Ecological risk assessment and early warning of heavy metal cumulation in the soils near the Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area,Henan Province,central China

The Luanchuan molybdenum polymetallic mine concentration area is rich in mineral resources and has a long history of mining.The environmental impact of long-term mining activities cannot be ignored.It is of great significance to study the ecological risk and the accumulation trends of heavy metals in the soil of mining areas for scientific prevention and control of heavy metal pollution.Taking the Taowanbeigou River Basin in the mine concentration area as the research object,the ecological pollution risk and cumulative effect of heavy metals in the soil of the basin were studied by using the comprehensive pollution index method,potential ecological risk assessment method and geoaccumulation index method.On this basis,the cumulative exceeding years of specific heavy metals were predicted by using the early warning model.The comprehensive potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the soil near the Luanchuan mine concentration area is moderate,and the single element Cd is the main ecological risk factor,with a contribution rate of 53.6%.The overall cumulative degrees of Cu and Pb in the soil are“none-moderate”,Zn and Cd are moderate,Mo has reached an extremely strong cumulative level,Hg,As and Cr risks are not obvious,and the overall cumulative risks order is Mo>Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb>Hg.According to the current accumulation rate and taking the risk screening values for soil contamination of agricultural land as the reference standard,the locations over standard rates of Cu,Zn and Cd will exceed 78%in 90years,and the over standard rate of Pb will reach approximately 57%in 200 years.The cumulative exceeding standard periods of As,Cr and Hg are generally long,which basically indicates that these elements do not pose a significant potential threat to the ecological environment.Mining activities will accelerate the accumulation of heavy metals in soil.With the continuous development of mining activities,the potential pollution risk of heavy metals in the soil of mining areas will also increase.

Combination of artificial zeolite and microbial fertilizer to improve mining soils in an arid area of Inner Mongolia,China

Restoration of mining soils is important to the vegetation and environment.This study aimed to explore the variations in soil nutrient contents,microbial abundance,and biomass under different gradients of substrate amendments in mining soils to select effective measures.Soil samples were collected from the Bayan Obo mining region in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.Contents of soil organic matter(SOM),available nitrogen(AN),available phosphorus(AP),available potassium(AK),microbial biomass carbon/microbial biomass nitrogen(MBC/MBN)ratio,biomass,and bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes abundance were assessed in Agropyron cristatum L.Gaertn.,Elymus dahuricus Turcz.,and Medicago sativa L.soils with artificial zeolite(AZ)and microbial fertilizer(MF)applied at T0(0 g/kg),T1(5 g/kg),T2(10 g/kg),and T3(20 g/kg).Redundancy analysis(RDA)and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)were used to identify the main factors controlling the variation of biomass.Results showed that chemical indices and microbial content of restored soils were far greater than those of control.The application of AZ significantly increases SOM,AN,and AP by 20.27%,23.61%,and 40.43%,respectively.AZ significantly increased bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes abundance by 0.63,3.12,and 1.93 times of control,respectively.RDA indicated that AN,MBC/MBN ratio,and SOM were dominant predictors for biomass across samples with AZ application,explaining 87.6%of the biomass variance.SOM,MBC/MBN ratio,and AK were dominant predictors with MF application,explaining 82.9%of the biomass variance.TOPSIS indicated that T2 was the best dosage and the three plant species could all be used to repair mining soils.AZ and MF application at T2 concentration in the mining soils with M.sativa was found to be the most appropriate measure.

Spatial prediction of soil organic carbon in coal mining subsidence areas based on RBF neural network

A quantitative research on the effect of coal mining on the soil organic carbon(SOC)pool at regional scale is beneficial to the scientific management of SOC pools in coal mining areas and the realization of coal low-carbon mining.Moreover,the spatial prediction model of SOC content suitable for coal mining subsidence area is a scientific problem that must be solved.Tak-ing the Changhe River Basin of Jincheng City,Shanxi Province,China,as the study area,this paper proposed a radial basis function neural network model combined with the ordinary kriging method.The model includes topography and vegetation factors,which have large influence on soil properties in mining areas,as input parameters to predict the spatial distribution of SOC in the 0-20 and 2040 cm soil layers of the study area.And comparing the prediction effect with the direct kriging method,the results show that the mean error,the mean absolute error and the root mean square error between the predicted and measured values of SOC content predicted by the radial basis function neural network are lower than those obtained by the direct kriging method.Based on the fitting effect of the predicted and measured values,the R^(2) obtained by the radial basis artificial neural network are 0.81,0.70,respectively,higher than the value of 0.44 and 0.36 obtained by the direct kriging method.Therefore,the model combining the artificial neural network and kriging,and considering environmental factors can improve the prediction accuracy of the SOC content in mining areas.

