Open-circuit voltage analysis of p-i-n type amorphous silicon solar cells deposited at low temperature

This paper identifies the contributions of p-a-SiC：H layers and i-a-Si：H layers to the open circuit voltage of p-i-n type a-Si：H solar cells deposited at a low temperature of 125℃. We find that poor quality p-a-SiC：H films under regular conditions lead to a restriction of open circuit voltage although the band gap of the i-layer varies widely. A significant improvement in open circuit voltage has been obtained by using high quality p-~SiC：H films optimized at the ＂low-power regime＂ under low silane flow rates and high hydrogen dilution conditions.

Temperature Effects on the Electrical Performance of Large Area Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Using the Current Shunt Measuring Technique

The temperature effects on the electrical performance of a large area multicrystalline silicon solar cell with back-contact technology have been studied in a desert area under ambient conditions using the current shunt measuring technique. Therefore, most of the problems encountered with traditional measuring techniques are avoided. The temperature dependency of the current shunt from 5oC up to 50oC has been investigated. Its temperature coefficient proves to be negligible which means that the temperature dependency of the solar cell is completely independent of the current shunt. The solar module installed in a tilted position at the optimum angle of the location, has been tested in two different seasons (winter and summer). The obtained solar cell short circuit current, open circuit voltage and output power are correlated with the measured incident radiation in both seasons and all results are discussed.

AC Back Surface Recombination Velocity in n⁺-p-p⁺Silicon Solar Cell under Monochromatic Light and Temperature

Excess minority carrier’s diffusion equation in the base of monofaciale silicon solar cell under frequency modulation of monochromatic illumination is resolved. Using conditions at the base limits involving recombination velocities Sf and Sb, respectively at the junction (n+/p) and back surface (p+/p), the AC expression of the excess minority carriers’ density δ (T, ω) is determined. The AC density of photocurrent Jph (T, ω) is represented versus recombination velocity at the junction for different values of the temperature. The expression of the AC back surface recombination velocity Sb of minority carriers is deduced depending on the frequency of modulation, temperature, the electronic parameters (D (ω)) and the thickness of the base. Bode and Nyquist diagrams are used to analyze it.

Comparison between Amorphous and Tandem Silicon Solar Cells in Practical Use

Solar cells are now widely used as a clean method for electric energy generation. Among various type of solar cells, we compared the ability between amorphous and tandem (amorphous and polycrystalline) silicon solar cells by means of simultaneous running test. This kind of comparison is of importance practically, because the comparison of only inherent characteristics cannot include environmental parameters such as temperature totally. It was concluded that both types of solar cells provided almost the same energy for one year. The amorphous silicon solar cell provided more energy in summer while the tandem solar cell was advantageous in winter. It is due to the fact that the decrease in energy conversion at the higher cell temperature is more noticeable in tandem solar cells.

AC Back Surface Recombination Velocity as Applied to Optimize the Base Thickness under Temperature of an (n+-p-p+) Bifacial Silicon Solar Cell, Back Illuminated by a Light with Long Wavelength

The bifacial silicon solar cell, placed at temperature (T) and illuminated from the back side by monochromatic light in frequency modulation (ω), is studied from the frequency dynamic diffusion equation, relative to the density of excess minority carriers in the base. The expressions of the dynamic recombination velocities of the minority carriers on the rear side of the base Sb1(D(ω, T);H) and Sb2(α, D(ω, T);H), are analyzed as a function of the dynamic diffusion coefficient (D(ω, T)), the absorption coefficient (α(λ)) and the thickness of the base (H). Thus their graphic representation makes it possible to go up, to the base optimum thickness (Hopt(ω, T)), for different temperature values and frequency ranges of modulation of monochromatic light, of strong penetration. The base optimum thickness (Hopt(ω, T)) decreases with temperature, regardless of the frequency range and allows the realization of the solar cell with few material (Si).

Diffusion Coefficient at Double Resonances in Frequency and Temperature, Applied to (n+/p/p+) Silicon Solar Cell Base Thickness Optimization under Long Wavelength Illumination

The diffusion coefficient of the minority charge carriers in the base of a silicon solar cell under temperature and subjected to a magnetic field, passes in reso-nance at temperature (Topt). For this same magnetic field, the diffusion coeffi-cient of the photogenerated carriers by a monochromatic light in frequency modulation enters into resonance, at the frequency (ωc). Under this double resonance in temperature and frequency, the diffusion coefficient is used in the expression of the recombination velocity of the minority charge carriers on the back side of the base of the solar cell (n+/p/p+), to obtain, by a graphical method, the optimum thickness. A modeling of the results obtained shows a material saving (Si), in the development of the solar cell.

