Solar radiation pressure used for formation flying control around the Sun-Earth libration point

Solar radiation pressure is used to control the formation flying around the L2 libration point in the Sun-Earth system. Formation flying control around a halo orbit requires a very small thrust that cannot be satisfied by the latest thrusters. The key contribution of this paper is that the continuous low thrust is produced by solar radiation pressure to achieve the tight formation flying around the libration point. However, only certain families of formation types can be controlled by solar radiation pressure since the direction of solar radiation pressure is restricted to a certain range. Two types of feasible formations using solar radiation pressure control are designed. The conditions of feasible formations are given analytically. Simulations are presented for each case, and the results show that the formations are well controlled by solar radiation pressure.

Effect of change in large and fast solar wind dynamic pressure on geosynchronous magnetic field

We present a comparison of changes in large and sharp solar wind dynamic pressure, observed by several spacecraft, with fast disturbances in the magnetospheric magnetic field, measured by the geosynchronous satellites. More than 260 changes in solar wind pressure during the period 1996-2003 are selected for this study. Large statistics show that an increase （a decrease） in dynamic pressure always results in an increase （a decrease） in the magnitude of geosynchronous magnetic field. The amplitude of response to the geomagnetic field strongly depends on the location of observer relative to the noon meridian, the value of pressure before disturbance, and the change in amplitude of pressure.

Solar Radiation Pressure Modeling and Application of BDS Satellites

Solar radiation pressure(SRP)model is the basis of high precise orbit determination and positioning of navigation satellites.At present,it is common to see the study of SRP model of BDS satellites.However,the establishment and application of a comprehensive analytical SRP model based on satellite physical parameters are rare.Different from other conservative forces and non-conservative forces,SRP is closely related to the satellite’s physical parameters and in-orbit state.On the basis of the physical mechanism of solar radiation,BDS satellite physical parameters,in-orbit attitude control mode,and so on,a comprehensive analytical model has been studied in this paper.Based on precise ephemeris and satellite laser ranging(SLR)data,the precision of a comprehensive analytical model has been verified.And the precision of orbit determination is at the decimeter level using this comprehensive analytical SRP model.According to the satellite conservation theorem of angular momentum and change of in-orbit telemetry parameters,the difference between a comprehensive analytical model and the actual in-orbit interference force has been analyzed and calculated.The addition of empirical items on the comprehensive analytical model has been proposed.SLR validations demonstrated that the orbit precision of BDS C08 and C10 can be achieved at 0.078 m and 0.084 m respectively.Compared with using the improved CODE empirical model,precision orbit accuracy of them has increased by 0.021 m and 0.045 m respectively.

Effects of solar radiation pressure on asteroid surface hopping transfers for high area/mass ratio rovers

The high area/mass ratio hopping rovers have potential applications in future asteroid surface exploration.This paper systematically investigates the effects of solar radiation pressure(SRP)on ballistic surface hopping transfers for the asteroid 101955 Bennu.Effects of SRP on the traveled distance and the trajectory design of hopping transfers are analyzed and summarized.The simulation results indicate that it is necessary to take SRP into account to ensure the success of hopping transfers and the proper use of SRP can help design the trajectories of hopping transfers with low initial impulses and short transfer times.It also reveals the potential possibility in using SRP to control the post-hopping transfers with specific control policies in the future surface exploration of asteroids.

Analysis of Effect of Solar Radiation Pressure of Bigger Primary on the Evolution of Periodic Orbits

Evolution of periodic orbits in Sun-Mars and Sun-Earth systems are analyzed using Poincare surface of section technique and the effects of solar radiation pressure of bigger primary and actual oblateness of smaller primary on these orbits areconsidered. It is observed that solar radiation pressure of bigger primary has substantial effect on period, orbit’s shape, size and their position in the phase space. Since these orbits can be used for the design of low energy transfer trajectories, so perturbations due to solar radiation pressure has to be understood and should be taken care of during trajectory design. It is also verified that stability of such orbits are negligible so they can be used as transfer orbit. For each pair of solar radiation pressure q and Jacobi constant C we get two separatrices where stability of island becomes zero. In this paper, detailed stability analysis of periodic orbit having two loops is given when q = 0.9845.