In-situ Elimination Effect on Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soil from the Mining Area by Ramie

[Objective] The aim was to study on in-situ elimination effect on heavy metals in soil of the mining area by ramie （Boehmeria nivea （L.） Gaud.）. [Methods] Based on Xiangzhu No.3 and Zhongzhu No.1, we conducted research on heavy metals contents of plants growing in soil of Qibao Mountain orefield in Liuyang, Hunan Province, and on characteristics of enrichment and transfer of heavy metals （Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn） under influence of the two ramie species. [Result] It was concluded that trend of Cu content in different parts of ramie was as follows： rootskinleafbone; trend of Pb was rootleafskinbone; trend of Cd was rootskinboneleaf; the trend of Zn was rootskinboneleaf. In farmland A （with low content of heavy metal）, for per square meter of plough horizon, effect of Zhong 1 on heavy metals transferring volume and the period for restoration of the soil into national standard one （Category Ⅲ of Environmental Quality Standard for Soil） have been concluded. Specifically, for Cu, the corresponding values were 3 404.44 mg and 8.59 y, respectively; for Pb, the values were 3 638.5 mg and 13.52 y; for Cd, the values were 720.48 mg and 1.49 y; for Zn, the values were 37 324.8 mg and 0.67 y. [Conclusion] Soil contaminated by Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in orefield can be rapidly restored by growing ramie.

Soil heavy metal(loid)s and risk assessment in vicinity of a coal mining area from southwest Guizhou, China

Total concentrations of arsenic, lead, cadmium, mercury, nickel, chromium, and copper in the soils from near a coal mine area in southwest Guizhou, China, were measured to evaluate the level of contamination, and the potential ecological risks posed by the heavy metals were quantitatively estimated. Results reveal that all heavy metals/metalloid exceeded the background values for soil environmental quality of heavy metals in Guizhou area. Geo-accumulation index(I_(geo)) showed that arsenic had the highest contamination level(I_(geo)=4) among the seven heavy metals/metalloid, and the contamination levels of mercury and lead were also relatively high(I_(geo)=3). Pearson correlation and cluster analysis identified that mercury, copper and arsenic had a relationship, and their presence might be mainly related to mining activity, coal and oil combustion, and vehicle emissions. Improved Nemerow index indicated that the overall level of heavy metal contamination in the studied area ranged from moderately–heavily contaminated to heavily contaminated level. Potential ecological risk index(R_I) analysis manifested that the whole ecological risk level ranged from high degree to very high degree(325.30≤R_I≤801.02) in the studied soil samples, and the potential ecological risk factors (E_r^i) of heavy metals/metalloid were as follows: Hg > As > Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cr, and the E_r^i of Hg and As reached very high risk grade.

Quality evaluation of land reclamation in mining area based on remote sensing

Several deficiencies exist in the present evaluation of land reclamation quality in mining areas.These include the absence of an established set of evaluation index systems and standard acceptance criteria,as well as the use of traditional sam-pling techniques,which are costly and in eficiency,and time-consuming.Compared with the traditional sampling survey methods,remote sensing has the advantages of a wide detection range,diverse information collection,multiple data-acquiring strategies,high speed,and short cycle.In this study,we used the Xinzhuang coal mining field in Yongcheng,Henan Province as an example to extract information and invert surface parameters using remote sensing techniques,based on national and local reclamation regulations and standards.Subsequently,using remote sensing,we constructed an index system for evaluating land reclamation quality in three aspects:reclaiming project quality,soil quality,and ecological benefits.Through the grading standards of evaluation indicators and quantitative remote sensing models,we determined the extracted information on the area of indicators,roads,ditches,soil moisture,organic matter,and ecological benefits after reclamation.Based on this,we established a quality evaluation model for mining land reclamation using an improved index and method.The evaluation units were divided,and the weight of the evaluation index was determined using the analytic hierarchy process and data envelopment analysis(AHP-DEA)method.The land reclamation quality in the study area was comprehensively evaluated,field accuracy was verified,and the results were analyzed.The results show that,except for the removal of roads,houses,and fishponds in the study area,all 13 evaluation units achieved a score of 60 points or higher.The quality of reclamation met the standards,and the evaluation results were consistent with the conclusions of the field investigation and project acceptance report,demonstrating the reliability and feasibility of the method developed in this study.The research results will provide technical support for the scientific evaluation of land reclamation quality.

