Consolidation behavior of cement—and lime／cement—mixed column foundations

The consolidation behavior of mixed in place cement and lime/cement mixed column was studied. Consolidation of the composite foundation was modeled as a three dimensional axi symmetric problem. The authors used the finite difference method to obtain the pore pressure variation with time at any location below the surface. A computer program developed by the authors was used to draw some interesting conclusions about the consolidation behaviors of cement and lime/cement mixed pile foundation. Finally, a combined model including the permeability coefficients of cement mixed piles and soil, was studied and its feasibility was evaluated.

Mass Transfer and Axial Mixing Characteristics in a Coalescence-Dispersion Pulsed-Sieve-Plate Extraction Column

A new configuration of coalescence-dispersed pulsed-sieve-plate extraction column (CDPSEC) was developed, and the mass transfer and axial mixing characteristics were evaluated with the two-point dynamic method.The influence of operation conditions was discussed with experimental results, showing that the mass transfer performance of CDPSEC mainly depends on the energy input and the holdup of dispersed phase. Higher energy input results in higher holdup of the dispersed phase, the axial mixing of the continuous phase is suppressed, and the true height of mass transfer unit decreases markedly. On the other hand, higher energy input leads to more serious forward mixing of the dispersed phase, so the energy input should be limited. Accordingly the operation conditions were divided into two regions, and empirical correlations for predicting the mass transfer and axial mixing characteristics in different regions with a satisfactory accuracy were suggested.

Reliability assessment for serviceability limit states of stiffened deep cement mixing column-supported embankments

The reliability and deterministic analyses of wood-cored stiffened deep cement mixing and deep cement mixing column-supported embankments(referred to as WSCSE and DCSE,respectively)considering serviceability limit state requirements are presented in this paper.Random field theory was used to simulate the spatial variability of soil
cement mixing(SCM)material in which the adaptive Kriging Monte Carlo simulation was adopted to estimate the failure probability of a column
supported embankment(CSE)system.A new method for stochastically generating random values of unconfined compressive strength(qu)and the ratio(Ru)between the undrained elastic modulus and qu of SCM material based on statistical correlation data is proposed.Reliability performance of CSEs concerning changes in the mean(μ),coefficient of variation(CoV),and vertical spatial correlation length(θv)of qu and Ru are presented and discussed.The obtained results indicate that WSCSE can provide a significantly higher reliability level and can tolerate more SCM material spatial variability than DCSE.Some performance of DCSE and WSCSE,which can be considered satisfactory in a deterministic framework,cannot guarantee an acceptable reliability level from a probabilistic viewpoint.This highlights the importance and necessity of employing reliability analyses for the design of CSEs.Moreover,consideration of only μ and CoV of qu seems to be sufficient for reliability analysis of WSCSE while for DCSE,uncertainties regarding the Ru(i.e.both μ and CoV)and θv of qu cannot be ignored.

STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF ANNULAR SPACE WIDTH ON THE AXIAL MIXING IN PULSED-SIEVE-PLATE EXTRACTION COLUMN

1 INTRODUCTIONAnnular pulsed-sieve-plate extraction column is an unique extraction equipment that can beused to ensure critical safety in reprocssing of irradiated nuclear fuel,The study of this kind ofextraction column has been carried out and some results were published in resent years [1—9]. It is known that axial mixing is one of most important parameters effecting column be-

BREAKAGE AND COALESCENCE RATES OF DROPLETS IN KARR COLUMNS

Breakage and coalescence rates of droplets in reciprocating plate extraction columns were investigated bystep change in mixing intensity.Mean drop size was measured by laser light transmission technique combinedwith measurement of local holdup.Batch and countercurrent flow experiments with and without mass transferoccurring show that the dispersion mechanisms are different.The Monte Carlo simulation by digital computerwas used to treat the experimental data and models of breakage and coalescence rates were obtained.

Determination and Evaluation of Strength Characteristics of Dry Jet Mixing

Dry jet mixing (DJM) for soft soil stabilization has been widely used since 1980s. The quality and strength of stabilized columns are fundamental parameters to evaluate the stabilization work. This paper presents the standard penetration test (SPT) method and its test results on cement columns. It is shown that SPT is an effective and simple method for inspecting and evaluating cement columns. The strength characteristics along the length of the column, a good correction between SPT blow count and the unconfined compressive strength are achieved.