Analytical Third Order Solution for Coupling Effects of Earth Oblateness and Direct Solar Radiation Pressure on the Motion of Artificial Satellites

Coupling effects of Earth oblateness and direct solar radiation pressure on the motion of an artificial satellite are evaluated. Secular and periodic terms are retained up to order three and two respectively, where the coefficient of the second zonal harmonic of the geopotential is considered of first order. The solution revealed the existence of secular terms at order three that arises from the couplings between terms, of lower orders, resulting from the solar radiation pressure.

Joint observations of the large-scale ULF wave activity from space to ground associated with the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement

This study reports the rare ultralow-frequency(ULF) wave activity associated with the solar wind dynamic pressure enhancement that was successively observed by the GOES-17(Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) in the magnetosphere, the CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) in the ionosphere, and the THEMIS ground-based observatories(GBO) GAKO and EAGL in the Earth's polar region during the main phase of an intense storm on 4 November 2021. Along with the enhanced-pressure solar wind moving tailward, the geomagnetic field structure experienced a large-scale change. From dawn/dusk sides to midnight, the GAKO, EAGL, and GOES-17 sequentially observed the ULF waves in a frequency range of0.04–0.36 Hz at L shells of ~5.07, 6.29, and 5.67, respectively. CSES also observed the ULF wave event with the same frequency ranges at wide L-shells of 2.52–6.22 in the nightside ionosphere. The analysis results show that the ULF waves at ionospheric altitude were mixed toroidal-poloidal mode waves. Comparing the ULF waves observed in different regions, we infer that the nightside ULF waves were directly or indirectly excited by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase: in the area of L-shells~2.52–6.29, the magnetic field line resonances(FLRs) driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase is an essential excitation source;on the other hand, around L~3.29, the ULF waves can also be excited by the outward expansion of the plasmapause owing to the decrease of the magnetospheric convection, and in the region of L-shells ~5.19–6.29, the ULF waves are also likely excited by the ion cyclotron instabilities driven by the solar wind dynamic pressure increase.

太阳成像仪镜筒舱内压力控制技术研究

文章阐述了太阳成像仪镜筒舱内压力控制技术研究,主要包括限流小孔机械尺寸理论分析、慢速泄压阀设计、镜筒压力控制模拟测试等内容。目前,所研制的慢速泄压阀已顺利交付使用,并随46.5 nm极紫外太阳成像仪在中科院空间新技术试验卫星上进行了搭载,实现了在轨顺利开机,验证了太阳成像仪镜筒舱内压力控制手段的正确性。

射流式太阳能空气集热器性能的数值模拟研究

为了提高太阳能空气集热器的性能,建立了射流太阳能空气集热器的数学模型,并分析了空气射流对太阳能空气集热器性能的影响。结果表明:在太阳能空气集热器内设置折流板形成射流流动,不仅可以增加集热板近壁面处的流动速度,还能减小垂直于空气流动方向的速度梯度。射流流动优化了流道内的速度分布,从而有效提高了空气与集热板的对流传热系数。与普通太阳能空气集热器相比,射流太阳能空气集热器的集热效率明显更高。当入口速度从0.5 m/s增加到3.0 m/s时,两者集热效率的差距从5.01%增加到15.38%。然而,射流太阳能空气集热器的压力损失较大,因此其有效效率随空气流量的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势。在入口速度为2.5 m/s时,有效效率达到了极值63.75%,比普通太阳能空气集热器提高了11.21%。综上所述,利用折流板形成射流能显著提高太阳能空气集热器的集热效率与有效效率。

