The Impact of Temperature on the Electromagnet and Structural Optimization of a Solenoid Valve

The mathematical model of the solenoid valve under varying temperatures is constructed to investigate its performance and enhance heat dissipation balance.The relationship between temperature and electromagnetic force is determined.Electrothermal coupling simulation using COMSOL is conducted,optimizing the outer diameter and length structure parameters of the coil.It is established that the heat dissipation of the coil is influenced by its outer diameter.Subsequently,based on optimized coil structure parameters,an orthogonal experimental design method combined with Ansys Maxwell is employed for simulation solution analysis to study the impact of structural parameters such as length,position,front and rear angles of the magnetic barrier ring in the iron core,armature length,and through-hole size on electromagnetic force.Optimal structural parameters are identified.Results indicate a decrease in steady-state electromagnet temperature by 3-4℃,an increase in the initial electromagnetic force by 32.63%,and a rise in the maximum electromagnetic force by 27.10%.

Development of a Drilling and Coring Test-bed for Lunar Subsurface Exploration and Preliminary Experiments

Drill sampling has been widely employed as an effective way to acquire deep samples in extraterrestrial exploration. A novel sampling method, namely, flexible-tube coring, was adopted for the Chang＇e mission to acquire drilling cores without damaging stratification information. Since the extraterrestrial environment is uncertain and different from the terrestrial environment, automated drill sampling missions are at risk of failure. The principles of drilling and coring for the lunar subsurface should be fully tested and verified on earth before launch. This paper proposes a test-bed for conducting the aforementioned experiments on earth. The test-bed comprises a rotary-percussive drilling mechanism, penetrating mechanism, drilling medium container, and signal acquisition and control system. For granular soil, coring experiments indicate that the sampling method has a high coring rate greater than 80%. For hard rock, drilling experiments indicate that the percussive frequency greatly affects the drilling efficiency. A multi-layered simulant composed of granular soil and hard rock is built to test the adaptability of drilling and coring. To tackle complex drilling media, an intelligent drilling strategy based on online recognition is proposed to improve the adaptability of the sampling drill. The primary features of this research are the proposal of a scheme for drilling and coring a test-bed for validation on earth and the execution of drilling experiments in complex media.

Design and Test of the Semi-Automatic Test-Bed with Inclined Belt of Garlic Transplanting Machine

In order to verify the feasibility of semi-automatic garlic planter with inclined belt program and determine its reasonable operating parameters, the semi-automatic test-bed with inclined belt of garlic transplanting machine was designed, and the garlic box experiments were conducted. The angle of inclined belt on the test-bed and its running speed were adjustable. Single factor test results showed that the program of the semi-automatic garlic planter with inclined belt was feasible, and the angle of inclined belt and the test bed running speed affected the indicators. Orthogonal experiment results showed that the angle of inclined belt was the main factor affecting the test indicators. It is also found that the best angle was 30 degrees, while the most reasonable running speed was 0.75 Km/h.

Simplified Removable Ground Test-Bed for Testing Turbofan Engine

A new simplified removable ground test-bed was designed for testing a certainturbofan engine. The facilities are 5.5 m long, 1.5 m wide, 2.2 m high and not more than 4. 5 t ofits empty weight. There are four rubber wheels that could be towed. There is an independentelectrical measurement and control system to test the rotational speed of rotors, the gas pressureof the compressor, the exhaust gas temperature, etc. Cooperated with the oil truck and the electricpower supply truck, the turbofan engine could be preserved on the ground and started to the idlingregime. While running, the parameter of the engine could be recorded, disposed and displayed. Inaddition, the facilities were successfully applied to the plateau experiment in order to researchhow the atmosphere pressure affects the start of engines. Some data are given in the paper.

两种直动式高速电磁阀数值模拟与动态响应对比分析

针对直动式高速电磁阀动铁芯与阀芯加工、装配工艺要求高,一致性较差的问题,提出了一种动铁芯与阀芯可分离的结构,基于AMESim平台建立此款电磁阀电–磁–机–气多物理场耦合模型,考虑了动铁芯与阀芯撞击与分离的情况,并在试验台上进行了验证。然后与另一种动铁芯与阀芯“绑定”的结构形式进行比较分析。结果表明:两种电磁阀在动态响应与影响动态响应的关键参数存在差别。在同等条件下,第一种结构形式的电磁阀动态响应整体略差,但是其对动铁芯–阀芯加工、装配工艺的要求较低。