基于Column-and-constraint的鲁棒配电网重构实用算法

网络重构是配电自动化的重要功能之一,随着智能电网的迅速发展,也越发体现其重要性。但是负荷的波动性和随机性给传统的静态配电网重构带来了严峻的挑战,改进的两阶段鲁棒优化模型可以很好地解决配电网重构中存在的这一问题。第一阶段配置辐射状配电网络,第二阶段寻求满足需求的最优潮流。该策略采用Column-and-constraint实用算法,其主问题和子问题采用整数二阶锥规划算法(mixed-integer second-order cone programming algorithm)来解决。33节点、69节点等典型算例实验结果表明,即使在负荷不确定的情况下,鲁棒配电重构表现出比传统配电网络功率损耗低,可靠性高的特点。实验验证了方法的有效性和良好的计算性能。

Comparison between Composite Column Using Limestone and Basalt Concrete

This research is conducted to study the experimental behavior of composite steel-concrete columns with basalt additives. Various percentages of basalt are added to the concrete mixes to investigate its effect on the total axial compressive capacity of the columns. Expected failure scenarios of the columns are: concrete compressive failure, buckling of steel section, and de-bonding between steel and concrete sections. A conventional limestone composite column was used as base mix. The results of the study indicate a significant improvement in structural behavior and strength of the columns by increasing the percentage of basalt content.

Bioleaching of low grade nickel sulfide mineral in column reactor

Jinchuan 低等级镍(0.4%0.6% Ni，集体部分) 硫化物矿物质矿石包含氧化镁的一个显著地高的内容(30%35% MgO，集体部分) 在主要脉石矿物质在场。Bioleaching 被执行调查可行性由于它花去要求的相对简洁， eco 友好的操作和低资本处理矿物质。混合 mesophiles 从在中国从几个酸矿收集的酸矿排水样品被充实。认为氧化镁被酸答案和过多的 Mg2+ 容易提取将超过混合 mesophiles 的忍耐，三个有效工具被用来在 bioleaching 操作期间减少氧化镁的劣势。他们是混合 mesophiles 的改编改进忍耐；预先沥滤移开很可滤取的氧化镁并且周期怀孕沥滤答案的部分流血基于混合 mesophiles 的忍耐控制 Mg2+ 的水平。镍(90.3%) 和钴(88.6%) 的抽取成功地在沥滤的 300 d 以内被完成从用在周围的温度的一个列反应堆的 Jinchuan 低等级镍硫化物矿物质矿石的过程。

Solving open vehicle problem with time window by hybrid column generation algorithm

This paper addresses the open vehicle routing problem with time window(OVRPTW), where each vehicle does not need to return to the depot after completing the delivery task.The optimization objective is to minimize the total distance. This problem exists widely in real-life logistics distribution process.We propose a hybrid column generation algorithm(HCGA) for the OVRPTW, embedding both exact algorithm and metaheuristic. In HCGA, a label setting algorithm and an intelligent algorithm are designed to select columns from small and large subproblems, respectively. Moreover, a branch strategy is devised to generate the final feasible solution for the OVRPTW. The computational results show that the proposed algorithm has faster speed and can obtain the approximate optimal solution of the problem with 100 customers in a reasonable time.

HYDRODYNAMICS AND AXIAL MIXING OF LIQUIDSOLID SYSTEM IN OPEN TURBINE ROTATING DISC CONTACTOR

The open turbine rotating disc contactor (OTRDC) has been installed simply by adding three narrow strips to the lower surface of each rotating disc in the rotating disc contactor (RDC), so it can be used for the system with high solid particle content. Hydrodynamics and axial mixing have been investigated in a 0.152m diameter OTRDC of different compartment height for the system of tap water and quartz particles. A model has been developed to describe the flow of liquid and solid phases. The solid phase holdup can be calculated satisfactorily according to the model equations. Axial mixing data have been treated by the backflow model and the correlations for predicting backflow ratios of liquid and solid phases in OTRDC have been presented.

