Element geochemical characteristics of a soil profile developed on dolostone in central Guizhou, southern China: implications for parent materials

This study presents bulk chemical compositions of the Tongmuling soil profile, which developed on dolostone, and the overlying strata covering the bedrock in the central Guizhou province(southern China). The chemical weathering characteristics of the studied profile were investigated and the inheritance relationships between the terra rossa and overlying strata were discussed. The results show that there is no remarkable variation in the major elements and weathering indices from the rock–soil interface to the topsoil, indicating that the studied profile was not typical for in situ crustal chemical weathering. The terra rossa were mainly composed of Si O_2, Al_2O_3 and Fe_2O_3. Compared with the insoluble residues and overlying strata, the terra rossa are characterized by an enrichment of Y and Cs and depletion of Ba and Sr. The subsoil shows a notable Ce negative anomaly, characterized by heavy rare earth element enrichment(L/H = 1.55–3.74), whereas the topsoil shows a positive Ce anomaly with light rare earth element enrichment(L/H = 5.93–9.14). According to Laterite-forming capacity estimates, the terra rossa could not have only been formed from acid-insoluble residues from the bedrock; Al_2O_3 versus Fe_2O_3and Nb plotted against Ta show significant positive correlations between the terra rossa and overlying strata. The Eu/Eu* versusGd_N/Yb_Nand ternary diagrams for Sc, Th, Zr, and Ta suggest that the overlying strata could also provide parent materials for the genesis of terra rossa.

Weathering and soils formation on different parent materials in Golestan Province,Northern Iran

Geochemical, mineralogical, and micromorphologieal characteristics of soils and their relevant parent rocks including loess, ignimbrite, sandstone and limestone were investigated to identify the soil-parent material uniformity and the weathering degree of soils in Golestan Province, northern Iran. Highly developed Caleixerolls and moderately developed Haploxerepts were formed on loess and limestone, respectively. In contrast, the soils formed on ignimbrite and sandstone were non- developed Entisols. Illite was the dominant clay mineral found in ignimbrite and sandstone in both the A horizon and parent material. In loess derived soils however, smectite was dominant especially in the Bt horizon compared to its parent material indicating partly to its pedogenic formation. In limestone, illite and vermiculite were dominant both in the A and C horizons. Ti/Zr ratio proved that the studied soils were closely related to their underlying parent materials geochemically. Chemical index of alteration （CIA）, micromorphological index of soil development （MISECA）, smectite/illite＋chlorite ratio and magnetic susceptibility were applied to investigate the degree of soil development. Results showed that the most and the least developed soils were those formed on loess deposits and limestone,respectively. Application of the different geochemical and pedogenetic approaches was proved to be useful in identifying the relevance of soils to their underlying parent materials and also their degree of development.

Preliminary Study on Relationship Between Soil Parent Materials and Tea Quality

Six tea plantations with different soil-forming parent materials, the same tea variety and tea age and similar landforms and management were selected to conduct a systematic study on the relationship between soil properties and tea quality. The results showed that the quality of tea grown on the soils derived from granites, arenaceous shales, argillaceous sandstones, was superior; those on the soils derived from limestones,dolomites, Quaternary red clays, were inferior. Further study showed that sandy soils were beneficial to improving amino acid content of tea, and clayey soils made it decrease; high content of bases might decrease the contents of tea polypenols, caffeine, water extracts, but promote the content of amino acids; available phosphorous was significantly positively correlated with water extracts, but significantly negatively correlated with carbine; slowly available potassium was positively correlated with amino acid content. Soil parent materials should be regarded as an important factor in evaluating the adaptability of tea to soils.

