Effects of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mustard on lowering cholesterol

Objective:To evaluate the ability of lactic acid bacteria(LAB)strains isolated from fermented mustard to lower the cholesterol in vitro.Methods:The ability of 50 LAB strains isolated from fermented mustard on lowering cholesterol in vitro was determined by modified o-phtshalaldehyde method.The LAB isolates were analyzed for their resistance to acid and bile salt.Strains with lowering cholesterol activity,were determined adherence to Caco-2 cells.Results:Strain B0007,B0006 and B0022 assimilated more cholesterol than BCRC10474 and BCRC17010.The isolated strains showed tolerance to pH 3.0 for 3h despite variations in the degree of viability and bile-tolerant strains,with more than 10~s CFU/mL after incubation for 24 h at 1%oxigall in MRS.In addition,strain B0007 and B0022 identified as Lactobacillus plantarum with 16S rDNA sequences were able to adhere to the Caco-2 cell lines.Conclusions:These strains B0007 and B0022 may be potential functional sources for cholesterollowering activities as well as adhering to Caco-2 cell lines.

Comparative studies of versatile extracellular proteolytic activities of lactic acid bacteria and their potential for extracellular amino acid productions as feed supplements

Background:Increasing understanding on the functions of amino acids (AA) has led to new commercial applications and expansion of the worldwide markets.However,the current technologies rely heavily on non-food grade microorganism and chemical synthesis for the production of AA.Several studies reported that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have the capability of producing AA owing to their well-established proteolytic system and amino acid biosynthesis genes.Hence,the objectives of this study were to explore the extracellular proteolytic activity of LAB isolated from various Malaysian fermented foods and their potential to produce AA extracellularly as feed supplements.Results:All the studied LAB isolates were versatile extracellular protease producers,whereby extracellular protease activities were detected from acidic to alkaline pH (pH 5,pH 6.5,pH 8) using qualitative and quantitative proteolytic assays.The highest proteolytic activity at pH 5 (15.76 U/mg) and pH 8 (19.42 U/mg) was achieved by Lactobacillus plantarum RG14,while Lactobacillus plantarum RS5 exhibited the highest proteolytic activity of 17.22 U/mg at pH 6.5.As for the results of AA production conducted in de Man,Rogosa and Sharpe medium and analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography system,all LAB isolates were capable of producing an array of AA.Generally,Pediococcus sp.showed greater ability for AA production as compared to Lactobacillus sp.Moreover,the studied LAB were able to produce a few major feed supplement AA such as methionine,lysine,threonine and tryptophan.P.pentosaceus TL-3 recorded the highest methionine and threonine productivity of 3.72 mg/L/h and 5.58 mg/L/h respectively.However,L.plantarum I-UL4 demonstrated a lysine productivity of 1.24 mg/L/h,while P.acidilactici TP-6 achieved up to 1.73 mg/L/h of tryptophan productivity.Conclusion:All the 17 studied LAB isolates possessed versatile extracellular proteolytic system and have vast capability of producing various amino acids including a few major feed supplement AA such as methionine,lysine,threonine and tryptophan.Despite AA production was strain dependent,the studied LAB isolates possessed vast potential and can be exploited further as a bio-agent or an alternative amino acids and bioactive peptide producers.

Current Limitations and Challenges with Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Review

