Antifungal efficacy of natamycin in experimental fusarium solani keratitis

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of topical administration Natamycin, which is produced by China, in an experimental rabbit model of Fusarium solani keratitis, to provide experimental basis for the application of clinical safety. METHODS: Fusarium solani was induced in the right eye of 30 New Zealand rabbits. Forty-eight hours after inoculation, the animals were divided into 3 different treatment groups, 10 rabbit eyes of each group: Group 1 (Natamycin) treated with topical Natamycin, group 2 (Natacyn) treated with topical Natacyn, group 3 (control) treated with topical saline solution. The eyes of each group was examined clinically with slit lamp using ulcer scoring system on day 4, 10, 15, and 21 for status of healing, corneal vascularisation, iritis, hypopyon and macular nebula. The findings were recorded on day 10 and day 21. RESULTS: Ulcer score on day 10, day 15, day 21: The score of Natamycin group are 1.45 +/- 0.16, 1.08 +/- 0.11, 0.70 +/- 0.40. The score of Natacyn group are 1.35 +/- 0.12, 1.10 +/- 0.12, 0.65 +/- 0.35. the score of control group are 1.30 +/- 0.08, 3.63 +/- 0.28, 3.80 +/- 0.16. Natamycin group and Natacyn group were different from control group (P <0.01). There is no difference between Natamycin group and Natacyn group. Status of healing on day 10 and day 21: The cure rate of the Natamycin group is 90% on day 10, and 100% on day 21. The cure rate of the Natacyn group is 80% on day 10, and 100% on day 21.Natamycin group and Natacyn group were different from control group (P<0.01). There is no difference between Natamycin group and Natacyn group. Corneal vascularisation, iritis, hypopyon and macular nebula on day 10 and day 21: in Natamycin group, the number of the eyes which have Corner vascularisation, iritis, hypopyon and macular nebula are 2,0,0,2. In Natacyn group, the number of the eyes which have Corner vascularisation, iritis, hypopyon and macular nebula are 1,0,0,2. In control group, the number of the eyes which have Corner vascularisation, iritis, hypopyon and macular nebula are 9,9,8,9.Natamycin group and Natacyn group were different from control group (P<0.01). There is no difference between Natamycin group and Natacyn group. CONCLUSION: Natamycin was found to be effective in fungal keratitis, similar to Natacyn, and it can stop the corner vascularisation, iritis, hypopyon and macular nebula to happen. Natamyin manufactured in China is effective against fungal keratitis, with esay availability and low toxicity in its use.

Land use change detection in Solan Forest Division,Himachal Pradesh,India

Background： Monitoring the changing pattern of vegetation across diverse landscapes through remote sensing is instrumental in understanding the interactions of human activities and the ecological environment. Land use pattern i the state of Himachal Pradesh in the Indian Western Himalayas has been undergoing rapid modifications due to changing cropping patterns, rising anthropogenic pressure on forests and government policies. We studied land use change in Solan Forest Division of Himachal Pradesh to assess species wise area changes in the forests of the region. Methods： The supervised classification （Maximum likelihood） on two dates of IRS （LISS III） satellite data was performed to assess land use change over the period 1998-2010. Results： Seven land use categories were identified namely, chir pine （Pinus roxburghii） forest, broadleaved forest, bamboo （Dendrocolamus strictus） forest, ban oak （Quercus leucotrichophora） forest, khair （Acacia catechu） forest, culturable blank and cultivation. The area under chir pine, cultivation and khair forests increased by 191 ha （4.55 %）, 129 ha （13.81%） and 77 ha （23.40 %）, whereas the area under ban oak, broadleaved, culturable blank and bamboo decreased by 181 ha （16.58 %）, 152 ha （6.30 %）, 71 ha （2.72 %） and 7 ha （0.47 %）, respectively. Conclusions： The study revealed a decrease in the area under forest and culturable blank categories and a simultaneous increase in the area under cultivation primarily due to the large scale introduction of horticultural cash crops in the state. The composition of forests also exhibited some major changes, with an increase in the area of commercially important monoculture plantation species such as pine and khair, and a decline in the area of oak, broadleaved and bamboo which are facing a high anthropogenic pressure in meeting the livelihood demands of forest dependent communities. In time deforestation, forest degradation and ecological imbalances due to the changing forest species composition may inflict irreversible damages upon unstable and fragile mountain zones such as the Indian Himalayas. The associated common property externalities involved at local, regional and global scales, necessitate the monitoring of land use dynamics across forested landscapes in developing future strategies and policies concerning agricultural diversification, natural forest conservation and monoculture tree plantations.