基于改进GWO-BP神经网络的电磁线圈温升预测

针对差速器运转时电磁线圈温升的非线性与复杂性以及传统BP神经网络在预测中存在的问题,采用改进后的灰狼算法(gray wolf optimization,GWO)对BP神经网络进行优化,并根据室温环境下现场跟踪试验的数据建立以运行时间、直流电流、运转功率为输入,以某型电子锁式差速器电磁线圈连续工作8 h后的实时温度与初始环境温度间的温升差值为输出的网络预测模型。选取平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)、平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)、均方误差(mean square error,MSE)作为系统评价指标,分别与传统BP网络模型、粒子群算法优化后的网络模型(PSO-BP)进行对比,结果表明GWO-BP神经网络模型具有更好的预测能力和更小的误差精度。为实现汽车轴间差速器上电磁线圈温升变化的精准预测提供了方法和思路。

核级电磁阀在稳压器安全阀中的应用分析研究

电磁阀在国内核电站应用越加广泛,在稳压器安全阀中的作用越加突出,属于核安全关键设备,须保证核反应堆系统的可靠运行。为充分发挥核级电磁阀的作用和优点,针对性地开展电磁阀的设计,合理配置选用电磁阀,本研究从目前国内核电厂稳压器安全阀用电磁阀的应用现状、应用原理进行分析,阐述了各种核级电磁阀的配置方案、结构功能及性能特点,比较分析了单列电磁阀、双联电磁阀、双稳态电磁阀的应用场景和工作原理,针对各种核反应堆的设计理念,给出了核级电磁阀不同的应用建议。

正负脉冲电压驱动的电磁螺纹插装阀动态特性分析

提出了一种基于PWM技术的正负脉冲电压控制策略,用于提高锥阀式电磁螺纹插装阀启闭动态响应速度,使其满足数字液压技术的要求。在分析电磁螺纹插装阀结构和工作原理基础上,建立了电磁螺纹插装阀的数学模型,并在AMESim软件中搭建电磁螺纹插装阀及其测试系统的多物理场耦合建模,研究不同正负脉冲电压持续时间条件下电磁螺纹插装阀线圈电流、阀芯位移、电磁力的变化规律,确定了电磁螺纹插装阀响应速度最快时正负脉冲电压控制策略的最优控制参数。利用半实物仿真系统搭建SCV硬件在环测试实验台,对所提正负脉冲控制策略进行验证。实验表明,与常规电压控制策略相比,当正负脉冲电压控制策略中正负脉冲电压持续时间都为10 ms时,电磁螺纹插装阀的开启时间由30 ms缩短到13.5 ms,其关闭时间由139 ms缩短到14 ms。研究结果为电磁螺纹插装阀的高响应化和数字液压技术的发展提供参考。

电磁脉冲强化中螺线管线圈缠绕的对比研究

为探索更好的螺线管线圈缠绕方式,从热力学、空间占有率和绕制角度考虑,分析得到矩形截面铜导线更适合绕制电磁脉冲螺线管线圈,运用有限元软件仿真模拟了5种缠绕形式的螺线管线圈在6 kV电压的电磁脉冲情况,对线圈及棒件受到的电磁力进行了对比分析。发现在单根导线中,平式缠绕导线的受力更小;在双根导线情况下,单层并联缠绕整体优于双层并联缠绕。在实验中采用棒件电磁脉冲表面强化技术,结果表明,在电磁力作用下导线的变形与电流热效应产生的温升是使螺线管线圈损坏的主要原因,双根导线单层并联缠绕的螺线管线圈性能更好且具有较长的使用寿命。电磁脉冲可以使钛棒的维氏硬度提升约15%,但过度加工会使硬度下降。

电液复合调速器中比例电磁铁的多参数优化

比例电磁铁是柴油机电液复合调速系统的电磁驱动元件,其电磁力特性影响到整个调速系统的精确度与稳定性。首先利用Ansys Maxwell软件搭建比例电磁铁的仿真模型,并通过电磁阀测试平台验证模型的准确性。随后对电磁铁各结构尺寸进行参数化分析,得到影响比例电磁铁电磁力特性的关键参数组合。最后使用响应面法建立平均电磁力、电磁力均方差与上隔磁角、隔磁环位置、衔铁半径3个因素的二次回归模型,并结合遗传算法进行多目标优化。结果表明,相较于原方案,遗传算法优化得到的结构参数组合方案使比例电磁铁的电磁力特性得到明显改善,平均电磁力提高了8.56%,电磁力均方差下降了59.63%。

