Estimation of monthly global solar radiation over twelve major cities of Libya

This study aims to estimate monthly averaged daily horizontal global solar radiation.Measured climatological data collected at twelve major cities located across Libya’s map were used to establish 7 different empirical models.The empirical coefficients of the models were calculated using the least square method.The accuracy of the models was evaluated using different statistical criteria such as Taylor diagram,mean absolute percentage error,MAPE,and root mean square error,RMSE.The results indicated that the sunshine duration-based models are more accurate than air temperature-based models,and the best performance was obtained by the quadratic regression model for all twelve Libyan cities.Moreover,this regression model can be used for the prediction of monthly mean horizontal global solar radiation at a specific site across Libya’s regions with minimum error.Furthermore,the results of the global solar irradiance produced by this method can be used for designing solar systems applications.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in context with the paradigm―month of birth and longevity

Time and environmental physical activity are involved in timing of many medical events. In a recent study published by the National Academy of Science, USA it was shown that month of birth is related to longevity. The aim of this study was to check the month of birth distribution in a great group of AMI patients of both gender, one of the great killers in the developed countries, to check the mentioned paradigm of month of birth and longevity. Methods & Patients: Patients admitted to Cardiology Departments of a tertiary University Hospital in Kaunas, Lithuania with AMI at years 1990-2010 (n-22047) were studied. Month of birth of these patients, total and both gender were checked. Monthly, quarterly and trimester comparison were done. Statistical differences established using t-Student test and distribution by percents of the yearly months of birth. Results: It was a significant difference in the month of birth of the studied AMI population. January and first quarter and trimester born patients were more often in the studied AMI patients group. The higher morbidity by Cardiovascular diseases can be a significant ingredient in the structure of population longevity. Possible mechanisms explaining our findings are discussed. Conclusion: In the AMI population people born in January, first quarter or trimester of the year are dominating in both gender groups. The results of this study can be an additional confirmation of the paradigm about links between month of birth and longevity.

Introduction of a New Cycle in Replacement of Metonic: An Ideal Solution towards a Deviation Free Luni-Solar Calendar

Molad is simply an interval between two successive new moon timelines with respect to the line joining the Sun and the Earth i.e., with respect to the Sun as seen from the Earth, which in scientific terms is referred as lunation or “synodic lunar month”. Though synodic lunar month may vary by up to ±0.7 days locally, the length of mean synodic lunar month is constant over a long period of time and is a crucial value in determining the luni-solar calendar’s new months similar to Hebrew calendar’s “Rashei Hodesh”. Based on the Metonic cycle the luni-solar Hebrew calendar adds 07 intercalary months in 19 solar years. This hypothesis proposes a new cycle instead of the Metonic cycle towards eliminating the deviation of the calendar incurred in the long course of time. The research analyzed that application of the conventional Metonic cycle to luni-solar calendar is erroneous, which theoretically leads Hebrew calendar to absorb extra 11 days (approx.) by 2053 years after inception. The study pointed out that through the application of 2116 - 2053 lunar-solar years cycle instead of 235 - 228 lunar-solar months based Metonic cycle, formulation of a far better high precession luni-solar calendar is possible and also both lunar and solar sides of the luni-solar calendar became fully balanced and harmonized.

十杆测日影的一种方法

彝文文献《滇彝天文》记述,十月太阳历的创立是以观测天象为基础,其中一种方法是立10颗杆子测日影和斗柄,确定年长度、两至点及两分点。本文对10颗杆子相对位置及作用进行讨论,并采用现代实测的有关数据,定量计算出3个观测点必备的条件。

十月太阳历法对《黄帝内经》时脏相关理论体系构建的影响

立足于《黄帝内经》原文,从干支学说、十月太阳历法在原文中应用的痕迹、对五行时脏相关理论构建的影响进行梳理,结合天文学、历法学、气象学、物候学等多学科研究方法,探讨《黄帝内经》时脏相关理论范畴发生的知识背景,参考哲学、考古学、历史学等学科研究成果,运用发生学、分析与综合相结合的研究方法,解析十月太阳历法要素在《黄帝内经》时脏相关理论体系构建中的作用和影响。通过对《黄帝内经》相关文本的分析与整理,发现其蕴含的天文律历要素主要包括天干纪月、一年360日、五行各治72日等学说,在其影响下逐渐形成了五行时脏相通的哲学观念、象数的思维方式、推类的逻辑方法,可以推断十月太阳历法对《黄帝内经》五行时脏相关理论的构建具有重要意义。

彝族毕摩文献中的十月太阳历研究

彝族十月太阳历作为古老悠久的历法,有着显著的特点和广泛的影响。彝族毕摩文献中,十月太阳历的"年、季、月、日、时"有其自身的命名方式和内在蕴涵,并能有机地融为一体,形成独特的认知结构和思维方法,十个"库久"、十个"肯肯"、十个"吉禄"和十个方位更是凸显出其深邃的文化意蕴。

云南地区太阳紫外直接辐射的计算

文章通过对有关资料的分析 ,选取了一种对紫外直接辐射的比较合理的气侯学计算方法[1] 。再结合云南四个地区——昆明、腾冲、河口、景洪的逐年各月总太阳辐射量和散射辐射量实测记录值 ,分别计算了它们水平面上紫外直接辐射量的定时月平均值 ,再按梯形法计算出月平均日总量。

“岁亦阳止”之“阳”字考

《诗·小雅·采薇》中“岁亦阳止”之“阳”字 ,多释为夏历十月。实际上 ,夏历十月非阳月之属而为阴月之属。句中“阳”应作温暖讲 ,有训诂上的依据 ,从诗中“薇”菜的生长规律看也顺理成章。