Effects of mushroom waste on improvement of reclaimed soil qualityin coal mining areas

Restoring soil quality is the main evaluation norm of the reclamation. In order to reveal the effects of mushroom waste on the quality improvement of reclaimed soil in coal mining areas, the physical, chemical and microbial characteristics of soil are studied. The results show clear improvement in the soil after using mushroom waste. Because of human cultivation and fertilization, cultivated soil after reclamation exhibits high comprehensive quality and the index of quality of surface soil reaches 0.64 and 0.73. The average index of surface soil quality is as high as 0.52 and 0.54. In comparison, the quality of reclaimed soil of forest land is low, with average index of 0.40. The effects of mushroom waste are mainly on the surface soil in the first 2 years after the application. After that period, with the decomposition of mushroom waste, soil quality index tends to be the same as the original soil. The quality of surface soil is higher than that of subsoil, especially after the application of mushroom waste, at which point the soil quality reaches a peak at about 15 cm. Cultivated soil after reclamation has great variance in quality, after the coefficient of 24.74%. Mushroom waste can reduce such variation, particularly with long-term use. The variance efficient falls to 3.59% after 3-year application.

Investigating spatial and temporal variations of soil moisture content in an arid mining area using an improved thermal inertia model

Mining operations can usually lead to environmental deteriorations. Underground mining activities could cause an extensive decrease in groundwater level and thus a dramatic variation in soil moisture content（SMC）. In this study, the spatial and temporal variations of SMC from 2001 to 2015 at two spatial scales（i.e., the Shendong coal mining area and the Daliuta Coal Mine） were analyzed using an improved thermal inertia model with a long-term series of Landsat TM/OLI（TM=Thematic Mapper and OLI=Operational Land Imager） data. Our results show that at large spatial scale（the Shendong coal mining area）, underground mining activities had insignificant negative impacts on SMC and that at small spatial scale（the Daliuta Coal Mine）, underground mining activities had significant negative impacts on SMC. Trend analysis of SMC demonstrated that areas with decreasing trend of SMC were mainly distributed in the mined area, indicating that underground mining is a primary cause for the drying trend in the mining region in this arid environment.

Environmental Geochemistry of Heavy Metal Contaminants in Soil and Stream Sediment in Panzhihua Mining and Smelting Area,Southwestern China

Mining and smelting activities are the main causes for the in creasing pollution of heavy metals in soil, water body and stream sediment. An e nvironmental geochemical investigation was carried out in and around the Panzhih ua mining and smelting area to determine the extent of chemical contamination in soil and sediment. The main objective of this study was to investigate the envi ronmental geochemistry of Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Cu, Pb, Zn and As in soil and sediment and to assess the degree of pollution in the study area. The data of heavy metal concentrations reveal that soils and sediments in the area have been slightly c ontaminated. Geochemical maps of I\-\{geo\} of each heavy metal show that the co ntaminated sites are located in V-Ti-magnetite sloping and smelting, gangues d am. The pollution sources of the selected elements come mainly from dusts result ant from mining activities and other three-waste-effluents. The area needs to be monitored regularly for trace metal, especially heavy metal enrichment.

Quantitative analysis of biotechnical reinforcement for a steep slope consisting of composite coal-gangue-soil medium adjacent to a mined-out area

The engineering and geological characteristics of a steep slope consisting of coal gangue, rock and soil medium in Huating coal mine have been comprehensively investigated. Owing to humid weather, heavy rainfall, vegetation and porous characteristics of the soil and rock mass, the steep slope will be destabilized and induce mud-rock flow or derive hazard easily. Firstly, based on the classical slope reinforcement theory, some regularity between the shear and displacement in the destabilized zone of the slope with or without root strength contribution is presented. Then, based on the experimental and statistical analysis of root strength, hydrological characteristics and stability status, etc., some possible biotechnical techniques for reinforcement of the steep slope have been suggested. These methods are important for quantitative analysis of destabilization of the slope and design of the biotechnical reinforcement.