橡胶树速衰病的病原菌种类鉴定

橡胶树速衰病是云南植胶区近年发生的重要病害,引起橡胶树快速衰退后死亡。对云南主要植胶区进行速衰病调查采样及病原菌分离鉴定,根据病原菌的形态学、培养特征,以及ITS1/ITS4引物扩增获得ITS序列,鉴定其病原为可可毛色二孢Lasiodiplodia theobromae和茄镰孢Fusarium solani。

茄酮及其降解产物系列香料合成研究进展

对茄酮、降茄二酮、茄酸等茄酮降解产物的合成研究进行了综述，并对各种方法进行了评价．认为以异戊醛为起始原料的合成方法具有原料易得、操作条件相对简单的特点，是合成茄酮及其降解产物的较理想方法．

茄酸和茄酸乙酯的全合成研究

茄酸（Ⅰ）及其乙酯（Ⅱ）是烟草中重要的香味成分，对烟草加香有重要作用。本文在系统研究国内外合成路线的基础上，设计制定了一条以异戊醛为起始原料合成茄酸及其乙酯的新路线，依据设计的新路线，经大量的实验研究，成功地合成出了茄酸及其乙酯，产品经ＩＲ及^（１）Ｈ－ＮＭＲ证实，路线总收率茄酸为：４４． ３％，茄酸乙酯为：２９． ９％。

人参内生菌B69菌株抑菌活性物质产生条件的优化

目的探索人参内生菌B69菌株对根腐病的抑制作用,优化人参病害拮抗菌株B69的发酵条件,提高发酵液的活菌含量和抗菌活性。方法以B69发酵液对病原菌根腐病的抑制作用为活性指标,采用正交试验和单因素试验方法对菌株的最适发酵培养基成分及发酵条件进行优化。结果在最佳发酵培养基和培养条件下,经检测发酵液的活菌数含量为8.25×108 cfu/m L,较优化前的活菌含量1.82×108cfu/m L增幅达到了显著差异(P<0.05),此含量达到了农业部微生物肥料的技术标准(有效活菌数≥2.0亿/m L)。发酵液对人参根腐病的抑菌圈也由优化前的18mm增加到35mm。结论最佳培养基配方为蔗糖2.0%、淀粉1.0%、牛肉浸膏0.5%、酵母粉0.5%、蛋白胨0.2%和Na Cl0.5%;初始p H7.0;最适装液量为100 m L/250 m L;培养条件为35℃、170r/min振荡培养;接种量5%,发酵时间为48h。

茄尼醇萃取结晶提纯的实验及关联研究

茄尼醇(Sol)是一种不饱和的聚异戊二烯醇,属四倍半萜醇,具有较强的抗癌生物活性。由于茄尼醇的粘度很大、熔点低,无法用传统的方法分离纯化,针对其分离难问题,本文提出采用乙酸乙酯为萃取溶剂,甲醇为结晶溶剂,利用两级萃取结晶装置分离提纯茄尼醇。实验数据用最小方差法进行关联,用NEWTON-LAPUSON法进行迭代,实验及关联的结果表明5g茄尼醇粗品和20 mL乙酸乙酯充分混合均匀后,在30 mL甲醇中结晶,控制结晶温度为54℃,抽滤时间为40 min,可得到60%以上的茄尼醇粗品,本文工作为进一步试验研究提供了依据。

进境荷兰风信子种球中马铃薯黑胫病菌的分离鉴定

从进境荷兰风信子种球的软腐组织处分离到1株菌株5318,对菌株进行菌落形态观察、Biolog测定、PCR检测、序列比对、烟草过敏性实验和致病性测定。试验结果表明,菌株5318在NA培养基上菌落淡黄色,煎蛋状。Biolog测定的结果表明,菌株5318为Dikceya sp.。利用马铃薯黑胫病菌(Dickeya solani)特异性引物ds-f/r和探针ds-p对菌株5318的基因组DNA进行扩增,结果为阳性。菌株5318的rec A的序列与Genbank中D.solani的rec A序列(CP015137,KM405241)相似性为100%。基于dna X序列构建的系统进化树显示,菌株5318与D.solani聚在同一分支,亲缘关系最近。接种烟草叶片产生过敏性反应。创伤接种马铃薯幼苗、风信子幼叶,接种组织处出现典型软腐症状。根据以上测试结果,将菌株5318鉴定为马铃薯黑胫病菌(Dickeya solani)。

马铃薯早疫病病菌产生细胞壁降解酶的条件研究

为明确马铃薯早疫病病菌产生细胞壁降解酶的条件,采用液体培养基培养病菌。结果表明,病菌在改良的Marcus液体培养基中能产生多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、果胶甲基半乳糖醛酸酶(PMG)、纤维二糖水解酶(Cx)和β-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)细胞壁降解酶。其中,果胶酶(PG、PMG)的活性较高,纤维素酶(Cx、βG)的活性较低。病菌产生果胶酶的适宜条件为培养液初始p H为4.0,30℃持续振荡培养4 d,纤维素酶初始p H为5.0,25℃持续振荡6 d。