汽车发动机电控燃油系统电磁阀特性仿真

为了定量分析电磁阀参数对其动态响应特性的影响,基于电磁理论建立了电磁阀的数学模型,并使用仿真模型开展了仿真研究。模拟了电磁阀在恒电压驱动下的动态响应过程,研究了驱动电压、初始气隙、弹簧预紧力和线圈匝数四个参数对电磁阀动态特性的影响,给出了电磁阀在不同参数下的位移变化曲线,从理论上确定了电磁阀的动态响应特性与其结构参数和控制参数之间的关系,为电磁阀的参数匹配及电控燃油系统的优化设计提供了依据。

基于PLC的变量喷雾系统的设计与试验

精准农业是农业生产的发展方向,故根据精准农业中变量喷雾技术的发展需求,对变量喷雾技术进行研究。在此,主要介绍了一种基于可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)的变量喷雾系统,通过试验验证该变量喷雾系统的变量性能。变量喷雾系统主要由PLC、触摸屏(Touch Panel Monitor)、电磁阀、药水泵、压力表及电源模块等组成,使用触摸屏通过RS232通讯给PLC发送变量信号,PLC接收到信号后调节电磁阀的开度,达到变量喷雾的目的。通过在3个不同管路压力、10个不同电磁阀开度的试验,建立管路压力、电磁阀开度和喷头喷雾量的模型参数。试验结果表明:喷雾系统有较好的变量能力,在同一压力、不同开度条件下的最大变量能力为6.77,在不同压力、不同开度工作条件下最大变量能力为9.91。在不同压力下,分析并验证了电磁阀开度与喷雾量之间函数关系,曲线拟合结果表明:利用线性函数、指数函数、多项式函数拟合电磁阀开度和喷雾量,决定系数均大于0.9,最大为0.9998。相对误差分析结果表明:利用指数函数和多项式函数拟合的平均相对误差均在4%以内,可为变量喷雾机的设计与应用提供技术与数据支撑。

电磁阀异步启闭的PWM喷雾系统设计与试验

PWM变量喷雾是国内外精准农业领域的研究热点,但PWM变量喷雾过程中电磁阀的快速启闭在管路内易形成压力脉冲,致使喷头喷雾压力发生变化,导致喷雾质量下降。为了降低压力脉冲,设计了一种相邻电磁阀异步启闭的PWM喷雾系统,由移动底盘、药箱、隔膜泵、稳压罐、PWM控制器、电磁阀及压力表等组成,通过延时控制,实现电磁阀异步启闭。在室内无风环境条件下,探究了喷雾系统电磁阀前管路内压力波动特性和沉积量分布均匀性。试验表明:与电磁阀同步启闭的PWM喷雾系统相比,电磁阀异步启闭可有效降低管路内压力峰值,不同PWM频率工况条件下,50%占空比时降幅最大,降幅最高为14%;20Hz频率条件下,异步启闭PWM喷雾的沉积量分布均匀性变异系数略高于常规连续喷雾,但均小于15%。上述结果符合喷杆喷雾机技术性能国家标准。

隔膜式电磁阀内部流场数值模型构建与流动特性分析

基于k-ε(k为湍流动能,ε为湍流耗散率)湍流模型,以进口质量流量、出口静压为数值计算条件,建立了隔膜阀内部流场的数值模拟模型,并对模型的精度进行了试验验证。在此基础上,应用该模型分析了不同进口流量(2.787~33.273 kg/s)条件下阀体内部流动特性及压力场分布规律,并建立了进口流量与阀体水头损失的精确数量关系。结果表明:(1)数值模拟能较好的预测不同流量条件下阀体的水头损失,在进口流量分别为5.546、11.091和16.637 kg/s时,试验与数值模拟相对误差仅为-6.433%、4.619%和7.264%。(2)在进口流量恒定的条件下,从进口至出口,流道内的静压总体沿程呈减小趋势,在阀体内部由于阀坎的阻挡造成流道收缩以及水流撞击隔膜产生折流而出现较大的静压变化梯度。(3)水流在经过阀坎上的窄流道后,在阀体下游形成明显的空化区,伴随着有一定的回流现象,阀体下游的空化区主要出现在距出口1/3流体域处,随着进口流量的增大,阀体下游的涡流更加剧烈,回流现象更为显著,但回流区的范围并未显著增加。(4)在模型精度验证的基础上,应用该模型进一步分析了18种进口流量条件下阀体内部流动特性及压力场分布规律,并建立了进口质量流量Q与阀体水头损失?P的数量关系,当进口质量流量Q从2.787~15.428 kg/s,雷诺数从37927~215984时的拟合方程为?P=2076.31Q-7567.49,R^(2)=0.964;进口质量流量从17.141~33.273 kg/s,雷诺数从240097~467009时的拟合方程为?P=5688.02Q-67317.39,R^(2)=0.993,为灌溉管网水力计算提供了参考依据。