“天问一号”探测器轨道确定及精度评估

“天问一号”是我国首个自主火星探测任务,高精度轨道确定是圆满完成工程任务和科学数据分析的基础。针对“天问一号”不同飞行阶段的轨道特性、力学环境及测量水平,本文采用不同策略进行轨道确定并评估精度,在地火转移阶段轨道精度优于4 km,环火停泊阶段轨道精度优于1 km,中继通信阶段轨道精度优于100 m;双程测距数据精度约为0.5 m,1 s积分双程测速数据精度约为0.2 mm/s,VLBI时延数据精度约为0.3 ns。“天问一号”定轨精度主要受到太阳光压和姿控模型误差影响,在定轨过程中求解光压系数和经验加速度十分必要。“天问一号”探测器光压系数与经验加速度存在一定程度的耦合,需要添加先验约束信息。

基于聚光集热和脉动风压的定日镜群模拟研究

太阳辐射量和风荷载会直接影响光热电站的持续发电量。文章根据新疆哈密地区中电淖毛湖光热电站的实际环境情况,建立定日镜群的三维数值模型,对不同季节太阳辐射和迎风仰角下镜群的受热情况及流场特性开展数值模拟,分析获得风在不同入射角下镜面耀斑分布情况和脉动风压系数。结果表明:模拟所得镜群阻力系数和升力系数与相关研究结果较为吻合,验证了所建模型的有效性;不同季节下耀斑的分布规律较为相似,主要取决于太阳方向角的变化;随着风入射角的增大,镜群的尾流区域呈先减小后增大趋势;由于定日镜镜群中的尾流可有效抑制风压,结合镜群的排布方式保证内部的稳定性,其中,正五边形定日镜的中心处保持较低的脉动风压,极大提高了镜面受力均衡性。

马铃薯水分胁迫指数模型优化研究

【目的】探究马铃薯的叶气温差与环境因子的关系,进一步优化马铃薯水分胁迫指数模型。【方法】在河南农业大学林学院试验基地进行马铃薯盆栽试验,选择晴朗天气测定不同土壤含水率下马铃薯的叶气温差随太阳辐射和大气饱和水汽压差(VPD)的变化规律,确定作物水分胁迫指数(crop water stress index,CWSI)的上下基线,进一步试验后得到优化后的马铃薯CWSI经验模型,并对相关模型进行验证。【结果】马铃薯的叶气温差随着土壤含水率的降低而升高;当土壤含水率较低(7.28%)时,马铃薯的叶气温差随太阳辐射的增大而增大,呈显著线性关系;当土壤含水率较高(15.85%)时,马铃薯的叶气温差随VPD的增大而减小,呈显著线性关系;构建出马铃薯CWSI的上基线为y=0.0098Q-0.68[Q为太阳辐射强度/(W·m^(-2))],下基线为y=-1.67V+3.75(V为大气饱和水汽压差/kPa);将优化的CWSI模型验证后得知,随着土壤含水率的减少,CWSI值增加,且CWSI同土壤含水量呈极显著负相关关系(p<0.01)。【结论】马铃薯的最大叶气温差与太阳辐射的线性关系作为马铃薯水分胁迫指数的上基线是可行的,该研究对传统CWSI经验模型进行改进,进一步优化了CWSI经验模型。

考虑太阳光压的小天体附近自然绕飞轨道研究

在小天体附近是否存在探测器的长寿命自然绕飞轨道是近小天体段轨道设计中的重要问题。针对不规则小天体附近复杂动力学环境,综合考虑不规则引力摄动J_(2)、J_(3)、J_(4)项,太阳光压摄动和可能存在的星蚀情况,基于平均动力学和冻结轨道求解方法发展了一种能够快速确定小行星附近长寿命自然绕飞轨道的类型和存在区域(轨道根数存在范围)的半解析方法。分析了考虑光压摄动、星蚀以及小行星-探测器系统参数变化对这些轨道存在区域的影响。搜索了潜在威胁小行星99942 Apophis附近可能存在的自然绕飞轨道,发现了两类长寿命轨道族:存在域小且对参数不确定性更敏感的向日轨道族和半长轴跨度范围较大且稳定性更好的晨昏线轨道族。研究结果表明太阳光压对不规则小天体附近长寿命绕飞轨道的存在情况影响显著。考虑光压摄动后,长寿命轨道存在域显著减小。随着光压摄动的增强,向日轨道偏心率增大,而晨昏线轨道偏心率减小,两类轨道的半长轴覆盖范围均减小。