The Operating Performance of Stirred Column Reactor

A theoretical analysis of the effects of flow and mixing on the operating features of astirred column reactor(SCR)with multistage mixers and cooling partition plates was conducted.Amethod for calculating the concentration reduction for a second order chemical reaction in a SCRwas proposed.The reactants concerned were pre-mixed before feeding into the SCR.The SCR wascomposed of a number of stages with interstage backmixing.Experimental investigation with variousreaction media were carried out in order to study the effect of mixing on the operational performanceof the SCR.The experimental data were compared with the theoretical results.

Features of the motion of gel particles in a three-phase bubble column under foaming and non-foaming conditions

Features of the motion of gel particles in a three-phase bubble column with non-foaming and foaming gas–liquid systems,determined by using experiments of radioactive particle tracking(RPT),have been compared.The tracer used is a gel particle which resembles typical immobilized biocatalyst.The tracer trajectory is analyzed to extract relevant information for design purposes.The solid velocity field,turbulence parameters,dispersion coefficients,mixing times and flow transitions are determined and compared.The presence of foam significantly affects many quantified parameters,especially within the heterogeneous flow regime.The hydrodynamic stresses are reduced in the presence of foam,especially close to the disengagement.The dispersion coefficients also decrease,and the solid mixing time is only slightly affected by the presence of foam.Gas holdup,inferred both from RPT experiments and from gamma ray scanning,is higher for foaming systems and leads to a shift in the transition gas velocity towards higher values.

Flow mixing model of liquid phase in an internal airlift loop reactor

Residence time distribution (RTD) analysis of liquid phase was conducted in an internal airlift loop reactor (AL) and a bubble column (BC) with the tracer response technique. These data were simulated and compared through several flow mixing models. The modeling results of two-parameter model indicated that there were higher ratio of full mixing zones and lower ratio of bypass flow in AL than in BC. Then a completely mixed-plug flow parallel combined (four-parameter) model was established. Modeling results show that it is more precise and more obvious than two-parameter model.

An Approach to the Estimation of the Packing Efficiency by Considering Gas and Liquid Axial Mixings

To evaluate the influence of gas and liquid axial mixings on the separation efficiency of packed column, an approximate mathematical solution of HETP (equivalent height to a theoretical plate) under continuous operation has been proposed based on the mixing pool model. The mass transfer and hydrodynamic data of structured packing, Mellapak 350Y, obtained in a high pressure tower have been used to test the validity of the proposed model. Compared with the SRP model and the Gualito model, it is found that for high pressure distillation process the present mathematical prediction shows a mean relative error of about 10% to the experimental data,the accuracy of which is the same as that by the Gualito model but better than that by the SRP model.

Experimental study on geosynthetic-reinforced sand fill over marine clay with or without deep cement mixed soil columns under different loadings

Geosynthetics and deep cement mixed(DCM)soil columns have been widely used to improve soft soil grounds in many countries and regions.This paper presents an experimental study on a geosynthetic-reinforced sand fill over marine clay with or without DCM columns under different loadings.Two tests were conducted on the sand fill reinforced with fixed-end and free-end geosynthetics over marine clay under three-stage local loading to investigate the effects of the boundary conditions of geosynthetic reinforcement on reducing settlements.It is observed that the fixed-end geosynthetic sheet is more effective in reducing settlements than the free-end condition under identical local loading.Another test was conducted on the fixed-end geosynthetic-reinforced sand fill over the marine clay improved by DCM columns under single-stage uniform loading.The vertical stresses on the marine clay and on the DCM columns,as well as the tensile strains of the geosynthetic sheet in the overlying sand fill,were measured.The results revealed that the stress concentration ratio increases with an increase in consolidation settlements,and the maximum tensile strain of the geosynthetic sheet occurs near the edge rather than at the center of the top surface of the DCM columns.