Soil Carbon Sequestrations in Forest Soils in Relation to Parent Material and Soil Depth in South-Eastern Nigeria

There has been increased interest in soil organic carbon in recent times because of its role in carbon sequestration. Different parent materials affect soil properties and hence will influence how much carbon is sequestered by soil. The study was conducted in June 2019 to investigate soil carbon stock in forest soils with respect to their parent materials in three States in South-eastern Nigeria. Sampling was aided by the location map of the area and free soil survey method was used to locate sampling points. 0ne profile was dug in each location and described using the Food and Agricultural Organization guideline. A total of twelve soil samples were collected and analyzed for selected properties. Results showed that sand content was significantly higher in soils under coastal plain sands (851.96 g·kg−1) and was lowest in soils of Imo clay shale (605.60 g·kg−1). Clay content was higher in soils of Imo clay shale (277.34 g·kg−1) and was lowest in coastal plain sand (118.80 g·kg−1). Silt and clay had moderate variation in coastal plain sand (>15 ≤ 35%) and high variations in Asu River and Imo clay shale (CV > 35%). The soils studied were generally acidic with values ranging (3.52) in soils formed from coastal plain sand, followed by forest soils of Imo clay shale (3.64) and Asu river group (3.85). Soil organic carbon decreased with increase in soil depth in all soil parent materials studied. Mean values ranged from 6.14 g·kg−1 in soil underlain by coastal plain sand to 10.62 g·kg−1) in soils of Imo clay shale. Soil carbon sequestered under the three different parent materials ranged from 1575 - 4676.41 (g·cm−2). Also, soil depth had a notable impact on carbon sequestration with values ranging from 1529.42 - 4374.0541 (g·cm−2) and the thicker the horizon, the more carbon sequestered. Hence, the study concluded that more carbon is sequestered in the subsurface horizons of the soil pedons than in the epipedons.

Oil Palm Soil Variability in West Malaysia as Affected by Its Parent Materials

The research aimed to analyze soil variability induced by parent materials for oil palm in West Malaysia. The research results can provide basic information on potential reserves of nutrients to improve soil productivity for oil palm. Soil samples were collected from two locations （granite soils and basalt soils）. The collected soil samples were completely analyzed in laboratory. The research results showed that based on mineral resistance to weathering （sand and silt mineral sizes）, mineral weathering of granite and basalt is divided into three categories, i.e., very slow weathered mineral （quartz and muscovite）, slowly weathered mineral （K-feldspar, Na and Ca-feldspar and biotite）, and easily weathered mineral （hornblende, augit, olivine, dolomite, calcite and gypsum） Losing mineral during weathering process from granite to clay is determined by containing mineral in rocks. Such minerals （CaO, Na：O, KzO, MgO and SiO2） loosed 100%, 95.0%, 83.5%, 74.7% and 52.5%, respectively, but Fe203 is disappeared only 14.4%. Soil properties characters of granite soil is more acid, has very low to low chemical soil fertility and is dominated by sand fraction, furthermore basalt soil is acid, has low to moderate chemical soil fertility and is dominated by clay fraction. Granite and basalt soils are able to produce FFB of oil palm （Fresh Fruit Bunches） 13-18 ton/ha in a year and 19-24 ton/ha in a year, respectively. The production difference of both soils is around 6.0 ton/ha in a year.

Changes in Soil pH and Exchangeable Acidity of Selected Parent Materials as Influenced by Amendments in South East of Nigeria

Soil chemical degradation caused by acidity is a serious constraint to food production in most parts of the Tropics. It was in the bid to proffer solution to this that the present study was conceived. Anincubation study was conducted at the laboratory of Soil Science and Meteorology Department of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike. The aim was to ascertain the effect of amendments namely: Control (no amendment), Biochar, Ash, Lime, Biochar + Poultry Manure, Ash + Poultry Manure and Lime + Poultry Manure, on soil pH and exchangeable acidity of Sandstone, Shale and Alluvium. The rate of application was 1.43 g for the sole amendments and 0.72 g each for the combined amendments to give an equivalent of 2 t/ha. They were applied to 100 g of the soil and replicated three times in a Completely Randomized Design. The incubation study lasted for eighty-four days, the pH and exchangeable acidity were determined at fourteen days intervals. The result obtained revealed that all the treatments increased the soil pH and decreased the exchangeable acidity over the control. In all parent materials, applied Lime and Lime + Pm significantly (p < 0.05) gave the highest pH of 6.6, 6.9 and 7.2 for Shale, Sandstone and Alluvium respectively on the 28th day of incubation which, was the time, the maximum pH value was attained. Biochar and Biochar + Pm were considered the appropriate amendments because the pH values they gave were towards neutral, unlike that of Lime and Lime + Pm that were towards alkaline. It is recommended that field trial of this work is conducted.

渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷古近系孔店组二段页岩高丰度有机质富集模式

渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷古近系孔店组二段(孔二段)页岩有机质丰度高,具有良好的页岩油勘探潜力,但由于缺乏精细的地球化学研究,有机质富集机理尚不清晰。通过开展全岩X射线衍射、全岩光片显微组分、岩石热解、总有机碳含量(TOC)、饱和烃色谱-质谱、单体烃碳同位素、主量元素与微量元素分析测试,研究了沧东凹陷孔二段页岩有机质富集的影响因素与模式。研究结果表明:孔二段页岩有机质富集受陆源碎屑输入、古生产力、古气候、古水深和古盐度多种因素影响,这些影响因素通过控制湖盆中菌藻类生物的生长、发育,在五级层序T-R旋回转换期形成高丰度有机质富集段。陆源碎屑输入为湖盆带来的丰富营养物质提高了湖盆生产力;古气候、古水深与古盐度主导了湖盆中水生/陆源有机质贡献比例的变化;细菌活动对有机质的改造提高了页岩H/C原子量比与“腐泥化”程度。以C3开发层系T-R旋回转换期为主的⑧号小层页岩形成于温湿气候、低盐度和水体较深的沉积古环境,TOC平均为2.7%,游离烃含量(S1)为3.7 mg/g,可动油指数(OSI)为215 mg/g,有机质丰度高、有机质类型较好,是页岩油有利靶窗。

湖南省柑橘园土壤pH值空间变异特征、成因及养分有效性

[目的]研究湖南省柑橘园土壤pH值的空间变异特征、影响因素及主要养分的有效性,为减缓柑橘园土壤酸化,提升土壤肥力提供科学依据。[方法]本研究以湖南省38个柑橘重点县的15722个柑橘园土壤为对象,利用地统计学、相关性分析、结构方程模型等方法,探究了湖南省柑橘园土壤pH值的空间变异特征,分析了土壤pH值对地理、气候、土壤性质等因子的响应,并研究了土壤pH值对土壤氮、磷、钾有效性的影响。[结果]湖南省柑橘园土壤pH值范围为3.00~8.50,均值为5.58,变异系数为18.06%,空间变异为中等程度。最适合柑橘生长的弱酸性土壤面积占44.35%,而酸性、强酸性、中性和碱性土壤分别占48.92%、1.69%、4.95%和0.08%。通过Pearson相关性分析发现,土壤pH值与降水量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与速效钾含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),而与气温、碱解氮和有效磷含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。结构方程模型模拟结果表明,土壤类型与成土母质是解释土壤pH值空间变异的主导因子。除少量强碱性土壤中碱解氮和有效磷含量处于较低水平外,柑橘园土壤各酸度等级土壤中的碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量皆处于适宜水平。[结论]由于特有的土壤类型和成土母质,湖南省柑橘园超过一半(50.61%)的土壤处于过酸状态(酸性和强酸性)。湖南省柑橘园土壤速效氮、磷、钾养分含量基本处于适宜水平,因此,应重视改善土壤酸性。

羌塘盆地双湖地区索瓦组烃源岩芳烃地球化学特征及意义

为认识羌塘盆地双湖地区索瓦组烃源岩有机质来源、沉积环境及成熟度,本研究采用抽提分离和气相色谱-质谱联用等技术分析了双湖地区索瓦组烃源岩中芳烃类化合物地球化学特征。结果表明,双湖地区索瓦组烃源岩中存在较高丰度的1,2,5-三甲基萘、9-甲基菲、惹烯、?及三芳甾烷系列化合物等,指示了高等植物的母质来源。三芴、二苯并噻吩及三芳甾烷系列化合物的分布特征指示索瓦组烃源岩沉积于还原环境。萘、菲、二苯并噻吩及三芳甾烷系列化合物等成熟度参数表明,羌塘盆地双湖地区索瓦组烃源岩已达到成熟阶段。综合有机质丰度及类型分析,认为羌塘盆地索瓦组烃源岩具有一定油气资源勘探价值。

