The study was conducted in Zhifanggou Watershed,Shaanxi Province,China,to evaluate the effect of different vegetation types on hot-water extractable C,N and P fractions,with the aim to determine whether hot-water extr...The study was conducted in Zhifanggou Watershed,Shaanxi Province,China,to evaluate the effect of different vegetation types on hot-water extractable C,N and P fractions,with the aim to determine whether hot-water extractable fractions could be used as indicators of soil quality change in Loess Plateau.The six vegetation types established in 1975 were（i） Robinia pseudoacacia L.,（ii） Caragana korshinkii Kom.,（iii） Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.,（iv） P.tabulaeformis-Amorpha fruticosa L.,（v） R.pseudoacacia-A.fruticosa,and（vi） grassland.A cropped hillslope plot and a Platycladus orientalis L.native forest plot were used as references.The results indicated that the conversion of native forest to cropland resulted in a significant decline in the hot-water extractable C,N and P fractions.Hot-water extractable C,N,and P increased when cultivated land was revegetated,but after 30 years the amount of hot-water extractable C,N,and P in revegetated fields was still much lower compared to native forest.Hot-water extractable fractions increased more under mixed-forest than under pure-forest stands.Furthermore,there was a significant correlation between the hot-water extractable fractions and soil chemical and microbiological properties.The results showed that hot-water extractable fractions could be used as indicators of soil quality change on the Loess Plateau.展开更多
In this study, effects of hot water extract of Paecilomyces hepiali mycelia on hypertension parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. The tested parameters included blood pressure, blood a...In this study, effects of hot water extract of Paecilomyces hepiali mycelia on hypertension parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. The tested parameters included blood pressure, blood and urine biochemical composition, renin and angiotensin II levels in the blood. Prior to these tests, the extract was examined for toxicity. The fungus was cultivated in a solid medium composed of 40 g brown rice, 0.32 g glucose, 0.65 g sucrose, 2 g peptone and 65 ml corn steep liquor. No abnormality or harmful effects were observed in the toxicity test. Administration of a continuous-dose, once daily, to SHR for 27 weeks (from 13 weeks of age) decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly. Levels of blood urea nitrogen, β-lipoprotein lipid peroxides and low density lipoprotein were significantly lower in the treated groups when compared to the control group. Urinary protein was significantly reduced in the middle and high dose groups. In comparison with the control group (0 mg/kg/10ml/day), significantly higher values were obtained for total cholesterol in groups that were given middle (170 mg/kg/10ml/day) and high (250 mg/kg/10ml/day) dosages. In all dosages (low, middle and high) the values for triglyceride were significantly higher than value found in the control group. In terms of angiotensin II levels, the value in the control group was markedly higher than values in the other groups. The results suggest that oral administration of hot water extract of P. hepiali mycelia has ability to control hypertension in rats.展开更多
Among the various techniques for enhancing the storage and consumption of energy in a thermal energy storage system,the establishment of thermal stratification in a hot-water container is an effective technology.The c...Among the various techniques for enhancing the storage and consumption of energy in a thermal energy storage system,the establishment of thermal stratification in a hot-water container is an effective technology.The current study aims to assess the performance of the thermal stratification for hot-water containers using(ANSYS Fluent)R.1.0,2022,through the study of the impact of different numbers of paraffin-filled containers,namely 3,5,and 7,that are equivalent to 5,7,and 9 kg of paraffin,respectively.To validate the present numerical model,a comparison between the current study results and the experimental findings from the literature was conducted,and the results demonstrated that there was a good approval between these results.The results of this study depict that the profile temperature at the outlet of the container indicates an enhancement in the Richardson number and stratification number by 37.9%and 45.8%,respectively,when the charging process is finished.Furthermore,increasing the number of paraffin-filled containers from 5 to 9 results in a 29.9%improvement in charging efficiency,resulting in an improvement in storage efficiency.Finally,the results have proven that the 3D CFD approach is a highly beneficial tool to assess the effect of PCM mass on stratification performance in a hot-water container.展开更多
To study the relationship between material composition, curing conditions and strength development, the study simulated high-strength precast concrete pile production, and a high-strength mortar up to 90 MPa was desig...To study the relationship between material composition, curing conditions and strength development, the study simulated high-strength precast concrete pile production, and a high-strength mortar up to 90 MPa was designed and a hot-water pool was built for concrete curing. The major point of the study was to achieve a high early strength by using cement/metakaolin systems without autoclave curing with high-pressure steam. By means of XRD and thermal analysis, the progress of the hydration of the cement pastes blended with metakaolin was characterized. The main results indicate that high strength can be obtained at early age by the use of metakaolin and thermal treatment （hot-water curing）. The improvement in strength of mortars with metakaolin can be explained by an increase in the amount of C-S-H and C-S-A-H hydrated phases and a decrease in the amount of calcium hydration（CH）. Further more, a decrease in Ca/Si ratio of the matrix was observed from the results of EDX analysis, which also leaded to an improvement of the compressive strength. These results are of great importance for the high-strength precast concrete manufacturing industry.展开更多
