Dynamic modeling and simulation of deploying process for space solar power satellite receiver

To reveal some dynamic properties of the deploying process for the solar power satellite via an arbitrarily large phased array （SPS-ALPHA） solar receiver, the symplectic Runge-Kutta method is used to simulate the simplified model with the consideration of the Rayleigh damping effect. The system containing the Rayleigh damping can be separated and transformed into the equivalent nondamping system formally to insure the application condition of the symplectic Runge-Kutta method. First, the Lagrange equation with the Rayleigh damping governing the motion of the system is derived via the variational principle. Then, with some reasonable assumptions on the relations among the damping, mass, and stiffness matrices, the Rayleigh damping system is equivalently converted into the nondamping system formally, so that the symplectic Runge-Kutta method can be used to simulate the deploying process for the solar receiver. Finally, some numerical results of the symplectic Runge-Kutta method for the dynamic properties of the solar receiver are reported. The numerical results show that the proposed simplified model is valid for the deploying process for the SPS-ALPHA solar receiver, and the symplectic Runge-Kutta method can preserve the displacement constraints of the system well with excellent long-time numerical stability.

Attitude Control of a Flexible Solar Power Satellite Using Self-tuning Iterative Learning Control

This paper proposes a self-tuning iterative learning control method for the attitude control of a flexible solar power satellite,which is simplified as an Euler-Bernoulli beam moving in space.An orbit-attitude-structure coupled dynamic model is established using absolute nodal coordinate formulation,and the attitude control is performed using two control moment gyros.In order to improve control accuracy of the classic proportional-derivative control method,a switched iterative learning control method is presented using the control moments of the previous periods as feedforward control moments.Although the iterative learning control is a model-free method,the parameters of the controller must be selected manually.This would be undesirable for complicated systems with multiple control parameters.Thus,a self-tuning method is proposed using fuzzy logic.The control frequency of the controller is adjusted according to the averaged control error in one control period.Simulation results show that the proposed controller increases the control accuracy greatly and reduces the influence of measurement noise.Moreover,the control frequency is automatically adjusted to a suitable value.

Study on Multi-Rotary Joints Space Power Satellite Concept

The Space Power Satellite(SPS) would be a huge spacecraft capturing the power of solar radiation in space and to supply electric power to the electric grid on the ground. The SPS concept was proposed by Dr. Peter Glaser in 1968. SPS have been studied now for exactly fifty years by many scientists in various countries. It has been regarded as one of the most promising energy projects of the future and has been attracting more attention in recent years. More and more Chinese scholars and experts are paying attention to the development of SPS. Due to the huge size, immense mass and high power of such a satellite system, there are many technical difficulties which exist to realize SPS. In this paper, recent SPS research and development activities are reviewed first. Various SPS concepts are analyzed and compared. The primary scheme of the Multi-Rotary joint SPS(MR-SPS) is described. The main feature is that the huge solar array comprising many separate small solar sub-arrays and each solar sub-array has two middle power rotary joints. So, the most challenging technology, the high-power rotary joint, is simplified by using many middlepower rotary joints hence the possibility of a single-point failure of a single rotary joint is avoided. This enables easy assembly of the modular solar arrays. Finally some key technologies of MR-SPS are analyzed.

Study of factors influencing the occurrence rate of 60 Hz power line radiation in the topside ionosphere:A systematic survey using the CSES satellite

We analyze the topside ionosphere power line radiation(PLR)at 60 Hz over the US using electric field data collected by CSES satellite between January 2019 and December 2022.The study aimed to further investigate the month-to-month variation characteristic of PLR occurrence rate observed by satellite and its several influencing factors,including solar radiation,lightning activity,and try to clarify the influence of electricity consumption.The results show that the solar radiation(solar zenith angle and F10.7)plays a major role in the variation of the PLR occurrence rate,and that there is no direct connection with the number of lightning.For the relationship between PLR occurrence rate and electricity consumption,the low occurrence rate associated with decreased weekend electricity consumption was not observed in the US.However,there is a significant difference in PLR occurrence rate between the East and West Coasts of the US at the same latitude during the same time period,suggesting that the significant difference in PLR occurrence rate is caused by the significant difference in electricity consumption between the two coasts.After excluding the effect of solar radiation on PLR occurrence rate,we concluded that only a significant difference in regional electricity consumption could lead to a corresponding change in PLR occurrence rate detected by the Low-Earth-Orbit satellite.Finally,we also found there is seasonal variation in the diurnal differences of the PLR occurrence rate caused by seasonal variation of the lower ionosphere.