水田改旱地和菜地后红壤酸度和养分变化特征

【目的】以红壤区典型县域祁阳为例,分析不同母质发育的水田改为旱地和菜地后土壤酸度和养分含量变化特征,为该区合理利用土地防治酸化提供科学依据。【方法】选取18个点位,采集水田及相邻的旱地和菜地,分析土壤pH、交换性酸、交换性盐基离子、有机质、阳离子交换量和养分含量的变化及其相互关系。【结果】碱性母质发育的土壤pH均显著高于酸性母质发育的土壤。酸性母质发育的水田改为菜地后土壤pH降低了0.48个单位;碱性母质发育的水田改为旱地和菜地后土壤pH分别降低了0.74和0.53个单位。双直线模型拟合分析表明,当水田、旱地和菜地的土壤pH分别低于5.88、5.78和5.63时,土壤交换性铝含量快速升高,且降低一个pH单位土壤交换性铝含量分别增加1.09、2.33和2.93 cmol(+)·kg^(-1)。酸性母质发育的水田改为旱地土壤有机质和全氮含量分别降低了11.06和0.42 g·kg^(-1),而菜地无显著变化;碱性母质发育的水田改为旱地和菜地后土壤有机质和全氮含量均显著下降,降幅分别为13.88—17.28和0.57—0.71 g·kg^(-1)。碱性母质发育的水田改为旱地和菜地后土壤有效氮含量分别降低了47.66和42.34 mg·kg^(-1)。两种母质发育的水田改为菜地后土壤全磷、有效磷含量均显著增加,增幅分别为0.41—0.48 g·kg^(-1)和26.79—28.69 mg·kg^(-1)。两种母质发育的水田改为旱地和菜地土壤全钾含量无显著变化;碱性母质发育的水田改为旱地和菜地后土壤有效钾含量显著升高,分别升高了36.69和65.76 mg·kg^(-1)。相关分析表明,土壤pH与土壤交换性钙和镁、阳离子交换量、有机质含量和全氮含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01);土壤交换性酸和铝与有效磷含量显著正相关(P<0.05),与土壤交换性钙和镁、阳离子交换量、有机质含量和全氮含量呈显著负相关(P<0.01)。【结论】酸性母质和碱性母质发育的水田改为旱地后土壤有机质、全氮含量均显著降低,而土壤全磷、有效磷含量呈增加趋势;酸性母质发育的水田只有改为菜地后土壤才酸化,而碱性母质发育的水田改为旱地和菜地后土壤均酸化;水田改为旱地和菜地后土壤硝化作用增强和盐基离子淋失增加可能是其酸化的主要原因之一。

珠江三角洲铊在水稻籽实-根系土间迁移及人体健康风险评价

铊(Tl)是一种典型的剧毒重金属元素,其环境行为及人体健康效应日益得到广泛关注,土壤Tl富集会对土壤环境、农作物生长及人体健康造成严重的危害性。珠江三角洲作为土壤重金属富集的典型区域,当前研究主要聚集于Cu、Cd、Pb和As等元素,而对土壤Tl的地球化学特征及其影响因素、生物富集能力及人体健康效应评价的研究较少。本文以珠江三角洲3种成土母质分布区的243套水稻籽实及其根系土样品为研究对象,揭示了水稻根系土Tl含量、生物富集特征及其影响因素,并采用美国环保署(US EPA)推荐的人体健康风险评价模型对研究区土壤Tl的人体非致癌健康风险进行评价。结果表明:水稻根系土Tl含量显著高于我国和广东省土壤Tl含量背景值,18.1%的水稻根系土Tl含量超过加拿大Tl环境质量标准值及瑞士农业土壤Tl标准值(1×10^(-6))。酸性岩浆岩与第四纪沉积物分布区水稻根系土Tl超标率明显高于陆源碎屑岩。水稻根系土Tl含量表现出与K_(2)O、Al_(2)O_(3)、Pb和Zn含量显著相关。综合分析认为珠江流域硫化物矿床风化剥蚀及开采活动是导致下游平原区土壤Tl等重金属元素富集的主要原因。全区20件水稻籽实Tl含量的平均值为0.35×10^(-3),均远低于德国食品安全规定的Tl可食用标准值,水稻籽实Tl生物富集系数主要与根系土Na_(2)O、Zn和Pb含量显著相关。每个样点的HQ值分级结果显示,研究区68%的儿童有中等健康风险,46%的成人有中等健康风险,儿童健康风险显著高于成人。