In this paper, a new type of pumped-storage power station with faster response speed, wider regulation range, and better stability is proposed. The operational flexible of the traditional pumped-storage power station ...In this paper, a new type of pumped-storage power station with faster response speed, wider regulation range, and better stability is proposed. The operational flexible of the traditional pumped-storage power station can be improved with variable-speed pumped-storage tech no logy. Combined with chemical en ergy storage, the failure to achieve sec on d-order response speed and the insufficient safety and reliability of pumped-storage power units could be solved. With the better solar en ergy and site resources, the in teg rated performance can be improved by an optical storage system in stalled in future pumped-storage stations. Through the characteristics analysis of the new type of pumped-storage power station, three types of optimal station locations are proposed, namely, the load concentration area, new energy concentration area, and ultrahigh- voltage direct current receiver area. Taking the new pumped-storage power station as an example, the advantages of multi-energy cooperation and joint operation are analyzed. It can be predicted that the frequency and load regulation of the power grid will be more flexible, and the service capacity to the main power grid will be much stronger in the future.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the fungistatic activity and synergistic effects of natural products and their constituents, including traditional oriental medicines(TOMs).Methods: Fungistatic activities of TOMs prepared by...Objective: To investigate the fungistatic activity and synergistic effects of natural products and their constituents, including traditional oriental medicines(TOMs).Methods: Fungistatic activities of TOMs prepared by hot-water(115 ℃) or ethanol(70%; 40 ℃) extraction were determined by their minimum inhibitory concentration.To assess possible synergistic effects, minimum inhibitory concentrations of various combinations were evaluated.Results: By evaluating antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum, which is a major causative fungus for several types of dermatophytosis, we confirmed that ethanol extracts were more active than hot-water extracts in 25 of the 36 TOMs, suggesting that the constituents with high hydrophobicity tend to contribute significantly to fungistatic activity.We selected four TOMs with high fungistatic activity, including Aucklandiae radix, Gentianae macrophyllae radix, Scutellariae radix, and Galla rhois, and their synergistic effects were investigated through the combination studies between TOMs or TOM-conventional drug terbinafine.In combinations between four TOMs, partial synergistic effects were observed in Aucklandiae radix–Galla rhois and Gentianae macrophyllae radix–Galla rhois combinations, as supported by the lowest fractional inhibitory concentration index value of 0.66 for both combinations.Furthermore, Galla rhois showed the strongest synergistic effect on growth inhibition of Trichophyton rubrumwith a fractional inhibitory concentration index value of 0.50 in combination with terbinafine.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the combination of TOMs and TOM-terbinafine may be effective on treatment for chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis by improving fungistatic activity and led to decrease systemic toxicity in clinical practice.展开更多
Converting carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) into useful fuels or chemical feedstocks is important for achieving peak carbon emission and carbon neutrality.Recently,photothermal catalysis has been extensively studied and applied...Converting carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) into useful fuels or chemical feedstocks is important for achieving peak carbon emission and carbon neutrality.Recently,photothermal catalysis has been extensively studied and applied due to its advantages over traditional heat-driven catalysis.In this review,we focus on photothermal catalysis of thermodynamically uphill reactions that convert CO_(2)into value-added products.We first introduce the fundamentals of photothermal catalysis for CO_(2)reduction,including the definition and classification of photothermal catalysis,followed by their photothermal conversion processes.The structure design of different types of photothermal catalysts is summarized.The superior performance of photothermal catalytic conversion of CO_(2)is illustrated and discussed,including improved CO_(2)activation,tunable selectivity towards different solar fuel products,and resistance to sintering and coking.Finally,the perspectives and challenges in this cutting-edge field are presented with the aim of advancing understanding of the underlying mechanisms and inspiring rational design of photothermal catalysts for highly efficient solar-to-fuel conversion.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Strategic Technology Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences,China(XDA05060300)the Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2011KJXX63)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(ZD2013021)