Three Dimensional Study of Spectral Response of Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells： Vertical Junction Frequency Modulation Scheme

In this paper, the modeling ofa bifacial polycrystalline silicon solar cells vertical junction is presented. The study in dynamic frequency is limited to wavelengths from 400 nm to 1100 nm. The dependence of solar cell spectral response on wavelengths for several modulation frequencies was evaluated by using solar cell internal quantum efficiency.The objective is to characterize the polycrystalline silicon in 3D. The effect of frequency modulation pulsation on the phase of internal quantum efficiency was presented as well as values of shunt and series resistance for various grains size values. The results show that the value of maximum internal quantum efficiency is about 50% with a wavelength of 0,82 nm and a frequency of 103 rad/s under monochromatic illumination.

Study of the Intrinsic Recombination Velocity at the Junction of Silicon Solar under Frequency Modulation and Irradiation

In this study, a method for determining the intrinsic recombination velocity at the junction of a silicon solar cell is presented. The expression of intrinsic recombination velocity at the junction was established under irradiation in frequency modulation. Based on this expression, an electrical model of the intrinsic recombination velocity at the junction is presented.

A.C. Recombination Velocity as Applied to Determine n⁺/p/p⁺Silicon Solar Cell Base Optimum Thickness

This work deals with determining the optimum thickness of the base of an n+/p/p+ silicon solar cell under monochromatic illumination in frequency modulation. The continuity equation for the density of minority carriers generated in the base, by a monochromatic wavelength illumination (λ), with boundary conditions that impose recombination velocities (Sf) and (Sb) respectively at the junction and back surface, is resolved. The ac photocurrent is deduced and studied according to the recombination velocity at the junction, to extract the mathematical expressions of recombination velocity (Sb). By the graphic technique of comparing the two expressions obtained, depending on the thickness (H) of the base, for each frequency, the optimum thickness (Hopt) is obtained. It is then modeled according to the frequency, at the long wavelengths of the incident light. Thus, Hopt decreases due to the low relaxation time of minority carriers, when the frequency of modulation of incident light increases.

Silicon Film Fabrication by Liquid Phase Epitaxy at Low Temperature

Low temperature liquid phase epitaxy of silicon thin films was successfully carried out at a temperature of (400～500)℃,using Au/Bi alloy as a Si-saturated Sn solution was used to protect the substrate surface,preventing effectively the oxidation of silicon.The grown Si thin films were identified by SEM,AES and C-V measurements.

Nc-Si Thin Film Deposited at Low Temperature and Nc-Si Heterojunction Solar Cell

This paper reported some results about intrinsic nanocrystalline silicon thin films deposited by high frequency (HF) sputtering on p-type c-Si substrates at low temperature. Samples were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared absorption, and ellipsometry. XRD measurements show that this film has a new microstructure, which is different from the films deposited by other methods. The ellipsometry result gives that the optical band gap of the film is about 2.63 eV. In addition, the n-type nc-Si∶H/p-type c-Si heterojunction solar cell, which has open circuit voltage (U oc ) of 558 mV and short circuit current intensity (I sc ) of 29 mA/cm2, was obtained based on the nanocrystalline silicon thin film. Irradiated under AM1.5, 100 mW/cm2 light intensity, the U oc , I sc , and FF can keep stable for 10 h.

银粉对硅异质结太阳电池用低温银浆的影响综述

银浆是硅异质结太阳电池的重要材料,更低的体积电阻率和接触电阻、良好的附着力、优良的细线印刷性能及组件栅线抗腐蚀老化是其不断改进的方向。作为导电相,银粉的性能和含量对银浆有着至关重要的影响。该文基于低温固化银浆导电机理以及SHJ电池对银浆性能的追求,综述了银粉的振实密度、形貌、粒径、表面处理剂及其与有机物的适配。进一步探讨了纳米银粉和银包铜粉在SHJ太阳电池用低温银浆中的应用。

废弃晶体硅光伏组件回收技术的专利计量分析

依托incoPat专利数据库,采用专利计量方法,分析废弃晶体硅光伏组件回收技术的专利申请趋势、主要技术来源国(地区)与目标市场、重点申请人与核心热点技术。专利申请主要集中于组分分离与回收装置的研发、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)去除、玻璃回收与湿法冶金等,涉及的技术工艺以机械法与热分解法为主。技术发展方向将聚焦于寻找低成本、高效率和高环保性的回收处理方式。对我国光伏回收领域的政策标准、产学研机制与海外专利布局等方面提出建议。