Constitutive model of disturbed soil-structure interface within mining subsidence areas

The characteristics of a disturbed soil-structure interface were studied based on the variation regularities of the disturbed soil within its mining subsidence area using direct shear tests.The effects of the initial moisture content on the shear strength parameters of the soil-structure interfaces were analyzed.The results indicate that the cohesion of the interface initially increased and then decreased as the initial moisture content increased.In addition,the friction angle of the interface decreased as the initial moisture content increased.A constitutive model of the disturbed soil-structure interface,a rigid-plastic model based on the initial void ratio and saturability(VSRP) model,was established based on the results.In order to validate this model,a finite element analysis of DRS-1 direct shear tests was conducted.The finite element model calculations coincided with the results of the DRS-1 direct shear tests.The proposed model also reflected the nonlinear features of the soil-structure interface.

Soil Erodibility Characteristics of Reclamation Area--A Case Study in Indonesian Coal Mining

Soil erosion is one of the most important problems in Indonesia coal mining reclamation area because located in tropical areas which has high average of rainfall. Severe soil erosion leads to the unsuccessful reclamation progress in the post mine surface due to impact on steep slope and limit of seedling establishment. Considering the impact of soil erosion in mining activities, Indonesian government had issued several regulations related to erosion control. Soil erodibility is one of the main factors controlling soil erosion. It will determine amount of soil loss and total sediment. Estimation of soil erodibility aims to determine the susceptibility of soil to be eroded by water. The estimation considers soil texture, percentage of organic matter, soil structure and soil permeability. This study was integration between field work to collect soil sample, soil laboratory analysis, soil erodibility analysis using erodibility equation Wischmeier and Smith （1978） and analysis to predict soil erosion/annual total soil loss. The results show that soil erodibility in study area was calculated to range from 0.091 to 0.142 tons ha h/ha/MJ/mm and soil erodibility of the study area was categorized as very low and low. There are strong relationships between soil erodibility and soil erosion but the correlation was not fully linier due to other factors controlling soil erosion / annual total soil loss.

安徽矾矿土壤重金属污染源解析模型对比与优选

矿区资源开采导致土壤污染日益严重,直接影响周边土壤、水体环境的稳定性,精准预测重金属污染源解析对矿山修复、治理具有重要指导作用。在前期研究基础上,为提升土壤介质模型的解释度,进一步选取了土壤重金属源解析评价中成熟度高且精准性好的正定矩阵因子分析法(positive matrix factorization, PMF)及绝对因子分析-多元线性回归(absolute factor analysis-multiple linear regression, APCS-MLR)模型,以充实前期UNMIX多元受体模型分析矾矿土壤重金属污染来源及源贡献率的结果,结合生态风险评价方法,对比定量条件下最适宜解析研究区域源的模型。结果表明:1)生态高风险区域主要集中在研究区南部和东部,Cd是矿山主要风险元素,地累积指数(index of geoaccumulation)均值3.75与潜在生态风险指数(potential ecological risk index)均值731.22解析结果高度一致,但潜在生态危害指数的结果综合性更好。2)对比3种模型的污染源解析结果,PMF模型解析出4个污染源:分别为燃煤源、自然-交通综合源、自然源和大气沉降源,源贡献率分别为38.15%、20.62%、24.28%、16.95%。3)PMF模型的总体变量拟合优度R2达到了0.96,拟合效果最好。PMF模型模拟数据会集中采样点误差,确定最适污染源数目及相应污染物贡献率,使得源解析结果更精准,更适用于复杂的矿山污染土壤情况,符合实际研究情况。该研究结果可为后续矿区开采后污染土壤的修复治理工作提供溯源依据参考。