文摘The study was conducted in Zhifanggou Watershed,Shaanxi Province,China,to evaluate the effect of different vegetation types on hot-water extractable C,N and P fractions,with the aim to determine whether hot-water extractable fractions could be used as indicators of soil quality change in Loess Plateau.The six vegetation types established in 1975 were（i） Robinia pseudoacacia L.,（ii） Caragana korshinkii Kom.,（iii） Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.,（iv） P.tabulaeformis-Amorpha fruticosa L.,（v） R.pseudoacacia-A.fruticosa,and（vi） grassland.A cropped hillslope plot and a Platycladus orientalis L.native forest plot were used as references.The results indicated that the conversion of native forest to cropland resulted in a significant decline in the hot-water extractable C,N and P fractions.Hot-water extractable C,N,and P increased when cultivated land was revegetated,but after 30 years the amount of hot-water extractable C,N,and P in revegetated fields was still much lower compared to native forest.Hot-water extractable fractions increased more under mixed-forest than under pure-forest stands.Furthermore,there was a significant correlation between the hot-water extractable fractions and soil chemical and microbiological properties.The results showed that hot-water extractable fractions could be used as indicators of soil quality change on the Loess Plateau.
文摘In this study, effects of hot water extract of Paecilomyces hepiali mycelia on hypertension parameters in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. The tested parameters included blood pressure, blood and urine biochemical composition, renin and angiotensin II levels in the blood. Prior to these tests, the extract was examined for toxicity. The fungus was cultivated in a solid medium composed of 40 g brown rice, 0.32 g glucose, 0.65 g sucrose, 2 g peptone and 65 ml corn steep liquor. No abnormality or harmful effects were observed in the toxicity test. Administration of a continuous-dose, once daily, to SHR for 27 weeks (from 13 weeks of age) decreased the systolic blood pressure (SBP) significantly. Levels of blood urea nitrogen, β-lipoprotein lipid peroxides and low density lipoprotein were significantly lower in the treated groups when compared to the control group. Urinary protein was significantly reduced in the middle and high dose groups. In comparison with the control group (0 mg/kg/10ml/day), significantly higher values were obtained for total cholesterol in groups that were given middle (170 mg/kg/10ml/day) and high (250 mg/kg/10ml/day) dosages. In all dosages (low, middle and high) the values for triglyceride were significantly higher than value found in the control group. In terms of angiotensin II levels, the value in the control group was markedly higher than values in the other groups. The results suggest that oral administration of hot water extract of P. hepiali mycelia has ability to control hypertension in rats.
文摘Among the various techniques for enhancing the storage and consumption of energy in a thermal energy storage system,the establishment of thermal stratification in a hot-water container is an effective technology.The current study aims to assess the performance of the thermal stratification for hot-water containers using(ANSYS Fluent)R.1.0,2022,through the study of the impact of different numbers of paraffin-filled containers,namely 3,5,and 7,that are equivalent to 5,7,and 9 kg of paraffin,respectively.To validate the present numerical model,a comparison between the current study results and the experimental findings from the literature was conducted,and the results demonstrated that there was a good approval between these results.The results of this study depict that the profile temperature at the outlet of the container indicates an enhancement in the Richardson number and stratification number by 37.9%and 45.8%,respectively,when the charging process is finished.Furthermore,increasing the number of paraffin-filled containers from 5 to 9 results in a 29.9%improvement in charging efficiency,resulting in an improvement in storage efficiency.Finally,the results have proven that the 3D CFD approach is a highly beneficial tool to assess the effect of PCM mass on stratification performance in a hot-water container.
基金Funded by the National Fundamental Scientific Research Project of China(2009CB623201)
文摘To study the relationship between material composition, curing conditions and strength development, the study simulated high-strength precast concrete pile production, and a high-strength mortar up to 90 MPa was designed and a hot-water pool was built for concrete curing. The major point of the study was to achieve a high early strength by using cement/metakaolin systems without autoclave curing with high-pressure steam. By means of XRD and thermal analysis, the progress of the hydration of the cement pastes blended with metakaolin was characterized. The main results indicate that high strength can be obtained at early age by the use of metakaolin and thermal treatment （hot-water curing）. The improvement in strength of mortars with metakaolin can be explained by an increase in the amount of C-S-H and C-S-A-H hydrated phases and a decrease in the amount of calcium hydration（CH）. Further more, a decrease in Ca/Si ratio of the matrix was observed from the results of EDX analysis, which also leaded to an improvement of the compressive strength. These results are of great importance for the high-strength precast concrete manufacturing industry.
