Influence of Ni interlayer on interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V/AZ91D bimetals fabricated by a solid–liquid compound casting process

The solid–liquid compound casting of Mg-AZ91D and Ti-TC4 alloys was developed by using pure Ni electro-deposited coating.The pouring temperatures of 660℃,690℃,720℃and 750℃were chosen to investigated the effects of casting temperatures on microstructural evolution,properties,and fracture behaviors of Ni-coated TC4/AZ91D bimetals by the solid–liquid compound casting(SLCC).The scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and the energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)results showed that the interfacial zone mainly composed of nickel,Mg_(2)Ni and Mg-Al-Ni in the bimetals cast at 660℃.As the pouring temperature was increased to 750℃,the width of the interface zone,which mainly composed ofδ(Mg),Mg_(2)Ni,Mg-Al-Ni,Mg_(3)TiNi_(2) and Al_(3)Ni,gradually increased.The microhardness tests showed that the micro-hardness of the interface zone was smaller than that of TC4 substrate but larger than that of the cast AZ91D matrix.At the pouring temperature of 720℃,the Ni-coated TC4/AZ91D bimetals had the most typical homogeneous interface,which had granular Mg-Al-Ni ternary phase but no ribbon-like Al3Ni binary phase,and achieved the highest shear strength of 97.35MPa.Meanwhile,further fracture behavior analysis showed that most fracture failure of Ni-coated TC4/AZ91D bimetals occurred at the Mg_(2)Ni+δ(Mg)eutectic structure and Al_(3)Ni hard intermetallic.

Dispersion of Axisymmetric Longitudinal Waves in A Bi-Material Compound Solid Cylinder Made of Viscoelastic Materials

The paper studies the dispersion of axisymmetric longitudinal waves in the bi-material compound circular cylinder made of linear viscoelastic materials.The investigations are carried out within the scope of the piecewise homogeneous body model by utilizing the exact equations of linear viscoelasto-dynamics.The corresponding dispersion equation is derived for an arbitrary type of hereditary operator and the algorithm is developed for its numerical solution.Concrete numerical results are obtained for the case where the relations of the constituents of the cylinder are described through fractional exponential operators.The influence of the viscosity of the materials of the compound cylinder on the wave dispersion is studied through the rheological parameters which indicate the characteristic creep time and long-term values of the elastic constants of these materials.Dispersion curves are presented for certain selected dispersive and non-dispersive attenuation cases under various values of the problem parameters and the influence of the aforementioned rheological parameters on these curves is discussed.As a result of the numerical investigations,in particular,it is established that in the case where the rheological parameters of the components of the compound cylinder are the same,the viscosity of the layers’materials causes the axisymmetric wave propagation velocity to decrease.

Deciphering the Origin of Abiotic Organic Compounds on Earth:Review and Future Prospects

The geologic production of abiotic organic compounds has been the subject of increasing scientific attention due to their use in the global carbon flux balance,by chemosynthetic biological communities,and for energy resources.Extensive analysis of methane(CH_(4))and other organics in diverse geologic settings,combined with thermodynamic modelings and laboratory simulations,have yielded insights into the distribution of specific abiotic organic molecules on Earth and the favorable conditions and pathways under which they form.This updated and comprehensive review summarizes published results of petrological,thermodynamic,and experimental investigations of possible pathways for the formation of particular species of abiotic simple hydrocarbon molecules such as CH_(4),and of complex hydrocarbon systems,e.g.,long-chain hydrocarbons and even solid carbonaceous matters,in various geologic processes,distinguished into three classes:(1)pre-to early planetary processes;(2)mantle and magmatic processes;and(3)the gas/water-rock reaction processes in low-pressure ultramafic rock and high-pressure subduction zone systems.We not only emphasize how organics are abiotically synthesized but also explore the role or changes of organics in evolutionary geological environments after synthesis,such as phase transitions or organic-mineral interactions.Correspondingly,there is an urgent need to explore the diversity of abiotic organic compounds prevailing on Earth.

THE NEW MODEL FOR CALCULATION OF STANDARD ENTROPIES OF SOLID COMPOUNDS Ⅲ CALCULATION FOR STANDARD ENTROPIES OF SOLID BINARY OXIDES

This paper establishes a new model for calculation of the standard entropies of solid binary oxides as follows: S_(29)=27.07×Φ_1+1.120×Φ_2+n_1×k×Φ, -22.19 e.u (R=0.9960) We have invesigated 103 binary oxides. and found good agreemenl between estimated and experimental entropies.

