IAP's Solar-Powered Unmanned Surface Vehicle Actively Passes through the Center of typhoon Sinlaku(2020)

The solar-powered marine unmanned surface vehicle(USV) developed by the USV team of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics is a rugged, long-duration, and autonomous navigation vessel designed for the collection of longrange, continuous, real-time, meteorological and oceanographic measurements, especially under extreme sea conditions(sea state 6–7). These solar-powered USVs completed a long-term continuous navigation observation test over 26 days.During this time, they coordinated double-USV observations and actively navigated into the path of Typhoon Sinlaku(2020) before collecting data very close to its center during the 2020 USV South China Sea Typhoon Observation Experiment. Detailed high temporal resolution(1 min) real-time observations collected by the USV on the typhoon were used for operational typhoon forecasting and warning for the first time. As a mobile meteorological and oceanographic observation station capable of reliable, automated deployment, data collection, and transmission, such solar-powered USVs can replace traditional observation platforms to provide valuable real-time data for research, forecasting, and early warnings for potential marine meteorological disasters.

Flight strategy optimization for high-altitude long-endurance solar-powered aircraft based on Gauss pseudo-spectral method

Solar-powered aircraft have attracted great attention owing to their potential for longendurance flight and wide application prospects.Due to the particularity of energy system,flight strategy optimization is a significant way to enhance the flight performance for solar-powered aircraft.In this study,a flight strategy optimization model for high-altitude long-endurance solar-powered aircraft was proposed.This model consists of three-dimensional kinematic model,aerodynamic model,energy collection model,energy store model and energy loss model.To solve the nonlinear optimal control problem with process constraints and terminal constraints,Gauss pseudo-spectral method was employed to discretize the state equations and constraint equations.Then a typical mission flying from given initial point to given final point within a time interval was considered.Results indicate that proper changes of the attitude angle contribute to increasing the energy gained by photovoltaic cells.Utilization of gravitational potential energy can partly take the role of battery pack.Integrating these two measures,the optimized flight strategy can improve the final state of charge compared with current constant-altitude constant-velocity strategy.The optimized strategy brings more profits on condition of lower sunlight intensity and shorter daytime.

General optimal design of solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle for priority considering propulsion system

This paper describes the general optimization design method of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle which priority considering propulsion system planning. Based on the traditional solar powered aircraft design method, the propulsion system top-level target parameters which affect the path planning are integrated into the general optimization design. According to the typical mission requirements of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, considering the design variables such as wing area, aspect ratio, design mission date and so on, the general optimization is carried out with the minimum aircraft weight as the optimization objective. The influence of wing area and aspect ratio on the optimal design results is analyzed and compared with the traditional design method. The results show that the general design method of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for priority considering propulsion system can greatly reduce the electricity demand of energy storage battery, greatly reduce the aircraft weight of Solar-Powered Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.

Highly efficient and stable solar-powered desalination by tungsten carbide nanoarray film with sandwich wettability

Solar-powered desalination is a promising way to resolve the worldwide water crisis for its low con- sumption and simple facility. Considering the fragility and aggregations of traditional materials, which may decrease efficiency, we herein introduce a robust tungsten carbide (WC) nanoarray film as a stable and efficient photothermal material, whose absorption is over 97.5% throughout almost the whole solar spectrum range (220–2200 nm) due to nanoarray structure and thus enhanced localized surface plasmon resonance. Besides, for the first time, we modified the film with sandwich wettability. It accelerates evap- oration by reducing water’s reflection of light, enlarging hydrophobic-hydrophilic boundaries, and depressing heat dissipation. Combining high absorption with unique wettability, the WC nanoarray film offers high solar-to-vapor efficiency of 90.8% and produces drinking water at the rate of (1.06 ± 0.10) kg m^(-2)h^(-1)from man-made seawater and (0.98 ± 0.18) kg m^(-2)h^(-1)from heavy metal sewage under one sun (AM 1.5) while 98% performance remains after 1 h×100 times’ reutilization.

Integrated batteries layout and structural topology optimization for a solar-powered drone

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an integrated optimization scheme for a solar-powered drone structure.Consider a primary beam in the wing of large aspect ratio,where 100 lithium batteries are assembled.In the proposed integrated optimization,the batteries are considered here as parts of the load-carrying structure.The corresponding mechanical behaviors are simulated in the structural design and described with super-elements.The batteries layout and the structural topology are then introduced as mixed design variables and optimized simultaneously to achieve an accordant load-carrying path.Geometrical nonlinearity is considered due to the large deformation.Different periodic structural configurations are tested in the optimization in order to meet the structural manufacturing and assembly convenience.The optimized designs are rebuilt and tested in different load cases.Maintaining the same structural weight,the global mechanical performances are improved greatly compared with the initial design.