Microwave Power Transmission for Space-Based Solar Power (MPT-SBSP)

This paper examines the definition of MPT-SBSP and implementation model of such technology.It surveys the latest development and affirms the feasibility and a bright future of this technology,emphasizing the existing issues must be solved by more educated individuals and organizations for the early realization of this"beyond-the-realm-of-cost"technology.Because once this technology is successfully applied in large-scale,humans won’t have to worry about the energy crisis in the future.

MW级SPS微波能量传输系统微波源相位误差的影响分析

以多旋转关节空间太阳能电站(SPS)为应用系统,介绍了MW级SPS微波能量传输系统顶层设计参数。针对微波功率源相位误差对微波能量传输的影响问题,建立了分析模型,提出分析方法,并从波束收集效率下降容限的角度,用一维模型对百米量级能量发射阵列进行了分析,据此给出了对大规模微波源相位误差的要求,为MW级SPS的微波能量传输系统设计提供指导。

卫星太阳电池阵峰值温度控制方法与在轨验证

针对体装式太阳电池阵在轨工作温度过高会引起焊点和电池串互连片失效,导致部分太阳电池串开路的问题,提出了一种闭环调节主动负载来控制卫星太阳电池阵峰值温度的方法.通过闭环调节增加或减少负载功率的方式,避免出现太阳电池阵分流或开路,让太阳电池阵尽可能多发电,使得太阳电池阵吸收的能量以电能的方式尽可能多地转移出去,达到降低太阳电池阵在轨峰值温度的目的.给出了太阳电池阵峰值温度控制方法及澳门科学一号A卫星在轨验证情况,太阳电池阵在轨峰值温度下降16℃左右,验证了该方法可行.

3D打印在大规模空间建造中的应用

3D打印作为代表国家航天实力的重要技术之一,在太空事业的发展中扮演着至关重要的角色。通过利用空间3D打印技术,我们能够摆脱地面制造带来的约束与限制,从而降低在地球上进行预制并将其运送到太空的成本和风险,为未来开展多样化、超大尺寸的空间结构提供了新的机会。3D打印技术可以在太空中直接制造出大型天线结构和太阳能电站,从而不再受限于地面制造的大小和重量,这将为太空资源的利用和未来太空探索提供更加灵活、高效的解决方案。文章阐述了空间3D打印技术的起源及发展背景,围绕其在太空环境的应用情况分别讨论了国内外开展空间3D打印技术在轨制造、构建大型空间结构以及星球基地等方面的研究进展;明确了相关技术在当前发展中的主要特点及问题,并阐述了其未来的发展方向;最后结合当前各国技术的发展和研究成果,提出了中国未来在太空中构建大规模空间天线和空间太阳能电站的研究设想,为我国太空3D打印技术在轨制造应用提供了借鉴和指引。

Distributed vibration control of a large solar power satellite

To deal with the vibration problem of the solar power satellite(SPS),the distributed vibration control approach is investigated in this paper.Taking the Multi-Rotary joints SPS as the research objective,the control unit(CU)and the location relationship matrix are rstly de ned for distributed controller design according to the con guration of SPS.The dynamic model of each CU is therefore established based on the nite element method.The dynamic model of the whole SPS structure is then developed using the CU models,and is updated along with on-orbit assembly.The distributed cooperative controller,using proportional and di erential feedback and the interaction feedback among adjacent CUs,is proposed to suppress vibration.The close-loop distributed cooperative control system is then achieved by integrating all distributed controllers,and the asymptotic stability is proofed by the Lyapunov's stability theorem.To verify the feasibility of the proposed control system,three numerical cases are nally presented.The results demonstrate that the distributed cooperative controllers can e ectively suppress vibration during on-orbit assembly and operation after assembly,and the closed-loop system has good fault tolerance.