Release of volatile organic compounds during bio-drying of municipal solid waste

Three treatments were tested to investigate the release concentrations of volatile organic compounds （VOCs） during the bio-drying of municipal solid waste （MSW） by the aerobic and combined hydrolytic-aerobic processes.Results showed that VOCs were largely released in the first 4 days of bio-drying and the dominant components were：dimethyl disulfide,dimethyl sulfide,benzene,2-butanone,limonene and methylene chloride.Thus,the combined hydrolytic-aerobic process was suggested for MSW bio-drying due to fewer aeration quantities in this phase when compared with the aerobic process,and the treatment strategies should base on the key properties of these prominent components.Malodorous sulfur compounds and terpenes were mainly released in the early phase of bio-drying,whereas,two peaks of release concentrations appeared for aromatics and ketones during bio-drying.Notably,for the combined hydrolytic-aerobic processes there were also high concentrations of released aromatics in the shift from hydrolytic to aerobic stages.High concentrations of released chlorinateds were observed in the later phase.For the VOCs produced during MSW bio-drying,i.e.,malodorous sulfur compounds,terpenes and chlorinateds,their release concentrations were mainly determined by production rates;for the VOCs presented initially in MSW,such as aromatics,their transfer and transport in MSW mainly determined the release concentrations.

SOLID STATE PHOTOREACTION OF N-HETERO-CYCLIC COMPOUNDS

Photochemical reactions of 3-methylindole,carbazole,benzimidazole with fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in solid state were investigated,The structures of 4 new compounds were confirmed by IR,UV,\+1HNNR,MS and elemental analysis.The structure of compounds 3.6 was established by X-ray crystallography.

CATIONIC RING-OPENING POLYMERIZATION OF TETRAHYDROFURAN WITH KEGGIN-TYPE HETEROPOLYCOMPOUNDS AS SOLID ACID CATALYSTS

Three Keggin-type heteropolyanions, namely H3PMo12O40-13H2O, （NH4）3PMo12O40·4H2O and H3PW12O40·13H2O were prepared and tested in the ring-opening polymerization reaction of tetrahydrofuran. The effects of the counter-cation （H＋, NH4＋） and the peripheral atoms （Mo, W） on the polymerization were investigated. It has been found that when the protons of H3PMo12O40·13H2O were replaced by the ammonium cations the polymerization rate decreased dramatically. Whereas, when the peripheral atoms （Mo） were replaced by their homologous （W）, the polymerization rate increased twofold. As for the viscosity average molecular weight （My） of polymer products, it was found that the high molecular weight （7930） was obtained by using H3PW12O40·13H2O. The molecular weight （My） obtained by H3PMo12O40·13H2O and （NH4）H3PMo12O40·13H2O was 6470 and 6810, respectively.

A Green and Facile Solid-state Synthesis Method for the Preparation of Diazenecarboxamide Azo Compounds with Potassium Ferricyanide and Sodium Hydroxide System

Eleven new-typed azo compounds were synthesized in good yields by dehydrogenating the corresponding aryl substituted semicarbazides using potassium ferricyanide and sodium hydroxide system under solid-state conditions.

STUDIES ON SOLID STATE REACTIONS OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS(LXⅡ)Solid state synthesis and crystal structure of the complex ICu_(0.84)Au_(0.16)(PPh_3)_2(SC(Ph)NHPh)CIJ·0.5CS_2

[Cu_(0.84)Au_(0.16)(PPh_3)_2(SC(Ph)NHPh)Cl]·0.5CS_2=,Mr=895.79,monoclinic,space group P2_1/a,a=17.231(3),b=14.611(2),c=18.000(3) ,β=105.56(2)°,V=4365(1) ~3, Z=4,D_c=1.37g/cm^3.,λ(MoK_α)=0.71073 ,μ=12.15cm^(-1),F(000)=1855,R=0.052, R_W=0.045 for 3930 observed reflections with Ⅰ>1.5σ(Ⅰ).The central metal atom has a dis. torted tetrahedral geometry with bond lengths Cu-S=2.384(2) (Au-S=2.389(4)), Cu-Cl=2.481(3)(Au-Cl=2.474(1))and Cu-P=2.269(2)-2.289(2)(Au-P=2.270(4)-2.279(4)) .