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a critical role in food, agricultural, and clinical applications. The fast growing characteristics of LAB and their metabolic activity have been the key in most applications including food production, agricultural industry, and probiotics. However, the biochemical and biophysical environments have significant effect on the growth and metabolic activity of LAB. While the biochemical conditions are most likely established, controlling and optimizing of biochemical conditions have many limitations and challenges. In addition to selecting the right strain, desirable metabolic processes required optimizing and controlling the available nutrients including sugars, peptides, free amino acids, minerals, and vitamins in addition to buffering agents. Thus, much of research was conducted to understand the impact of available nutrients on the growth and metabolic activities of LAB. However, only a few nutritional parameters could be controlled at a time while holding other parameters constant. The nutritional parameters may also interact with each other resulting in faulty results. Characteristics of LAB such as fastidiousness in their nutritional requirements, ability to produce acid and antimicrobial compounds, and variations in the nutritional requirements among strains have added additional limitations and challenges in this regard. Thus, chemically defined media (CDM) were suggested to deal with different limitations and challenges. However, due to differences in growth conditions, results obtained in CDM may face some obstacles when it comes to industrial applications. Thus, this paper aimed to review the recent data in regard to the role of the nutritional requirements of LAB in optimizing and controlling metabolic activities and to discuss the associated limitations and challenges.

Effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mustard on immunopotentiating activity

Objective: To investigate the effect of lactic acid bacteria isolated from fermented mustard on immunopotentiating activity Methods: One hundred and fifty nine strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from traditional Taiwan fermented mustard were evaluated for their immunopotentiating activity on a murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7.Results: Of the strains, pronounced increases in the levels of nitric oxide(NO), tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 were observed in strains B0040, B0110 and B0145. Among them,strain B0145 had the highest NO and tumor necrosis factor-α generation in RAW 264.7 cells;strains B0040 and B0110 were also superior to that of Lactobacillus casei. These results demonstrated that NO and cytokines were effectively induced when the bacterial stimulants were treated with macrophages. In addition, strains B0040 and B0110 were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, and B0145 as Weissella cibaria using 16 S rDNA analysis.Conclusions: The results implicated selected strains may be regarded as a biological response modifier and had a broad application prospects in exploiting new functional food or as a feed additive.

Selection of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from San Simón da Costa Cheese (PDO) in Order to Develop an Autochthonous Starter Culture

Traditional cheeses are an important reservoir of microbial diversity that can have important biotechnological applications, especially with a view to improving the characteristics unique to each type of cheese, and in this respect, starter cultures consisting of autochthonous lactic acid bacteria strains are of particular interest. In the present study, we investigated lactic acid bacteria population diversity in San Simón da Costa cheese (PDO, Galicia, Spain) and found a predominance of the genus Lactobacillus, which by the end of ripening accounted for 78% of the strains isolated in Rogosa agar, around 40% of those in M17 agar and about 10% of those in MSE agar. The main species of lactic acid bacteria identified were Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei, Lb. paracasei subsp. paracasei, Leuconostoc mesenteroides and Enterococcus faecalis. Virtually all the strains studied from a technological point of view yielded more than or equal to 0.24 g 100 mL-1 lactic acid. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (SS 194), Lactobacillus paracasei (SS 1695 and SS 1689) and Enterococcus faecalis (SS 1378 and SS 1449) strains exhibited the greatest proteolytic capacity. Based on the overall technological aptitude of the tested strains, we can propose starter cultures and co-cultures that include different combinations of previous strains with a view to manufacturing San Simón da Costa cheese from pasteurised milk.

Antifungal Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria, Isolated from Bulgarian Wheat and Rye Flour