湘南丘陵区水田改旱地后土壤磷的有效性及淋失风险

【目的】研究不同母质发育的水稻土改旱地后土壤有效磷变化特征及主要影响因素,为红壤区磷素高效利用提供依据。【方法】采集3种母质(石灰岩、第四纪红色黏土和砂页岩)发育的水稻土及相邻的水田改旱地土壤样品,分析了土壤全磷、有效磷、水溶性磷和无机磷组分(Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P和O-P)的变化特征,通过主成分分析(PCA)和随机森林分析,探究水田改旱地后土壤磷素有效性变化的主要驱动因子。【结果】水田改为旱地后,石灰岩、砂页岩发育的土壤有效磷含量分别增加了20.48和17.60 mg/kg (P<0.05),但水溶性磷含量均低于磷素环境阈值;土壤磷活化系数分别提高了2.67和2.22个百分点;Al-P含量分别增加了46.07和51.28mg/kg;石灰岩发育的土壤Fe-P含量增加了62.11 mg/kg。相关分析表明,水田改旱地后,Fe-P、Al-P与磷活化系数呈显著或极显著正相关,PCA和随机森林分析结果表明Fe-P、Al-P是土壤磷素有效性变化的主要驱动因子。【结论】湘南红壤丘陵区水田改为旱地后,第四纪红色黏土发育的红壤磷素有效性未发生显著变化,石灰岩和砂页岩发育的土壤磷素有效性由于铁磷和铝磷在全磷中比例的增加而显著提升。3种母质发育的水田改旱地后,其水溶性磷含量均低于环境磷阈值,引发磷淋失的风险较低。

南方典型母质发育稻田土壤氨氧化细菌和古菌群落结构特征

依托中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站水稻土易地置土长期定位试验,以广东英利(YL,发育于玄武岩风化物)、江西鹰潭(YT,发育于第四纪红黏土)和湖南桃源古市(TYG,发育于河流冲积物)3种母质发育稻田土壤为供试土壤,采用常规土壤农化分析方法测得3种土壤的理化性质、硝化速率,并结合实时荧光定量PCR技术和Illumina MiSeq测序技术,分析了土壤氨氧化古菌(AOA)和氨氧化细菌(AOB)种群丰度及群落结构的异同。结果表明:土壤硝化速率除分蘖期外,均表现为:YT>YL>TYG。YL与YT土壤中AOA数量占主导地位,AOA/AOB比值分别在0.72~3.05、0.98~1.52;TYG土壤中AOB数量占主导地位,AOA/AOB比值在0.21~0.75。群落组成方面,不同母质土壤间AOA、AOB群落结构差异显著,3种土壤AOA优势菌属各不相同,AOB优势菌属均为Nitrosospira。冗余分析表明,pH和可溶性有机碳是造成AOA、AOB群落结构差异的核心因子。综上,在环境背景均统一的前提下,不同母质发育稻田土壤理化性质之间依旧存在差异,这种差异影响着氨氧化微生物AOA、AOB的丰度以及群落结构。