植物乳杆菌固体发酵对复方中药中有效成分含量的影响

该研究采用植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)BLCC2-0015、BLCC2-0126和BLCC2-0410固体发酵复方中药(黄芪、甘草和益母草等),测定发酵过程中复方中药的pH、微生物数量及总酸、有机酸、粗多糖等有效成分含量的变化,评价其对复方中药有效成分含量的影响。结果表明,植物乳杆菌发酵可降低复方中药的pH值,提高乳杆菌活菌数,抑制大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)及霉菌的生长,并提高总酸、乳酸、苹果酸、粗多糖、阿魏酸及甘草次酸的含量。其中,植物乳杆菌BLCC2-0410发酵效果最好,发酵72 h时,复方中药的pH为4.32;乳杆菌活菌数为4.53×10^(9)CFU/g,大肠杆菌及霉菌未检出;总酸、乳酸、苹果酸、粗多糖、阿魏酸和甘草次酸含量均显著升高(P<0.05),分别为27.82 g/kg、19.25 g/kg、4.06 g/kg、5.83%、42.00 mg/kg和517.9 mg/kg。

Molecularly Imprinted Micro-Solid-Phase Extraction for the Selective Determination of Phenolic Compounds in Environmental Water Samples with High Performance Liquid Chromatraphy

2,4,6-trichlorophenol molecularly imprinted suspension polymer has been prepared and applied to the molecularly imprinted micro-solid-phase extraction procedure for selective preconcentration of phenolic compounds from environmental water samples. The influence of functional monomer, cross-linker, polymerization condition, porogen, and the ratio of template molecule and functional monomer to cross-linker on the size of the obtained particles were investigated. It was found that methyacrylic acid as functional monomer, divinylbenzene as cross-linker, the molar ratio of template molecule and functional monomer to cross-linker was 1:4:20, the amount of AIBN was 100 mg, ultraviolet radiation at 365 nm were the optimal conditions, and at these conditions, the polymers had the best adsorption efficiency and had the monodispersity of 2 - 3 μm microsphere particles. The characteristics of the MIMSPE method were valid by high performance liquid chromatography. This MIMSPE-HPLC method has been successfully applied to the direct preconcentration and determination of phenolic compounds (phenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorophenol) in environmental water samples.

川东北宣汉地区海相“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”的发现、突破与前景

全球探明钾盐资源主体为古代海相可溶性固体钾盐矿床(氯化钾、光卤石),仅少量来自现代盐湖卤水钾矿。与国外不同的是,目前我国探明钾盐资源主体为现代陆相盐湖钾矿,古代海相可溶性固体钾盐找矿40余年,未获突破。四川盆地是我国主要大型海相成钾盆地之一,前人在中—下三叠统发现大量与硬石膏和白云石共伴生或互层的杂卤石,但绝大部分埋深超过2000 m,目前尚难以开发利用。2017年以来,笔者通过对四川盆地东北部宣汉盐盆普光地区卤水探井(恒成2、3井)岩芯复查,发现杂卤石主要与石盐共伴生,大量破碎的杂卤石碎屑颗粒分布于石盐基质中,KCl含量达边界工业品位以上,不同于钾石盐和光卤石,亦不同于前人发现的与硬石膏和白云石共伴生或互层的杂卤石(石膏型杂卤石),将之命名为“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”。小试和中试结果表明,该“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”可以采用对接井注水溶采,是能够得到规模化开发利用的“活矿”,是一种全新的硫酸盐+氯化物复合型海相可溶性固体钾盐矿床新类型。通过成钾条件、成矿规律综合研究,笔者提出了新型杂卤石钾盐矿“双控复合成矿”理论新认识、建立了“三高、两低、一大”综合测井识别新模型,创新理论技术指导设计部署“钾锂兼探”基准井——川宣地1井,探获厚29.46 m、氯化钾(KCl)平均含量12.03%(最高20.5%)的“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”厚层高品位工业矿层。与此同时,采用岩芯样品实测数据和测井解释数据拟合的方法,建立矿石K含量和密度参数的测井定量预测模型,结合“气钾兼探”,利用33口钻井数据,依据古代固体盐类勘查规范(2020),运用“几何法”,初步估算“新型杂卤石钾盐矿”氯化钾(KCl)资源规模:推断资源量2.45亿t(超大型)、潜在资源4.65亿t,合计7.1亿t,奠定了川东北达州市宣汉地区形成中国首个亿吨级海相钾盐基地的资源基础,取得了我国海相可溶性固体钾盐找矿的重大突破。