模块化多旋转关节空间太阳能电站方案设计

文章基于多旋转关节空间太阳能电站(MR-SPS)方案,以降低远距离高压电力传输技术难度为核心,提出一种更新的模块化多旋转关节空间太阳能电站概念。该方案在分布式太阳电池分阵和多导电旋转关节基础上,对于微波发射天线阵也进行了模块化设计和分布式布局,实现了太阳电池分阵和微波发射天线分阵的一一对应,形成多个独立的太阳能发电与能量传输模块,通过模块的扩展实现整个空间太阳能电站。该方案大幅简化了空间电力传输与管理的复杂性和在轨组装的难度。同时各个模块完全独立,组装后即可单独工作,也提高了系统的可靠性。

Tsinghua-1 Micro-Satellite Power System Architecture and Design

The Tsinghua 1 Micro satellite, the first satellite made by Tsinghua University, was launched in 2000. The power system of the Tsinghua 1 Micro satellite is one of the most important subsystems. It provides all the power for the satellite platform and the payloads. The power system design includes the regulation, protection and distribution of a 4×35 W solar array and 7 Ah NiCd batteries. This subsystem essentially offers two buses: an unregulated 14 V bus and a regulated 5 V bus. All distributed power lines to the users are protected by current tripping switches. In addition, some essential loads, such as the tele command system, are supplied through fuses. The Tsinghua 1 Micro satellite power system provides an efficient, flexible, reliable, and cost effective solution for small satellites in low earth orbit. A better maximum power point tracking method has been used to increase reliability margins and to increase the efficiency of the power system. The power system reliability was evaluated using several different tests, such as the power board test, the assembly integrate test (AIT), the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) test and the thermal vacuum test (TVT).

多旋转关节空间太阳能电站概念方案设计

对于国际上典型的空间太阳能电站概念方案进行了分析,在此基础上提出了一种新的概念方案——多旋转关节空间太阳能电站,并给出总体构型和主要分系统初步方案设计结果。该方案采用多个相互独立的太阳电池子阵代替了传统的整体式太阳电池阵,以多个中等功率的导电旋转关节替代传统的极高功率的旋转关节,不仅解决了传统空间太阳能电站方案中的极大功率导电旋转关节技术难题,还可以避免导电关节的单点失效问题,模块化的设计也使得系统的组装和构建更加可行。

基于卫星资料同化和LAPS-WRF模式系统的云天太阳辐射数值模拟改进方法

太阳能光伏发电已成为仅次于水电和风能的第三大可再生能源,光伏发电受云量时空变化的影响较大,因此准确模拟云天太阳辐射的时空变化对电网安全运行至关重要。围绕如何减小中尺度气象模式的云初始场误差,进而改进云天的太阳辐射模拟这一关键科学问题,本文通过研究基于卫星资料同化的LAPS(Local Analysis Prediction System)多时间层三维云分析同化方法,改进三维云结构,并将LAPS模式输出结果作为WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式的初始场,模拟了2008年1月及夏季(6~8月)北京地区的总云量和总辐射的时空分布,重点分析了多云和有降水天气过程总辐射的模拟改进效果及其原因。结果表明,同化前后的总云量模拟值与观测值的时间变化趋势基本一致,但大部分时次总云量的模拟值低于观测值;大部分多云及降水时段同化后总云量模拟值较接近于实测值。1月晴天、多云天以及夏季晴天同化前后总辐射模拟值与实测值的时间变化趋势较一致,但同化前后两者的相关性差异不明显;晴天条件下同化前后总辐射模拟值均低于实测值,1月多云条件下多数时段同化后总辐射模拟误差减小不明显,与总云量的改进效果不显著有关。夏季多云、有降水及6月典型降水三种天气条件下同化前后总辐射模拟值与观测值的相关性稍差,同化后两者的相关性较同化前有所改进,尤其是6月典型降水过程改进效果较明显;同化前总辐射模拟误差较大,而同化后误差显著减小,尤其是6月典型降水过程同化后均方根误差和平均相对误差较同化前分别减小了102.6 W m^(-2)和355.9%,最大相对误差减小更显著;同化后总辐射模拟误差小于同化前的比例高达75%,即大部分时刻同化后模拟误差小于同化前。多云和有降水天气过程总辐射模拟效果的显著改进与总云量的改进密切相关,即同化后总云量模拟值增加,云的反射和散射作用增强,导致模拟总辐射减小,即更接近于实测总辐射值。研究结果对于多云和降水天气条件下太阳辐射的模拟效果改进、太阳能资源客观评估以及光伏电站的发电量预测具有一定的科学和实际应用价值。