江陵凹陷古近系新沟嘴组下段原油芳烃馏分地球化学特征及油源对比

【目的】油气来源对比是油气勘探的基础,为扩大江陵凹陷油气资源勘探领域。【方法】基于前期饱和烃分析结果,利用色谱—质谱分析技术对江陵凹陷古近系新沟嘴组下段原油的芳烃馏分进行了分析研究,对原油来源进行了探讨。【结果】研究区原油可分为两大类:Ⅰ类原油取自万城断裂构造带和公安单斜带,其母源形成于一般还原环境并且水体具有一定盐度的半深湖相沉积环境,萘系列及三芳甾烷系列高碳数异构体比值体现其母质类型较好以及陆生高等植物输入较少的特点,该类原油整体处于成熟—高熟阶段,其中万城断裂构造带中的万13井和万12井和公安单斜带中的耀5井是高成熟原油,推测处于各自构造单元中最接近油藏充注点的位置;Ⅱ类原油取自荆州背斜带,成熟度低于Ⅰ类原油,母质类型以低等水生生物输入为主但相较于Ⅰ类原油接受了更多的陆生高等植物输入,形成于高盐度、强还原的深湖相沉积环境,且位于荆州背斜带中部及东南部的Ⅱ2类原油相较于荆州背斜带西北部的Ⅱ1类原油成熟度更低、陆生高等植物输入更多。【结论】万城断裂构造带的Ⅱ油组和Ⅲ油组为Ⅰ类原油的主要烃源岩,同时存在来自荆州背斜带Ⅰ油组的贡献,高的成熟度特征可能指示该类原油还存在除本文外的其他区域或层位的贡献;Ⅱ类原油主要来自荆州背斜带和万城断裂构造带的Ⅱ油组,同时存在荆州背斜带北部Ⅲ油组的贡献。

父母物质惩罚与农村青少年主观幸福感:链式中介效应

目的:探究父母物质惩罚与农村青少年主观幸福感的关系及物质主义和控制感的中介作用。方法:采用父母物质惩罚量表、控制感量表、物质主义价值观量表和幸福感指数量表对河南省某农村地区1081名青少年施测。结果:父母物质惩罚与物质主义显著正相关(r=0.11,P<0.01),与控制感和主观幸福感均显著负相关(r=-0.20,-0.11;P<0.01)。物质主义与控制感和主观幸福感均显著负相关(r=-0.19,-0.10;P<0.01)。控制感与主观幸福感显著正相关(r=0.42,P<0.01)。Bootstrap中介效应检验表明控制感在父母物质惩罚与主观幸福感之间的中介效应显著,效应值为-0.06;物质主义和控制感在父母物质惩罚与主观幸福感之间的链式中介效应也显著,效应值为-0.01。结论:父母物质惩罚既可以负向影响农村青少年主观幸福感,还可以通过控制感的单独中介作用和物质主义与控制感的链式中介作用影响农村青少年主观幸福感。

成都平原成土母质和农地利用方式对土壤剖面氮素分布的影响

揭示农地土壤剖面氮素分布特征及其影响因素有助于区域氮肥管理和氮素面源污染防治。基于173个土壤剖面的1356个采样数据,运用地统计学和方差分析方法,分析成都平原农地土壤剖面氮素空间变异特征,探讨农地利用方式和成土母质对土壤氮素剖面分布的影响。结果表明,在垂直方向上,0~100 cm土层全氮和碱解氮含量随土壤深度增加从1.91 g·kg^(-1)和138.48 mg·kg^(-1)分别显著降低至0.55 g·kg^(-1)和25.39 mg·kg^(-1)。在水平空间上,各土层全氮和碱解氮含量空间分布格局一致,总体呈现出由中部向东北部和西南部递增的趋势。稻-蔬轮作地和稻-麦/油轮作地各土层全氮和碱解氮含量之间均无显著差异,而园林地表层(0~20 cm)土壤全氮和碱解氮含量较稻-麦/油轮作地和稻-蔬轮作地2种方式低11.23%~15.78%(P<0.05)。就不同母质类型而言,与Q4灰色冲积物发育土壤相比,Q3老冲积物发育土壤0~40 cm土层全氮和碱解氮含量为其1.12~1.19倍(P<0.05),而>60~100 cm土层全氮含量仅为其0.89倍(P<0.05);Q4灰棕色冲积物发育土壤0~40 cm土层全氮和碱解氮含量为其1.14~1.21倍(P<0.05)。不同农地利用方式在Q3老冲积物发育土壤上4个土层全氮和碱解氮含量均无显著差别(P>0.05)。园林地的Q4灰色冲积物和Q4灰棕冲积物发育表层土壤全氮和碱解氮含量低于其他2种用地方式,而>20~40 cm土层土壤整体高于其他2种用地方式。以上结果说明土壤氮素剖面分布特征受农地利用方式的影响,且这种影响与土壤母质类型有关。