Study on cyclic characteristics of the solar-powered adsorption cooling system

According to the typical variable heat source of solar energy and the unsteady adsorption process of adsorption chiller,the research of cyclic transient characteristics of the solar-powered adsorption cooling system is presented in this work.A mathematic model of the whole system including the model of adsorption chiller,which reveals the transient operation process of the solar-powered adsorption cooling system,is developed and verified by experimental data.On the basis of the simulated results,the transient characteristics and the overall performance of the system,not only in the traditional open cycle mode but also in closed cycle mode,are both analyzed theoretically.Furthermore,the influence of parameters matching of components configuration and operation process on the cyclic characteristics of the system,such as the solar collector area,the water tank capacity and the chiller startup temperature,are discussed.The research in this work may play a very important role in optimizing the system cyclic process and improving the system adaptability especially under the condition of variable heat source.

Mission-oriented cooperative 3D path planning for modular solar-powered aircraft with energy optimization

Modular Solar-Powered Aircraft(M-SPA)is a kind of High-Altitude Long-Endurance(HALE)aircraft which exploits the mission advantage of swarm UAV and the HALE advantage of large aspect-ratio SPA.M-SPA’s separated mode and combined mode give it the potential to maximize the mission efficiency with limited solar energy.In this paper,firstly,oriented by the mission of maximizing the cruise area,the overall design of the M-SPA is modeled,including the energy model,the aerodynamic model and the flight environment settings.Secondly,by analyzing the energy consumption of the flight modes,we design a multi-phase flight mission strategy.Then,a 24-hour three-dimensional(3D)flight profile of the M-SPA is optimized,including the sub-SPA cooperative path planning in the separation mode.Finally,inspired by the Traveling Salesman Problem(TSP),an improved Ant Colony Algorithm(ACA)is exploited to find the optimal path for each sub-SPA,which is further developed into a dynamic separation and combination scheme for the M-SPA.The simulation results show that the mission performance of the M-SPA outperforms that of the conventional SPA,and explicitly,the mission coverage of the M-SPA is slightly less than a linear increase under comparable simulation conditions.

风光热储互补发电系统容量配置技术研究

针对无常规电源支撑的风光热储互补发电系统,协调规划装机容量对提高发电系统运行经济性和利用率具有重要意义。提出了一种双层优化配置方法,上层以最小度电成本及弃电率为目标,确定系统装机容量;下层以新能源发电消纳最大为目标,解决功率分配问题。通过反复迭代寻优,得到系统容量配置;然后;通过纳什谈判对优化结果进行选择;最后,对甘肃河西地区数据进行仿真分析。结果表明:风光热储互补发电系统最优容量配置下的度电成本为0.3064元/(k W·h);风电场加光伏电站装机容量与光热电站装机容量的最优比为6:1,对比相同装机容量的风光互补发电系统,风光热储互补发电系统具有更高的稳定性。

含分布式电源和电动汽车的配电网可靠性评估

针对目前大规模分布式电源和电动汽车接入配电网后,给配电网可靠性带来一定影响的问题,提出了一种含有分布式电源和电动汽车的新型配电网的可靠性评估方法。首先,考虑到风光出力的不确定性和相关性,选择拟合性最优的Frank-Copula函数,建立了风光联合出力概率模型。其次,分析了电动汽车用户行为特征,提出了基于动态分时电价的电动汽车有序充放电控制策略。最后,基于改进IEEE-RBTS Bus6测试系统的主馈线F4,对系统的可靠性指标进行计算分析,结果表明所提的风光联合出力模型和有序充放电控制策略可以有效降低对配电网可靠性的影响。

风电—光伏—光热发电系统联合优化运行研究

“风光热储”是近几年多种新能源互补发电的新模式,以有效解决用电高峰期和低谷期存在的电力输出不平衡问题,并提高能源利用率,实现清洁发展。为此研究了光热电站的运行机理和工作模式。建立了风电—光伏—光热发电系统联合优化运行模型,以高优先级优化匹配调度曲线的程度,以低优先级优化联合系统的可再生能源消纳能力。为提高风力发电、光伏发电并网的可靠性,采用预测误差描述二者出力存在的不确定性,并采用样本均值近似法对其进行了确定化处理。然后对优化模型中的非线性因素进行了线性化处理,最后调用Cplex求解器得出联合系统最佳调度方案。结果表明,光热电站可以调节联合发电系统的上网功率,使其尽可能满足调度曲线的需求;另外,采用样本均值近似法处理不确定变量,并且将优化模型线性化后,可以更加快速地求出最优解。