铝钢双金属液固复合铸造研究现状

随着资源短缺、环境污染等问题日益凸显,节能减排成为全世界追逐的目标,汽车工业中用轻质铝合金代替传统的钢或铸铁的趋势越来越明显。铝钢双金属兼具铝合金和钢或铸铁的性能优势,是极具潜力的缸体、活塞等发动机零部件材料。双金属复合铸造因具有工艺简单、结构受限小等优点而被广泛关注。铝钢液固双金属复合铸造的主要挑战包括基体表面易氧化、Al对Fe润湿性差和界面处形成硬脆金属间化合物,导致双金属结合性能不理想。近年来,研究人员在提高铝钢液固复合铸造双金属界面结合强度方面开展了大量研究。本文对常用的铝钢液固复合铸造工艺及其质量影响因素进行了概括,并总结了近年来铝钢液固复合铸造双金属界面相组成和演变过程的研究现状,最后对铝钢液固复合铸造在提高界面结合强度方面的研究进展进行了综述。在此基础上,本文对铝钢双金属液固复合铸造未来研究和发展方向进行了总结和展望。

柴达木盆地南翼山地区油田卤水中挥发性有机物分析

柴达木盆地南翼山地区油田卤水中无机盐资源丰富,但油田卤水中高含量的有机物会对该地区卤水资源的开发利用产生一定的影响。挥发性有机物(VOCs)是油田卤水中广泛存在的一类物质,对VOCs的系统研究有助于全面了解油田卤水有机物的组成特征。文章采用单因素分析法,通过优化顶空-固相微萃取实验条件,建立非目标性分析油田卤水VOCs物质组成的方法。结果显示,四种不同萃取纤维头对油田卤水中VOCs的非目标性富集效果存在较大差别,富集效率由好到差依次为50/30μm Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane(DVB/CAR/PDMS)、75μm CAR/PDMS、65μm PDMS/DVB和100μm PDMS。基于富集到的VOCs组分总峰面积和峰数目,选择50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取纤维头,最佳萃取条件为在80℃下恒温30 min、萃取50 min、解吸3 min。从南翼山地区油田卤水中共检出56种VOCs,主要包含苯系物、烷烃类化合物、多环芳烃类化合物以及部分含杂原子有机化合物。本研究结果可丰富南翼山地区油田卤水中有机物的物质组成数据,为该地区油田卤水综合利用过程中有机物的有效处理或去除提供科学依据,并为其他地区高盐油田卤水中VOCs的分析方法提供借鉴。

固态复合调味料的鲜味物质及其强度分析

为研究不同种类鲜味固态复合调味料的鲜味单体特征及其强度,以141种市售鲜味固态复合调味料为研究对象,根据行业标准以及配料表成分将其分为三大类:鸡精类调味料、鸡粉类调味料和其它类调味料,其中,其它类调味料分为陆产动物类调味料、水产动物类调味料、植物类调味料以及人工合成类调味料。分别对鲜味固态复合调味料中游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、Na^(+)等7种鲜味单体含量进行检测,并利用等效鲜味浓度(EUC)计算其鲜味强度。结果表明,鸡精类中谷氨酸(Glu)和Na^(+)含量最高,其它类的鲜味单体含量除Glu和Na^(+)外均高于鸡精类和鸡粉类。其它类调味料中,陆产动物类中的Na^(+)含量较高,水产动物类中的游离氨基酸含量较高,植物类中的呈味核苷酸含量较高,人工合成类的Glu含量显著高于其它调味料。鲜味强度方面,其它类调味料>鸡精类调味料>鸡粉类调味料。其它类固态复合调味料中,人工合成类调味料>水产动物类调味料>植物类调味料>陆产动物类调味料。EUC可较为客观地量化鲜味强度,研究结果为鲜味固态复合调味料的风味研究、品质评价提供理论基础和数据支撑。

不同热处理对马乳中蛋白及风味物质的影响

以新鲜马乳为原料,通过不同加热温度和时间处理,分析α-乳白蛋白和β-乳球蛋白的含量变化,同时采用电子鼻、电子舌和固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱分析不同热处理马乳中挥发性成分的变化规律。结果表明:85℃-10s热处理对马乳中蛋白含量的影响最小。在加热温度为95℃时,随加热时间的延长,马乳蛋白粒径从318.18 nm增加到543.25 nm。85℃-10 s处理的马乳鲜味与生鲜马乳最为接近,且具有最低的酸味。经热处理的马乳中风味物质种类均低于生鲜马乳,其中烃类、芳香类、酮类和醇类含量增加,而酸类含量明显减少。