太阳帆及其姿态控制方法综述

太阳帆作为一种无须消耗燃料的新型航天器,在深空探测领域具有广阔的应用前景。同时,得益于持续光压力的作用,太阳帆可以运行在传统航天器难以实现的轨道上,从而实现一些独特用途。本文在概述太阳帆的工作原理和应用前景的基础上,重点分析了太阳帆典型姿态控制方法的本质特征和优缺点,调研了国内外太阳帆姿态控制方法的研究现状,分析了典型姿态控制方法用于大型太阳帆姿态控制的局限性,研究了利用太阳帆变形获得姿态控制力矩的可行性和优势,最后提出关于太阳帆姿态控制研究发展的一些认识。

TOPCon太阳电池单面沉积Poly-Si的工艺研究

目前隧穿氧化层钝化接触(TOPCon)电池制造技术越来越成熟,所耗成本不断降低。行业内普遍采用低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)方式进行双面沉积或单面沉积。单面沉积存在Poly-Si绕镀问题,严重影响电池片转化效率和外观质量,同时正面绕镀层去除难度较大,在用碱溶液去除绕镀层的同时,存在绕镀层去除不彻底或者非绕镀区域P^(+)层被腐蚀的风险,导致P^(+)发射极受损,严重影响电池片外观质量与性能。双面沉积可避免上述问题,但产能减少一半,制造成本增加。本文对单面沉积Poly-Si工艺及绕镀层去除工艺进行研究,在TOPCon电池正面及背面制作了一层合适厚度的氧化层掩膜,搭配合适的清洗工艺、去绕镀清洗工艺,既可有效地去除P^(+)层绕镀的Poly-Si,也可很好地保护正面P^(+)层及背面掺杂Poly-Si层不受破坏,同时可大幅提升产能。

大规模低轨星座的实时精密定轨技术

在全球导航卫星系统的支撑下,分析地面集中解算和星上自主解算精密定轨的优缺点,并将高精度轨道非保守力模型应用于星上实时自主定轨算法,实现运动学和动力学定轨的分离,对于需要频繁机动的低轨卫星精密定轨具有显著优势。结果表明,辐射光压和大气阻力非保守力物理模型计算的加速度精度约5 nm/s^(2);采用广播星历进行定轨解算可以达到0.8 m位置精度,低轨卫星速度误差约1.1 mm/s;采用实时精密星历,位置精度可以达到8.0 cm,卫星速度精度约0.1 mm/s。低轨卫星实时精密定轨和预报方法可有效支撑大规模低轨星座的导航功能实现。

Impact Analysis of Solar Irradiance Change on Precision Orbit Determination of Navigation Satellites

Solar radiation pressure is the main driving force and error source for precision orbit determination of navigation satellites.It is proportional to the solar irradiance,which is the"sun constant".In regular calculation,the"solar constant"is regard as a constant.However,due to the existence of sunspots,flares,etc.,the solar constant is not fixed,the change in the year is about 1%.To investigate the variation of solar irradiance,we use interpolation and average segment modeling of total solar irradiance data of SORCE,establishing variance solar radiation pressure(VARSRP)model and average solar radiation pressure(AVESRP)model based on the built solar pressure model(SRPM)(constant model).According to observation data of global positioning system(GPS)and Beidou system(BDS)in 2015 and comparing the solar pressure acceleration of VARSRP,AVESRP and SRPM,the magnitude of change can reach 10-10 m/s^2.In addition,according to the satellite precise orbit determination,for GPS satellites,the results of VARSRP and AVESRP are slightly smaller than those of the SRPM model,and the improvement is between 0.1 to 0.5 mm.For geosynchronous orbit(GEO)satellites of BDS,The AVESRP and VARSRP have an improvement of 3.5 mm and 4.0 mm,respectively,based on overlapping arc,and SLR check results show the AVESRP model and the VARSRP model is improved by 2.3 mm and 3.5 mm,respectively.Moreover,the change of inclined geosynchronous orbit(IGSO)satellites and medium earth orbit(MEO)satellites is relatively small,and the improvement is smaller than 0.5 mm.