盘刷式光伏清扫机器人结构与驱动设计研究

针对光伏电站中运维使用的清扫机器人轻量化设计问题,提出一种盘刷式光伏清扫机器人结构并设计驱动系统。首先,在现有轮式机器人基础上,将盘刷与机器人驱动轮集成为一体,设计紧凑型机器人结构,在机器人运动过程中同步实现组件表面清扫,并对电机支架进行优化设计。其次,采用四轮驱动方式,设计盘刷式光伏清扫机器人驱动系统软硬件。在屋顶光伏组件表面开展实验,实验结果表明所设计的盘刷式光伏清扫机器人结构与驱动系统满足清扫需求,在夏季晴天天气清扫一块面积为2.44 m^(2)的光伏组件,对比清扫前后光伏组件标准化的电气特性,清扫后修正至标准测试条件(STC)下的最大功率提升约16.1%。

计及需求响应的光热电站参与深度调峰的分层优化调度策略

从源、荷两侧挖掘系统调峰潜力,建立计及需求响应的光热电站参与深度调峰的分层优化调度模型。上层从负荷侧出发,提出一种基于负荷分类的价格需求响应模型,可有效缓解系统调峰压力;中层从电源侧出发,利用光热电站灵活的调节特性在深度调峰时段协调火电机组参与辅助调峰,构建以运行总成本最小为目标函数的日前调度模型;下层提出一种基于模型预测控制的日内动态调整模型,在滚动优化的同时,通过状态反馈环节实时调整光热电站储热装置充放热修正日前调度计划。仿真结果表明,所提调度策略在降低系统调峰成本的同时能有效抑制风光以及负荷的短时功率波动,在保证系统安全稳定运行的前提下提升风光消纳率。

考虑含HRD的光热电站和综合需求响应的综合能源系统低碳经济调度

在“双碳”的背景下,为进一步提升综合能源系统(Integrated Energy System, IES)的经济性和环境效益,文中提出一种在奖惩阶梯型碳交易机制下考虑含热回收装置(Heat Recycling Device, HRD)的光热电站和综合需求响应的IES系统低碳经济调度方法。首先,在源侧构建含热回收装置的光热电站与加装碳捕集的热电联产机组联合运行的IES架构,并分析电转气两阶段的运行原理,建立计及余热回收的电转气设备模型。其次,考虑到负荷侧电、热、气三种负荷的柔性特性,在负荷侧建立电热气综合需求响应模型。最后,引入奖惩阶梯型碳交易机制,进一步减小系统碳排放量,构建调度周期内以含购能成本、运维成本、碳交易成本等系统总运行成本最小为目标的综合能源系统低碳优化调度模型。通过算例分析结果表明,所提方法不仅能提高机组的运行潜力,而且有效降低了系统总运行成本与碳排放量。

太阳能辅助热电联产机组供热、发电及调峰性能分析

针对新能源存在不稳定性导致电网调峰问题日益严重的现状,结合较为成熟的光煤互补发电技术及多热源联合供热调峰系统,设计光煤混合供热发电系统,使热电联产机组具有一定的调峰能力。以某300 MW热电联产机组为研究对象,利用Ebsilon Professional软件搭建发电、供热可灵活调节的太阳能辅助热电联产系统,基于供热机组实际双机运行工况,在保证供热负荷前提下,分析太阳能辅助双机热电联产机组耦合方式,比较耦合前后双机调峰性能。结果表明:凝汽器出口与太阳能集热系统换热器间的管道上设置动态节流阀,改变太阳能集热系统辅助供热机组的运行模式,能够实现发电、供热、调峰一体系统的灵活运行;其中,以太阳能集热系统仅用于补充供暖的运行方式调峰能力最强,太阳能辅助单机供热前后调峰容量比值为0.76,太阳能辅助双机供热前后调峰容量比值为0.55,太阳能辅助承担最大供热负荷的1号机组在调峰容量及调峰补偿上效果最佳。

基于差分进化的塔式太阳能定日镜场布局优化

为提高塔式太阳能的辐射反射效率和发电性能,需要对定日镜场进行布局优化。采用日平均年光学效率的方法,计算分析定日镜年均余弦效率、大气衰减效率、截断效率及最大光学效率,为后续定日镜场的布置及优化提供评价指标。以西班牙Gemasolar塔式电站为例,采用密集campo的布置方法进行镜场初始化,验证了布置方法的高光学效率和高可靠性。采用差分进化算法对镜场进行优化,镜场年均综合效率由56.99%提高至59.03%,提升了3.58%,验证了该方法的有效性。