Flow of gas-liquid-solid system and its application in packed flotation column

A packed flotation column, which is packed with multiple board ripple packings, was described. Based on comprehensive steady state models, chemical reactor developed previously in chemical engineering subjects, have been extended to packed flotation column for mineral separation. The experimental results verify that tanks in series model is better than axially dispersed plug flow model to describe flow pattern in the collection zone of column by RTD (residence time distribution), and the error of experimental data and calculated data of both models are 0.07% ～ 0.1% and 0.18% ～ 0.45% respectively. And, RTD of gas phase was also considered, results also show that gas in the whole column appears plug flow. The cleaning process through adding wash water in froth zone of column was described, and the effect of superficial air velocity and superficial wash water velocity on the cleaning action of froth zone were discussed. Flotation experiment for single column was conducted for phosphate ores. The recovery for P 2O 5 was 85.8%, and the grade was 26.8%.

外剥内扎术加内痔柱状缝扎悬吊联合痔科生肌散治疗环状混合痔的临床研究

目的探究外剥内扎术加内痔柱状缝扎悬吊联合痔科生肌散治疗环状混合痔的临床效果和安全性。方法选取2021年1月至2022年8月江苏省无锡市中医院收治的90例环状混合痔患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组(外剥内扎术加内痔柱状缝扎悬吊治疗)和试验组(外剥内扎术加内痔柱状缝扎悬吊联合痔科生肌散治疗),各45例。治疗后1、3、7 d,比较两组肛周疼痛和水肿评分,比较两组治疗前及治疗后2周肛门狭窄情况、血清炎症因子水平,记录两组不良反应发生情况。结果治疗后3、7 d,两组肛周疼痛和水肿评分均低于治疗后1 d,治疗后7 d低于治疗后3 d,试验组治疗后1、3、7 d肛周疼痛和水肿评分低于同期对照组(P<0.05)。试验组肛门狭窄率低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2周,两组肛门功能评分高于治疗前,且试验组高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后2周,两组白细胞计数、血清降钙素原水平均低于治疗前,且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验组不良反应总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论外剥内扎术加内痔柱状缝扎悬吊联合痔科生肌散治疗环状混合痔的临床效果较好,可在临床上推广使用。

多卡车与多无人机协同配送路径优化问题研究

随着智能物流业的飞速发展,卡车和无人机协同运输系统在业界的探索性应用越来越引起学界研究的重视.本文研究了多卡车多无人机协同配送问题,以最小化系统的总成本为优化目标,建立一个混合整数规划模型.为了求解该模型,本研究还设计了一种基于列生成的求解算法,以及基于变邻域搜索算法的加速算法改进策略,进一步缩短求解时间.本研究通过大量数值实验验证了所提模型的有效性和算法的有效性,另外还通过一些敏感性分析实验提出了若干对实践有指导意义的管理启示。

基于新型环保气体的断路器温升特性

由于SF_(6)断路器具有严重的温室效应,基于新型环保气体断路器的研究受到了广泛关注。现有关于新型环保气体C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的研究大多集中在灭弧、绝缘性能等方面,对其温升特性的研究不够深入,但是绝缘气体的温升特性对断路器的载流能力设计和运行状态监测具有重要意义。为探究新型环保气体断路器的温升特性,本文基于40.5kV瓷柱式断路器样机搭建了温升实验平台,并建立了电磁-热-流多物理场耦合的仿真模型,对断路器温升特性开展研究。结果表明:断路器灭弧室内温升呈左右对称、上高下低的阶梯状分布,热量主要集中在导体和内部绝缘气体顶部;灭弧室内流场分布较为稳定,导体附近的气体由于受热产生了自然对流现象,气体流速随着温度的升高逐渐增大,最大流速出现在喷口位置;在一定条件下,瓷柱式断路器的导体回路、瓷套管外壳和喷口等典型测点处的温升均随着负荷电流的增大而增加,且喷口和导体处的温度上升速率远高于瓷套管外壳;基于不同气体的瓷柱式断路器温升场具有相似的分布规律,其中C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体表现出良好的散热能力,且随着混合气体中C_(4)F_(7)N气体比例的增加,导体温升逐渐减小;各种气体环境下灭弧室内的流场分布也大致相似,气流速度与灭弧室温度和气体黏度密切相关。研究结果可为新型环保气体C_(4)F_(7)N在瓷柱式断路器中的应用提供理论依据,对新型环保绝缘气体在高压断路器温升方面替代SF_(6)具有重要意义。