基金supported by the State Grid Science and Technology Project(No.SGZJ0000KXJS1800313/Title 1:Research on Key Technologies Engineering Application of Large Variable Speed Pumped Storage UnitNo.SGTYHT/17-JS-199/Title 2:Study on Transient Characteristics Analysis of Variable Speed Pumped Storage Unit and Coordination Control Technology of Network Source)
文摘In this paper, a new type of pumped-storage power station with faster response speed, wider regulation range, and better stability is proposed. The operational flexible of the traditional pumped-storage power station can be improved with variable-speed pumped-storage tech no logy. Combined with chemical en ergy storage, the failure to achieve sec on d-order response speed and the insufficient safety and reliability of pumped-storage power units could be solved. With the better solar en ergy and site resources, the in teg rated performance can be improved by an optical storage system in stalled in future pumped-storage stations. Through the characteristics analysis of the new type of pumped-storage power station, three types of optimal station locations are proposed, namely, the load concentration area, new energy concentration area, and ultrahigh- voltage direct current receiver area. Taking the new pumped-storage power station as an example, the advantages of multi-energy cooperation and joint operation are analyzed. It can be predicted that the frequency and load regulation of the power grid will be more flexible, and the service capacity to the main power grid will be much stronger in the future.
基金supported by the Grant K17281 from Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine(KIOM),provided by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(MISP),Republic of Korea
文摘Objective: To investigate the fungistatic activity and synergistic effects of natural products and their constituents, including traditional oriental medicines(TOMs).Methods: Fungistatic activities of TOMs prepared by hot-water(115 ℃) or ethanol(70%; 40 ℃) extraction were determined by their minimum inhibitory concentration.To assess possible synergistic effects, minimum inhibitory concentrations of various combinations were evaluated.Results: By evaluating antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum, which is a major causative fungus for several types of dermatophytosis, we confirmed that ethanol extracts were more active than hot-water extracts in 25 of the 36 TOMs, suggesting that the constituents with high hydrophobicity tend to contribute significantly to fungistatic activity.We selected four TOMs with high fungistatic activity, including Aucklandiae radix, Gentianae macrophyllae radix, Scutellariae radix, and Galla rhois, and their synergistic effects were investigated through the combination studies between TOMs or TOM-conventional drug terbinafine.In combinations between four TOMs, partial synergistic effects were observed in Aucklandiae radix–Galla rhois and Gentianae macrophyllae radix–Galla rhois combinations, as supported by the lowest fractional inhibitory concentration index value of 0.66 for both combinations.Furthermore, Galla rhois showed the strongest synergistic effect on growth inhibition of Trichophyton rubrumwith a fractional inhibitory concentration index value of 0.50 in combination with terbinafine.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the combination of TOMs and TOM-terbinafine may be effective on treatment for chronic and recurrent dermatophytosis by improving fungistatic activity and led to decrease systemic toxicity in clinical practice.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China (2204079)the Science and Technology General Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM202010020001)support from the endowed Jacob F. Buckman Chair fund。
文摘Converting carbon dioxide(CO_(2)) into useful fuels or chemical feedstocks is important for achieving peak carbon emission and carbon neutrality.Recently,photothermal catalysis has been extensively studied and applied due to its advantages over traditional heat-driven catalysis.In this review,we focus on photothermal catalysis of thermodynamically uphill reactions that convert CO_(2)into value-added products.We first introduce the fundamentals of photothermal catalysis for CO_(2)reduction,including the definition and classification of photothermal catalysis,followed by their photothermal conversion processes.The structure design of different types of photothermal catalysts is summarized.The superior performance of photothermal catalytic conversion of CO_(2)is illustrated and discussed,including improved CO_(2)activation,tunable selectivity towards different solar fuel products,and resistance to sintering and coking.Finally,the perspectives and challenges in this cutting-edge field are presented with the aim of advancing understanding of the underlying mechanisms and inspiring rational design of photothermal catalysts for highly efficient solar-to-fuel conversion.