Application of High-speed Solenoid Valve to the Semi-active Control of Landing Gear

To select or develop an appropriate actuator is one of the key and difficult issues in the study of semi-active controlled landing gear. Performance of the actuator may directly affect the effectiveness of semi-active control. In this article, parallel high-speed solenoid valves are chosen to be the actuators for the semi-active controlled landing gear and being studied. A nonlinear high-speed solenoid valve model is developed with the consideration of magnetic saturation characteristics and verified by test. According to the design rule of keeping the peak load as small as possible while absorbing the specified shock energy, a fuzzy PD control rule is designed. By the rule controller parameters can be self-regulated. The simulation results indicate that the semi-active control based on high-speed solenoid valve can effectively improve the control performance and reduce impact load during landing.

A Novel Lateral Solenoidal On-Chip Integrated Inductor Implemented in Conventional Si Process

A new structure of the on- chip integrated inductors im plem ented in conventional Si process is presented as a lateral solenoid.The fabrication process utilizes a conventional Si technology with standard double- layer m etal- lization.S param eters of the inductors based equivalent circuit are investigated and the inductor parameters are cal- culated from the m easured data.Experimental results are presented on an integrated inductors fabricated in a lateral solenoid type utilizing double m etal layers rather than a single metal layer as used in conventional planar spiral de- vices.Inductors with peak Q of 1.3and inductance value of 2 .2 n H are presented,which are com parable to conven- tional planar spiral inductors.

基于LabVIEW的电缆测井仪器智能测试系统设计

针对传统测井仪器的测控设备普遍存在的精度低、可靠性差和研发周期长等问题,设计了一套基于LabVIEW的电缆测井仪器智能测试系统。RS-485通信协议将计算和控制功能从电机和电磁阀控制箱转移到计算机上,使测井仪器具备了智能复位、智能液压、推靠收缩探针、往复抽吸等智能化控制功能;并且能对仪器活塞位置,计时、倒计时,探针升降收缩状态图,电机转速、电流XY图,以及抽取流体体积图进行实时显示。实验测试表明,该系统能稳定控制电机和电磁阀,能监控电机的电压、电流和转速,能保存数据信息,同时具有很好的鲁棒性。

基于GA-BP神经网络的CDC减振器电磁阀优化研究

针对CDC减振器电磁阀研究中,只针对单一参数对电磁特性进行影响分析,且获得电磁阀最优结构参数组合速度较慢的不足,本文提出了基于GA-BP神经网络的电磁阀特性优化方法。首先,利用ANSYS Maxwell仿真分析,得到不同参数组合下的电磁力,然后训练样本集建立BP神经网络电磁力预测模型,再采用遗传算法优化,寻得最优的参数组合,建立GA-BP神经网络模型。结果表明,将GA-BP神经网络算法应用于电磁力的预测,能有效提高电磁阀的设计效率。

电磁感应加热装置中磁-热-流耦合特性分析

采用磁热流多元物理场耦合仿真的方法,研究感应加热系统中的不同线圈结构、激励条件下壁面欧姆损失、温度特征值、磁场强度等多物理场相关的特征值,由结果可知:线圈结构以及激励条件会对磁场及温度场产生不同程度的影响,壁面的欧姆损失与电流幅值、电流频率、线圈匝数呈正相关,与线圈与管道中心的距离呈负相关;随着电流幅值从100 A升高至180 A,壁面加热功率从167 W提升至3223 W,出口平均温度从20.5℃提升至28.6℃;管壁内的电流密度以及磁通密度会随着线圈内电流频率的增加而更加集中于管壁薄层内;随着线圈频率从0.05 kHz提升至20 kHz,不锈钢表层内的最大电流密度将从1.29×10^(6)A/m^(2)升高至1.25×10^(8)A/m^(2);当电流频率为0.05 kHz时,最大磁通密度为0.5 T;当电流频率为20 kHz时,最大磁通密度为4.8 T。

双向复位高速开关电磁阀动态响应特性仿真研究

高速开关电磁阀作为典型的伺服液压系统执行元件,逐渐成为高精密液压系统的核心部件之一。针对双复位弹簧式高速开关电磁阀的动态响应特性开展研究,建立高速开关电磁阀的多场耦合动力学模型,系统研究了高速开关电磁阀阀芯内径、弹簧刚度、线圈线径、工作温度、控制频率及占空比等对高速开关电磁阀阀芯所受到的电磁力和阀芯运动位移的影响,得到了高速开关电磁阀的优化设计参数,为进一步研制响应速度快、性能稳定、流量及承压范围大、环境适应性强的高速开关电磁阀奠定了一定的理论基础。