodal particle size than that in the sand, which clearly demonstrates the role of textural heterogeneity in the retention mechanism. The increase in ionic strength produced by alimenting the columns with colloidal particle suspension in the presence of bromide, increases retention up to 25% in the sand. The total concentration profile of nanoparticles collected at the end of the experiment shows that the colloidal particles are retained primarily at the entrance of the columns. Hydrodispersive calculated parameters indicate that flow is more heterogeneous in bimodal media compared to sand.
文摘为研究层状土壤对水盐运移以及植被生长的影响,进一步了解植物水分的有效利用情况,以植物生长条件下的室内层状(上层为壤土,下层为河砂)一维土柱水盐运移试验为基础,利用课题组开发的层状土壤水盐运移模型(Layered soil water solute transport and crop growth model,LAWSTAC)进行了相应的模拟和分析。研究结果表明:①LAWSTAC模型可以较好的模拟入渗过程中均质壤土的水盐运移,模型相关参数可以直接用于层状土土柱的模型中。②LAWSTAC模型可以较好地模拟入渗条件下上细下粗型层状土的水盐运移情况,但是对于蒸发过程来说,由于下层河砂参数选取的误差、亦或由于目前水盐运移理论在有优先流存在的层状土中适用性不好,导致蒸发过程模拟效果不佳。③粗质土覆盖细质土能有效减小蒸发量及蒸腾量,上层粗质土对水分运动和盐分运移均有抑制作用。上粗下细型层状结构土壤的蒸发失水主要来自上层粗质土,而上细下粗型层状结构土壤的蒸发失水主要来自下层粗质土,且其累积蒸发量远大于上粗下细型层状土。因此,LAWSTAC模型可为研究自然界中土壤质地差异较大的农田的盐碱化防治以及灌溉水的高效利用提供数据支持。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40575043 and 40233034)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-229)
文摘It is very important to develop a universal soil model with higher simplicity and more accuracy, which can be widely applied to very general cases such as wet or dry soil, frozen or unfrozen soil and homogeneous or heterogeneous soil. Firstly in this study, based on analysis of both magnitude order and the numerical simulation results, the universal and simplified soil model (USSM) coupling heat and mass transport processes is developed. Secondly, in order to avoid the greater uncertainty caused by the phase change term in numerical iteration process for the model solution obtaining, new version of the universal simplified soil model (NUSSM) is further derived through variables transformation, and accordingly a more efficient numerical scheme for the new version is designed well. The simulation results from the NUSSM agree with the results from more complicated and accurate soil model very well, also reasonably reproduce the observed data under widely real conditions. The new version model, because of its simplicity, will match for the development of land surface model.