SEBS与常用单质炸药的相容性研究

将分子动力学(MD)模拟方法中理论键长变化趋势与差示扫描量热法(DSC)测得的分解温度变化情况相结合,分析了热塑性弹性体氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SEBS)与推进剂中常用的单质炸药黑索今(RDX)、奥克托今(HMX)、六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(CL-20)之间的相容性。MD模拟结果表明:RDX、HMX、CL-20与SEBS共混体系的引发键最大键长随温度的升高而增加,与单质炸药单组分体系相比均没有明显的变化,推测SEBS与RDX、HMX、CL-20共混后稳定性较好,不易发生引发键的断裂。DSC结果中,RDX、HMX、CL-20与SEBS共混后,热分解温度变化均在3℃以内,表明SEBS与RDX、HMX和CL-20之间相容性好。进一步,选择相容性差的二号中定剂(C_(2))和3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)作为对照体系,进行MD模拟和DSC分析发现,引发键最大键长明显增加,DSC热分解温度提前了70℃以上,验证了引发键键长预测相容性优劣的可行性。

HS-SPME-GC-MS与ROAV相结合的4种柑橘果皮精油关键香气物质分析

采用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)对4种柑橘果皮精油挥发性物质的组成和含量进行分析鉴定,结合相对气味活度值(Relative Odor Activity Value,ROAV)对4种柑橘果皮精油中的关键香气成分进行分析,以期为柑橘果皮精油品质评价与发掘特殊香气柑橘精油提供依据。结果表明,4种柑橘果皮精油共鉴定出62种挥发性成分,包括13种单萜、14种倍半萜、5种烷烃、12种醇类、8种醛类、4种酯类、3种酮类、2种醚类和1种酸类。4种柑橘果皮精油均以单萜化合物相对含量最高(83.00%~91.93%)。按照化合物组成,可将4种柑橘分为2个化学类型:柠檬烯/γ-萜品烯型和柠檬烯/3-蒈烯型。ROAV法从4种柑橘果皮精油中筛选出24种关键香气物质,其中北京柠檬果皮精油中风味贡献最大的物质为紫苏醛,关键香气物质共10种;温州蜜柑、酸橙和枳雀果皮精油中风味贡献最大的物质均为芳樟醇,关键香气物质分别为12种、20种和20种。这些关键香气物质对柑橘果皮精油的香气品质起着重要的作用。

三聚氰胺固废改性酚醛树脂的合成及其对模塑料性能的影响

固体废弃物的绿色化处置与传统材料的资源化改性对当前化工与材料类产业的健康发展具有重要的意义。本文采用固体废弃物OAT(oxiaminothriazine)对酚醛树脂进行改性,探讨了OAT反应性引入酚醛树脂的可行性,以获得的改性树脂作为基体制备了酚醛模塑料,探讨了改性树脂对模塑料性能的影响。结果显示:OAT与甲醛具有一定的反应性,OAT的引入使酚醛树脂的黏度有所下降,但随着用量的进一步增加,黏度增加,聚合速度加快,流动度显著降低,OAT的用量在8%左右为宜;采用OAT改性酚醛树脂制备的模塑料具有较好的热稳定性和电气强度,其他性能与普通模塑料相当。

复合调理剂对陕北地区盐碱土调理及高羊茅生长的影响

为资源化利用陕北地区煤基固废,改善当地盐碱土生态环境,本试验采用粉煤灰、脱硫石膏、木醋液、生化黄腐酸和羊粪材料复配不同调理剂对陕北地区盐碱土进行综合改良,通过温室盆栽试验,分析不同调理材料复配后对土壤酸碱度、化学性质以及高羊茅生长的影响。结果表明:(1)不同调理材料复配处理后土壤pH显著下降,降低幅度为0.52~0.64个单位,土壤总碱度较对照显著下降,降低了20%~52.5%;(2)不同调理材料复配处理后土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾和有效磷含量分别增加了1.07~5.09、1.32~4.44、3.43~19.13、2.67~27.42倍。(3)不同调理材料复配处理后高羊茅株高增加了17.54%~38.86%,茎粗增加了10.71%~27.27%,叶长增加了12.17%~43.10%,叶宽增加了21.16%~43.11%,地上部干重增加了176.02%~280.12%,地下部干重增加了53.01%~171.08%。通过主成分分析综合评价,本试验中固废调理剂综合评价均高于对照,调理剂施用量为20%时既可以生态化利用固废,又对陕北地区盐碱土改良效果、促进高羊茅生长最显著。