高寒露天矿区渣土基质粒度组成及养分特征

以青海省木里与江仓露天煤矿区渣土为研究对象,采集了矿区渣土样品20个,未受人为扰动和污染的沼泽草甸土壤样品17个作为背景值。通过测试分析矿区渣土和沼泽草甸土壤的粒径组成,发现两个矿区渣土粒级组成与沼泽草甸土壤相同,含量由高到低依次为粉粒-砂粒-黏粒,但是在组成比例上存在差异,沼泽草甸土壤粉粒的含量更为丰富。根据土壤质地分类标准,木里矿区的渣土归属于粉壤土,江仓矿区的渣土归属于粉壤土和壤土,以粉壤土为主,沼泽草甸土壤兼具粉壤土与壤土的特性。同时,对矿渣土的pH、有机碳、全钾、全磷、全氮、碱解氮、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾等指标进行统计分析,结果表明两个矿区的渣土pH值偏碱性且有机质含量低,全量养分与沼泽草甸土壤存在差异,其中全氮的含量远低于沼泽草甸土壤,全钾的含量略高于沼泽草甸土壤。速效养分中的速效氮含量非常贫瘠,有效磷与速效钾的平均含量均高于沼泽草甸土壤,尤其是速效钾更明显。相关性分析显示矿区渣土的黏粒与所有养分均呈正相关,粉粒、砂粒与养分关系逐渐减弱,因此在土壤修复和重构过程中不仅要关注渣土养分的变化,还应该改善渣土基质粒径的结构比例,加速土壤熟化,完善土壤-植物-微生物体系,构建适应高寒矿区植被生长的土壤。

陕北煤矿区采动地裂缝对土壤抗蚀性的影响规律研究

采动地裂缝作为黄河流域中游陕北煤矿区最突出且典型的采动损害问题,引发的水土流失效应已经不容忽视。为了研究采动地裂缝发育对周边土壤抗蚀性的影响,以陕北煤矿区内宽度分别为0~10,10~20,20~30 cm的采动地裂缝为研究对象,采集周边水平距离80 cm以内,垂直深度40 cm以浅的土壤,测定了土壤水稳性团聚体、微团聚体、无机黏粒、有机黏粒、物理性质类等14个国内外学者普遍关注的用于量化表征土壤抗蚀性的指标,采用层次分析法、敏感性分析和因子分析相结合的方法甄选出陕北采动地裂缝发育区土壤抗蚀性的重要量化指标,构建了陕北采动地裂缝发育区土壤抗蚀性综合指数模型。结果表明:①综合层次分析法、敏感性分析和因子分析,甄选确定>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量、平均重量直径、<0.001 mm细黏粒含量、土壤团聚度、土壤有机质含量5个指标作为量化表征陕北采动地裂缝发育区土壤抗蚀性的重要指标;②采动地裂缝会降低周围土壤的5个土壤抗蚀性重要指标,其中>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量变化最为明显;③根据土壤抗蚀性重要指标,基于因子分析原理构建了陕北采动地裂缝发育区土壤抗蚀性综合指数模型;④采动地裂缝会降低周围土壤的抗侵蚀综合能力,且该效应随着裂缝宽度的增大和水平距离的减小而增强,当距采动地裂缝的水平距离超过170 cm时,采动地裂缝对周围土壤抗侵蚀综合能力的负效应基本消失,其可作为陕北采动地裂缝发育区土壤侵蚀防控的关键区域。研究结果可为黄河中游陕北矿区水土流失的精准防控提供科学依据。

干旱矿区利用夏季和上年秋季土壤种子库恢复植被研究

【目的】针对西部干旱矿区实际情况,探究该地区表土资源中土壤种子库的可利用性以及制约因素,筛选出有效的利用模式,为矿区植被恢复提供理论依据和技术参考。【方法】对内蒙古自治区乌海市新星矿区周边低扰动区域的表土在上年度10月(秋季)和当年6月(夏季)进行剥离,采用覆土厚度、补种量和每日灌溉量3因素3水平的正交试验对不同季节表土中土壤种子库萌发效果影响进行研究,并结合生态和经济效益,评选出适宜干旱矿区植被恢复的技术组合。【结果】(1)10月土壤种子库萌发植物数量为(83.72±10.88)株/m^(2),物种共出现20种,6月土壤种子库萌发植物数量为(44.83±8.96)株/m^(2),物种共出现13种。秋季土壤种子库密度和物种丰富度均高于夏季土壤种子库。(2)灌溉对秋季土壤种子库萌发影响最重要,其次是覆土厚度,最后是补种。3种因素对夏季土壤种子库萌发影响程度基本相同。(3)覆土厚度因素对两组土壤种子库的植被覆盖度、群落高度物种丰富度的影响显著(P<0.05)。灌溉量对两组土壤种子库萌发植物数量、植被覆盖度和群落高度的影响显著(P<0.05)。补种因素未对两组任何相同指标产生显著影响。【结论】干旱矿区排土场植被恢复最优实施方案组合:利用秋季剥离的表土,覆土厚度2 cm,补种量50粒/m^(2),每日灌溉量2 L/m^(2)。该结论可为今后矿区植被恢复提供技术参考。