空间太阳能电站反向波束控制仿真分析

分析几项重要的空间太阳能电站反向波束控制技术研究工作,提出空间太阳能电站微波无线能量传输(MPT)分系统的初步方案和主要参数,在此基础上建立空间太阳能电站微波波束发射和反向波束控制仿真模型,重点分析发射天线子阵列的微波馈电相位误差、频率误差和姿态误差等因素对于系统传输效率的影响,相关结论将为微波无线能量系统的设计和微波无线能量传输技术的研究提供参考。

空间太阳能电站太阳能接收器二维展开过程的保结构分析

针对传统数值方法求解微分-代数方程过程中经常遇到的违约问题,本文以空间太阳能电站太阳能接收器的简化二维模型为例,采用辛算法模拟了简化模型的展开过程,研究了辛算法在求解过程中约束违约问题.首先,基于Hamilton变分原理,将描述简化二维模型展开过程的Euler-Lagrange方程导入Hamilton体系,建立其Hamilton正则方程;随后,采用s级PRK离散方法离散正则方程,得到其辛格式;最后,采用辛PRK格式模拟太阳能接收器的二维展开过程.模拟结果显示:本文构造的辛PRK格式能够很好地满足系统的位移约束.

肖特基二极管整流的计算与测量

提出了改进型的肖特基二极管整流数理模型,用加速迭代法和四阶精度龙格-库塔法编制了计算程序,并结合实验测量得到了整流效率与输入功率、频率和负载等关系曲线:负载一定时,输入功率从零开始增大,整流效率先快速上升,然后上升趋势变缓;输入功率一定时,负载从零开始增大,整流效率先增大后减小,对于某一固定的输入功率,存在着一个最佳负载值;当输入功率和负载都相同时,降低工作频率,整流效率上升。型号为2DV10B的X波段管子在负载为525Ω、输入功率为10 mW、频率为3.2 GHz时获得的整流效率为75.2%;频率为10 GHz时获得50.2%的效率,实验测量结果与理论分析一致。

空间太阳能电站的轨道、姿态和结构振动的耦合动力学建模及辛求解

作为一种从太空获得清洁能源的系统,空间太阳能电站(SPS)吸引着许多国家和科研机构的关注.由于其超大、超轻的柔性结构特点,研究其在轨动力学行为时需要考虑轨道、姿态和结构振动的耦合作用.本文在考虑地球的非球形摄动影响下,建立了集成对称聚光系统(ISC)的动力学模型.通过Legendre变换引入广义动量,在Hamilton体系下建立了其轨道、姿态、轴向振动耦合的动力学方程.采用辛Runge-Kutta方法对耦合动力学方程进行数值求解.根据数值结果,分别研究了其在地球同步轨道下二阶摄动项对轨道、姿态和结构振动的影响,并分析了总能量的变化情况.

回旋波微波整流器实验测量及分析

本文根据快回旋电子束波在谐振腔中共振吸收微波能量的原理,首次在我国自主研制成功回旋波整流器实验试品,输出功率接近3W,谐振腔、转换区和收集极的转换效率达到70%以上,工作性能稳定,负载过载时快速自我保护,并在过载消失时能快速自动恢复正常工作。通过本实验的测试,证实了回旋波整流器设计制造的技术可行性,摸清、掌握了其中的关键技术,为进一步研制出1kW量级的器件奠定了基础。

我国发展空间太阳能电站的必要性和相关技术基础分析

对我国建立空间太阳能电站的必要性进行了讨论。在分析建设空间电站相关技术的基础上，提出了发展我国空间电站的构想。发展空间太阳能电站是我国解决能源需求、优化能源结构的理想选择；我国的技术基础已具备建立空间电站的能力，需对一些关键技术进行重点论证、研究，要加快发展载人航天技术和空间站技术；应首先发展太阳能发电卫星，之后再发展电力传输卫星等其它空间电站形式。从现在起就开始准备，我国可能在２０年左右时间内建立初步的空间电站演示系统。

新一代大型GEO卫星电源系统综述

卫星电源系统是卫星产生、存储、变换、调节和分配电能的重要组成部分,为卫星平台及载荷提供全寿命期的能源,影响着卫星的可靠性、寿命及带载能力。对我国新一代大型GEO卫星电源系统-东方红五号卫星公用平台电源系统的电源控制器、太阳电池阵及储能电池组等重要组成部分进行介绍,并总结了该系统的技术特点、研究现状、发展趋势及深远意义。