Effects of cloud,atmospheric water vapor,and dust on photosynthetically active radiation and total solar radiation in a Mongolian grassland

Photosynthetically active radiation （PAR） is an important input parameter for estimating plant produc- tivity due to its key role in the growth and development of plants. However, a worldwide routine network for sys- tematic PAR measurements is not yet established, and PAR is often calculated as a constant fraction of total solar radiation （SR）. Although the ratio of PAR to SR （PAR/SR） has been reported from many places, few studies have been performed for dry regions. The present study was therefore carried out in an arid region of Mongolia to obtain PAP-JSR and examine its dependency on sky clearness （the clearness index）, water vapor in the atmosphere and aeolian dust. Continuous measurements of PAR and SR were taken every one second using quantum and pyranometer sensors, respectively, and the readings were averaged and recorded at intervals of 30 minutes for a period of 12 months. The lowest monthly mean daily PAR/SR occurred in April （0.420）, while the highest ratio was observed in July （0.459）. Mean daily PAR/SR during plant growing season （May-August） was estimated to be 0.442, which could be useful for modeling plant productivity in the study area. The annual mean daily PAR/SR （0.435） was lower than the values reported in many previous studies. This difference could be explained with the regional variation in climate： i.e. drier climatic condition in the study area. PAR/SR was negatively correlated with the clearness index （r= -0.36, P〈0.001）, but positively with atmospheric water vapor pressure （r=0.47, P〈0.001）. The average PAR/SR was significantly lower （P=0.02） on the dusty days compared to the non-dust days. Water vapor in the atmosphere was shown to be the strongest factor in the variation of PAR/SR. This is the first study examining PAR/SR under a semi-arid condition in Mongolia.

Microcrystalline Silicon Materials and Solar Cells Prepared by VHF-PECVD

A series of samples deposited by VHF-PECVD at different pressures were studied.The measurement results of photosensitivity (photo conductivity/dark conductivity) and activation energy indicated near the same rule with the change of the pressure.The results measured by Raman scattering spectra,X-ray diffraction and FTIR all proved the evident crystallization of the materials.Treating the p/i interface by hydrogen has a great improving effect on the performance of the microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) p-i-n solar cells if the treatment time was appropriate.An efficiency of 4.24% for μc-Si p-i-n solar cells deposited by VHF-PECVD was firstly obtained.

Effect of chimney shadow on the performance of wind supercharged solar chimney power plants:A numerical case study for the Spanish prototype

Three-dimensional numerical simulations for a solar chimney power plant(SCPP)and wind supercharged solar chimney power plant(WSSCPP)based on the Spanish prototype using the solar ray-tracing algorithm were performed to study the shadow effect of the chimney.The area of the shadow region increases with an increase in the incident angle of the solar rays.A parametric study was performed by varying the incident angle from 0°to 30°.The temperature and velocity distributions at different incident angles were analyzed.In addition,we investigated the chimney shadow effect in several comprehensive SCPP systems.The findings show that the turbine shaft powers of the SCPP and WSSCPP were reduced by 22.4%and 13.7%,respectively,when the incident angle increased from 0°to 30°.In conclusion,it is important to consider the chimney shadow effect when estimating the performance in the design and cost analysis of SCPP systems.