基于模型-数据联合的光伏-光热系统储能量预测

提出一种模型-数据联合预测方法,通过机理分析建立对象动态模型,并引入未来太阳辐射强度、用户负荷预测数据进行即时模型预测,通过注意力机制改进的卷积-长短时记忆混合神经网络建立数据预测模型,并引入历史数据进行滚动数据预测,然后利用卡尔曼滤波器对2种预测模型的输出结果进行融合,实现储能量的联合预测。结果表明:联合预测兼具2种方法的优势,能很好地解决储能量预测误差随时间累积的问题,并能够及时表征气象因素突变和系统运行方式改变时储能量的变化情况,在各种天气状况下均具有良好的预测精度。

基于加权灰度图与混合阈值分割方法的光伏热斑检测

在光伏红外热图像中,热斑和部分高温工作区的亮度非常接近。在利用传统的阈值分割技术提取热斑时,往往会将工作区也一并分割出来,形成虚假热斑。结合Otsu算法和Sauvola算法的优点,提出了一种基于加权灰度图的混合阈值分割方法。通过对灰度图加权处理,降低工作区亮度,从而增强热斑与工作区的对比度,改善热斑的可视性。利用Otsu算法与Sauvola算法二值化灰度图,并根据二值图差异度计算混合阈值,以此消除虚假热斑的干扰。实验证明,该方法适用于检测存在高温工作区的光伏板热斑,能够精准有效地分割热斑。

一种送电线路状态监测终端设计

针对一种送电线路状态监测终端设计的要求,提出了相对应的解决方案,将其划分为终端本体、接触感知单元和无接触感知单元三部分,降低了设计复杂性。其中,终端本体又分为本地太阳能电源和监测终端两部分,本地太阳能电源采用恒压和浮充方式对蓄电池充电,并对蓄电池进行过放电保护。监测终端使用一种S5PV210核心板作为处理器,裁剪其评估板得到基本的终端平台,保留其中的视频摄像和SD卡接口电路,实现视频采集和文件存储功能,扩展无线和有线通信接口与感知单元进行通信,扩展4G移动通信接口与控制中心通信,实现信息上传功能。项目开发完成之后在实验室对所设计功能和部分性能指标进行了验证测试,与预期目标相符。

基于改进粒子群算法的定日镜场优化设计模型

定日镜场是塔式光热电站的重要子系统.定日镜的优化布置问题是塔式光热电站建设需要解决的关键问题.以塔式光热电站的定日镜场为研究对象,建立阴影遮挡效率模型、余弦效率模型、截断效率模型以及大气透射率模型,得出定日镜场的光学效率.以镜场年平均输出热功率作为目标函数,建立非线性规划模型,用基于同心圆的粒子群算法进行圆形定日镜场的参数设计及优化求解.通过迭代寻优,找到年平均输出热功率最大时即可找到粒子的特征因子的最优解.

2023年中国光伏技术进展综述

2023年中国光伏技术发展迅速,从晶体硅、硅片、晶体硅太阳电池及其光伏组件、薄膜太阳电池及其光伏组件、新型太阳电池、光伏发电系统集成与应用、光伏功率变换器及平衡部件、光伏电站全生命周期数智化技术、光伏发电标准及实证测试、太阳电池光电转换效率等方面对2023年中国光伏技术发展情况进行了系统总结,客观描绘了中国光伏技术创新地图全貌。得到以下结论:1)三氯氢硅法(改良西门子法)和硅烷法技术的能耗指标达到国际先进水平,多次装料拉晶(RCz)技术仍是主要的硅棒生产方式,结合颗粒硅料的连续直拉单晶(CCz)技术持续取得进展。2)n型太阳电池的市场份额快速增加,TOPCon太阳电池大规模量产,HJT太阳电池产能持续增加,BC太阳电池实现批量生产。晶体硅太阳电池、钙钛矿太阳电池、钙钛矿/硅叠层太阳电池、CZTSSe薄膜太阳电池、有机太阳电池等太阳电池的光电转换效率屡创世界纪录。3)多层次立体化光伏发电应用体系不断丰富,大型地面光伏电站、分布式光伏电站、海上漂浮式光伏电站、天基/空间光伏发电系统、山地光伏电站等多元化应用模式蓬勃发展。