基于线性方法的内蒙古地区太阳总辐射月均值估算

探讨了内蒙古地区太阳总辐射月均值与日照百分率的关系,基于5个气象站1996—1998年连续3 a的月日照时数(n)和太阳总辐射值(R_s)。计算得到Angstrom方程的系数a和b,与和清华等拟合得到的中国西部太阳总辐射公式中的a=0.185,b=0.595,比较一致。同时,R_s和n之间的直接线性关系,R与月平均温度(T)之间的直接线性关系也能用来估算太阳总辐射月均值,总均方根误差约为80 MJ·m^(-2)/month,总百分比误差约为18%。

基于逐月辐射的光伏系统容量计算优化分析

文章分析了以年平均太阳辐射计算光伏系统容量,对月奇异辐射考虑不周而影响系统容量与可靠性的缺点,提出了以系统电压为起点,以电池组件工作于最佳电流为标准,基于当地逐月太阳辐射参数,确定电池组件工作电流,参考流行电池组件的最佳工作电流,并利用数值分析方法进行优化分析与处理,从而形成系统的最优容量,同时以某海岛光伏系统的设计为例,对提出的方法可行性进行了验证。

春秋日食考补遗

对“春秋日食三十七事”

古代农时节令谚的文化考察

农时节令谚,是中国古代劳动人民关于季节、气候、物候变化在农事活动的经验积累和智慧结晶的概括和总结,这些谚语满足千家万户在农耕、渔猎、外出等方面的需求。这些古代劳动人民看天经验的总结,主要体现在天象占验、节令占验、月令占验、其他杂占四个方面;这些农时节令谚不仅是中国久远的农耕文化和文明的见证,也是我国古代气象科学的辉煌成就。时至今日,这些广泛流传于南方稻作区的农时节令谚,仍具有科学实践应用价值和指导意义。

中国历代日月交食周期的研究

中国自西汉至南宋共使用了２９个日月交食周期，如重复不计，实有２２个周期。计算交食周期的方程式通常有下列六式：（１）半食年／朔望月＝会月／会率，（２）半食年／回归年＝会岁／会率，（３）食年／朔望月＝会月／朔望合数（交率），（４）食年／回归年＝会岁／朔望合数（交率），（５）交点月／朔望月＝会月／交数，（６）食年／交点月＝交数／交率。中国古代以“大衍求一术”计算交食周期，与近代用连分数法算得的结果完全相同。经验算，绝大部分交食周期十分准确、密近。本文还对王充（甲）、（乙）、（丙）三周期以及中西交食周期的雷同进行了探讨。

浅谈二十四节气与农历的协调及影响

二十四节气结合物候的演变，反映季节变化，用来指导农事活动。农历既体现月相循环，又以回归年为标准安排平年和闰年。在十九年中安插七个不含中气的闰月，就可以把二十四气和农历协调起来，这对人们社会生活、生产产生了深远影响。

时间的移植与匿名——华夏重日节俗的象数土壤及其历法变形

根据传统重日岁时的主体、普遍、系统特点,能够确认它们的本土和原始性质,并溯及其象数土壤。而原始十月历与后来农历的时间错位,能够为多数传统节日的由来提供解释:随着农历取十月历而代之,重日祭仪通过两种变形途径出现在农历中:一是整体摹仿,即移植重日节俗于农历同名日子;二是个别匿名,即在维持十月历时间的同时,部分重日匿名为农历对应日子的名称,如"二月八"、"八月十五"等。

Time of Conception and Birth-Relation of “Big Killers” Patients and Longevity

In recent years some interrelationships between time of birth and longevity were published. Concomitant publications appeared demonstrating links between Space Weather and the timing of medical events;in part of both these studies it was shown that Space Weather indices are stronger connected with the time of conception as with the birth time. The aim of these study was to consider birth and conception month of patients suffering from a number of “big killer” pathologies, affecting human longevity and comparing with published data on centenarians—100 - 112 years old persons in the USA. Patients and Methods: We included monthly births distribution of our four papers including patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)—n-3765, and admitted in another tertiary medical facility for AMI—n-22,047, and, also patients suffering Rapid—n-1239 and Sudden Cardiac Death—n-327 and, also, patients with oncologic malignancies—n-44587. At all in this group 71,965 patients were included. Their birth and conception months were compared with analogical data of 1574 people of 100 - 112 years old using data of L.A. and N.S. Gavrilov for USA centenarians. Results: The birth months of the cardiovascular and oncology patients were maximal in January, March and April (above 10% at each of these months);their conception was maximal in April, June and July. The monthly distribution of conception and birth of the studied population is presented in Tables 1-3. The maximal birth months of the centenarians were November, September, and October;the maximal conception months were December, January, and February. Conclusion: People suffering Myocardial Infarction, Sudden Cardiac Death and Oncologic Malignancies are in higher numbers born in the first four months of the year and conception in April, June and July. The maximal birth months of the very old people were November, September and October and conception were December, January and February.

《三国史记》干支纪日考

《三国史记》新罗、高句丽、百济三国的纪年以中原王朝帝王纪年为准,采用干支纪年,纪日采用干支纪日。《三国史记》共有76条干支纪日,其中50条干支纪日是准确的,另外26条干支纪日出现了误差。误差情况主要分为四类:一是中国史籍记载正确,《三国史记》抄录致误;二是中国史籍记载有误,《三国史记》照录致误;三是中国史籍记载有正有误,《三国史记》抄录有误、记载致误;四是中国史籍无记载,《三国史记》自己致误。《三国史记》干支纪日的研究关联到《三国史记》日食等天象记录和相关史实的正误。