废旧光伏材料分离回收现状综述

随着“双碳”目标的逐步落地,光伏产业迅猛发展,有限的使用寿命使得仍含丰富资源的多晶硅太阳能电池(板)报废后产生大量固体废物,可能污染环境。多晶硅太阳能电池是由多组分粘合形成的整体,对其进行综合处理首先要去除封装材料乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)。常见的方法有热处理、机械处理、有机溶剂处理等。

温度对多晶硅太阳电池性能影响的研究

对商业用冶金级和太阳能级多晶硅太阳电池不同温度下的性能参数做了分析,验证了太阳能级硅电池的性能优势。实验结果表明,随着温度T的升高,开路电压V_(oc),最大输出功率P_m,转换效率η近似线性下降,短路电流I_(sc)近似线性上升,填充因子FF的实验值和理论值变化趋势一致,当T>40℃时,FF随T升高明显下降。对开路电压V_(oc)随温度T升高的线性下降速率dV_(oc)/dT进行定量分析。dI_(sc)/dT变化量与dV_(oc)/dT相比可以忽略。

常规太阳电池聚光特性实验

为进一步开发常规电池的聚光光伏系统,采用光强大范围可调的恒光强单脉冲太阳电池测试系统,对室温下聚光强度为1～10kW／m^2和恒定光强下15～110℃条件下常规太阳电池的特性进行了试验测试。结果表明,室温下常规太阳电池的最佳工作点电压V_m和光功率放大系数a随入射光强增加呈现先增后降的趋势,并且串联电阻小的电池下降速度慢,串联电阻大的电池下降速度快；温度对晶体硅太阳电池的工作电压和输出功率相当敏感；在严格控制太阳电池工作温度的条件下,串联电阻小的电池在较宽的聚光范围内可以获得良好的使用效果。

热退火对太阳电池用多晶硅特性的影响

对多晶硅片进行三步退火处理,用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)和准稳态光电导衰减法(QSSPCD)测硅片退火前后氧碳含量及少子寿命,并对单晶硅片做同样处理进行比较。实验发现:经三步退火后,多晶硅比单晶硅氧碳含量下降的幅度大,这表明多晶硅内部形成的氧沉淀多,其体内的高密度缺陷如晶界、位错等对氧沉淀的形成有促进作用。多晶硅与单晶硅少子寿命大大提高,可能是由于高温退火后晶体内部形成氧沉淀及缺陷的络和物可以作为电活性杂质的吸除中心,从而减少了分散的载流子复合中心,提高了硅片的少子寿命。变化趋势的不同与晶体内部结构有关。

航天器太阳能电池用硅橡胶粘结剂的低温性能

研究了航天器太阳能电池用盖片胶KH-S-A和底片胶KH-S-B在低温条件下的力学性能规律,发现在77～298K,随温度降低,两种胶的弹性模量呈线性增加,拉伸剪切强度明显提高,分别在113K和143K处出现最大值,为室温下的12.8倍和7.9倍。断口分析表明,拉伸剪切破坏在室温下表现为混合破坏,低温下表现为界面破坏。

太阳光伏阵列的温度与红外特性分析

反常的温度分布往往能反映设备的非正常运行状态。红外图像为有效测量物体的温度及相对温度分布提供了便捷的途径。本文分别从理论和实验上分析与验证了太阳光伏阵列在正常光照、遮挡、故障以及典型负载、开路、短路等情况下的温度变化及相应的红外图像,为进一步在大面积的太阳光伏利用中实现非接触式的在线检测与故障分析提供依据。

蓄冷降温式太阳电池组件的实验研究

根据太阳电池温度特性,研究通过工程热物理途径来提高太阳电池光电转换效率的方法,开发出新型蓄冷降温式太阳电池组件,利用夜间大气自然冷量吸收太阳电池热量,降低其工作温度。室外试验于07年10月～08年11月在广州地区进行,测试分析了该组件及对照组平板式太阳电池组件的温度—电能输出及转换效率特性。结果表明:与平板式组件相比,蓄冷降温式太阳电池组件工作温度大大降低,效率相应提高。蓄冷降温式组件最大温降达26.5℃,瞬时电能输出相对提高18%,全天电能输出增长14%以上。