高潜水位采煤沉陷区微塑料赋存特征及风险评估

为探明高潜水位采煤沉陷区微塑料污染赋存特征及其环境风险,选取安徽省淮南市春申湖、舜耕湿地公园两个典型采煤沉陷区为研究区域,采集了表层水体,底泥及周边农田土壤样品,采用体视显微镜、扫描电镜、红外光谱对微塑料尺寸、形状、颜色及丰度等赋存特征进行表征.结果表明:采集的样本中多为纤维微塑料和薄膜微塑料,类型主要以聚乙烯,聚丙烯为主,颜色以黄色和透明为主,粒径大多小于500μm.采煤沉陷区的地表水丰度范围为0.77~7.1pcs/L,沉积物微塑料的丰度范围为540~2800pcs/kg,周边农田土壤微塑料的丰度范围为380~2380pcs/kg.采用污染负荷指数(PLI)模型进行评估,地表水和农田土壤的风险评估都为于Ⅰ级,属于轻微污染,而沉积物中的微塑料风险评估为Ⅱ级,属于中度污染.

基于Meta分析的矿区周边土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价

本文基于2002—2022年期间,知网、万方、Web of Science数据库收录的矿区周边土壤重金属文献数据,采用Meta分析方法,探讨我国不同地区和矿种类别的矿山开采对土壤重金属分布特征的影响。同时,结合地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评估矿区周边土壤重金属生态风险。Meta分析结果显示,我国矿区周边土壤中镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pd)、锌(Zn)、砷(As)、镍(Ni)和铬(Cr)的浓度相较于土壤背景值,分别增加了820.7%、309.6%、158.6%、158.6%、146.0%、103.4%、24.6%和15%,其中,Cd和Hg增加量较多。从地区来看,中南和西南地区的矿区周边土壤重金属的效应值较大,其重金属浓度增加量分别为285.7%和180.1%,其中西南、中南和华东地区矿山周边土壤中Cd、Hg、Zn、Pb和Cu的含量增加较为显著,华北和东北地区的Cd和As、西北地区的Cd和Hg增加较为显著。从矿种类型看,铅锌矿、多金属矿、铜矿、金矿、汞矿、钼矿、锰矿、锡矿和包含石墨矿等其他矿种的周边土壤重金属浓度增加量为166.4%~617.1%,其中铅锌矿开采会使得Cd、Hg、Pb和Zn显著累积,金矿开采对As、Hg和Pb累积显著,铜矿、石墨、硫铁矿等其他矿种对Cd和Cu的含量累积显著,各类型矿对Ni和Cr的累积影响都很小。地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价结果显示,我国矿区周边土壤Cd和Hg地累积污染指数分别达到中等和轻微污染等级,且大部分土壤位点二者都具有高等级的潜在生态风险,因此,需加强矿区周边重点重金属Cd和Hg的污染防治。

煤矿矿区土壤重金属及多环芳烃污染治理修复技术综述

土壤重金属和有机物污染是当前许多煤矿矿区及周边地区面临的严重问题,威胁居民健康,要采取有效措施予以解决。在对煤矿矿区周边土壤重金属和多环芳烃(PAHs)来源及危害分析的基础上,发现重金属元素在自然条件下难以降解,导致其在生物体中累积,并且PAHs具有致癌性、致畸性和诱变性。通过比较物理化学修复、植物修复和生物修复等方法在治理重金属及PAHs污染土壤的优缺点,发现植物修复和生物修复对气候和环境的依赖程度高,物理修复成本和能耗较高,因此提出矿区周边土壤污染的修复技术需要进一步创新,实现多领域、多学科协作发展的观点。通过持续的技术创新和多种修复方法的联合应用,达到有效治理煤矿矿区及周边重金属和PAHs污染的目的,实现土壤的重新利用,进而实现环境保护与经济可持续发展的良性互动。