广东徐闻土壤中硒元素含量的空间分布特征及其影响因素

通过对广东省徐闻县113个农用地表层土壤样本的采集和分析,探讨该区域内硒含量的空间分布情况以及受到的影响因素。结果表明:该区域耕地土壤中硒元素含量在0.04~0.82 mg/kg,硒含量平均值为0.32 mg/kg;其中暗黄棕壤土壤中硒元素平均水平为最大,达到0.41 mg/kg;从地理区域看,位于南部的南山镇和与其相邻的徐城街道和城北乡硒平均含量明显高于其他乡镇地区,硒含量分别为0.51,0.41,0.42 mg/kg。不同母质类型的土壤中硒元素含量明显不同。滨海冲积物的平均硒含量最高,达到0.35 mg/kg,其次为玄武岩开发的耕地,平均硒含量为0.30mg/kg。综上,土壤类型和土壤母质可能是影响硒含量分布的重要因素。

东海盆地西湖凹陷B气田原油地球化学特征

基于B气田7口井的原油样品,利用气相色谱仪和同位素质谱仪开展了油气地球化学分析和研究。研究表明:B气田原油轻烃组成中正构烷烃含量低,富含异构烷烃和芳烃,指示B气田原油主要来源于陆源有机质;根据原油C_7化合物(甲基环己烷、正庚烷、二甲基环戊烷)组成三角图,原油主要来源于腐殖型母质,为湖湘油和煤成油的混源油;B气田碳同位素值在-27‰~-24‰,w(Pr)/w(Ph)为5.68~10.11,指示B气田原油形成于强氧化环境,是由煤系腐殖型有机质生成;利用庚烷值与异庚烷值对原油成熟度进行划分,属于低熟到成熟阶段。考虑西湖凹陷原油经历较为明显的蒸发分馏作用,原油的轻烃组分发生变化,结合Mango原油形成温度公式,计算出B气田原油的形成温度为129.6~132.0℃,进一步计算出原油成熟度在0.92%~0.95%,可以判断西湖凹陷原油处于成熟阶段。

川滇干热河谷区土壤容重空间变异特征--以滇中楚雄地区为例

土壤容重是土壤最重要的物理性质之一,是植被恢复、生态修复和估算土壤有机碳储量的重要参数。滇中楚雄州北部特殊的地理位置和独特的地形地貌特征组合形成了典型的干热河谷气候和非干热河谷气候,为探讨土壤容重变化影响因素提供了极好的自然条件。通过系统实测土壤容重,采用统计学方法拟合容重传递函数,探讨了研究区内土壤容重特征和空间分布规律。结果显示:研究区干热河谷区土壤容重高,果园对土壤容重影响深度最大,燥红土容重最高,容重传递函数中有机碳贡献最大。研究结果可为干热河谷区生态保护修复、土壤碳储量估算提供基础数据和理论支撑。

3岁以下婴幼儿亲子游戏材料的四级圈层管理体系建构研究

建构亲子游戏材料管理体系可以解决重复浪费,各自为政且无法共享的游戏材料现状问题。研究基于3岁以下婴幼儿教育工作实际需要开展,提炼出以儿童为本的“适宜+发展”“实用+留白”“共建+共享”建构理念,形成亲子游戏材料核心库、课程库、教师库、家庭库的四级圈层体系,达到资源整合、优势互补的成效,真正为亲子教育工作提供便捷,提升亲子游戏质量,提高教师工作效能。