The economic losses and the health hazards of the mycotoxins produced by spoilage fungi are the main concerns of the food industry. The spoilage of bakery products by fungi is more common in countries with a high humidity and temperature. About 5-10% of food production is spoiled by the growth of yeast and fungi in food materials. Similarly, in Western Europe, the growth of the spoilage fungi of bread is estimated to reach more than 200 million Euros per year. The history conditions of the food can be a major factor in determining any fungal spoilage--for example, stored and processed foods are more sensitive to spoilage when compared with fresh and prepared foods. Lactic acid bacteria isolated from Bulgarian wheat and rye flour were used in the present study to check their antifungal properties against pathogenic yeast and fungi imperfecta using standard disc diffusion method in vitro. A broad spectrum of antifungal activity of the six newly identified as L. plantarum strains e Tsl, Ts2, Ts3,Ts4 and Ts5, and L. helveticus Ts6 was estimated. Our in vitro studies were performed with wheat and rye sourdough, in order to simulate a real product and to assess the bio-protective potential of the tested lactobacilli. The used test-cultures are representatives of carcinogenic, toxigenic, deteriorative and allergenic fungi from the genera .4spergillus and Penicillium. The all tested strains completely suppress the growth of against C. glabrata 72. Strains L. plantarum Tsl and Ts3 completely suppress the growth against S. cerevisae. While, in the sample with L. plantarum strains e Tsl, Ts2, Ts3,Ts4 and Ts5, and L. helveticus Ts6, a retarded and weak growth of A. niger and P. claviforme was observed. However, the spore germination and the colony growth started only on the fifth day of the mould lactobacilli co-cultivation, which also should be considered as a good result. In this study six isolates Tsl,Ts2, Ts3, Ts4, Ts5 and Ts6, from the traditional Bulgarian wheat and rye flour have been identified as L. plantarum and L. helveticus and characterized as cultures with promising antifungal activity. Obtained results from the combined molecular identification （16S rRNA gene sequencing） approach contribute to give new data on the microbial biodiversity of this not well-studied niche. The antifungal activity of our new isolates, identified as L. plantarum and L. helveticus, seems to be a promising advantage of these six strains, suggesting their potential applications in different food technologies. However, more experiments have to be conducted to clarify the nature and the mechanisms of the reported antifungal activity and they are still in progress. The combination of dairy origin and strong inhibitory activity of the lactobacillus strains is a prerequisite for their possible application as starters and/or bioprotective antifungal adjuncts.

Antioxidant Activities of Exopolysaccharides Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Commercial Yoghurt Samples

An antioxidant is a substance that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules caused by free radicals. The inbuilt antioxidant systems possessed by living organisms are generally not enough to prevent them from oxidative damages and the uses of synthetic antioxidants also have some harmful effects. This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant activities of exopolysaccharides produced by lactic acid bacteria isolated from yoghurt. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from six different brands of commercially available yoghurt using deMan Rogosa Sharpe (MRS) agar. The LAB isolates were identified based on morphological and biochemical analyses and were screened for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. The LAB isolates screened positive were used for EPS production in a liquid medium and the EPS produced were purified and quantified using standard methods. Antioxidant activities of the EPS were evaluated by determining the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing power, and total phenolic contents. Data obtained were analysed using Analysis of Variance. Total lactic acid bacterial count obtained from the yoghurt samples ranged from 0 - 3.9 × 104 CFU/mL with sample A (Fan Yoghurt) having the highest LAB count (3.9 × 104 CFU/mL). The isolated LAB and their incidence rate were Lactobacillus plantarum (25.49%), L. delbrueckii (19.61%), L. fermentum (15.69%), L. acidophilus (13.73%), Leuconostoc mesenteroides (11.76%), Lactococcus lactis (7.84%), and Lactobacillus casei (5.88%). Fifty-one out of the 64 LAB isolates were screened positive for EPS production and only six were able to produce substantial quantity of EPS ranging from 127.4 - 208.5 mg/L. The exopolysaccharides produced by L. fermentum had the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (62.90%) while that of L. plantarum had the lowest (23.10%) at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL. Also, the EPS produced by L. fermentum recorded the highest ferric ion reducing power (12.89 mg AAE/mL) at 1000 μg/mL while that of L. plantarum had the lowest (5.62 mg AAE/mL). At 1000 μg/mL, the total phenolic contents of the EPS samples ranged from 1.41 - 1.58 mg GAE/mL, and the EPS produced by L. fermentum had the highest (1.58 mg GAE/mL) while those produced by L. paracasei had the lowest (1.41 mg GAE/mL). This study revealed that the exopolysaccharides produced by the LAB isolates showed high antioxidant activities with respect to their DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing power and total phenolic contents.

Characterization of Antibacterial Activity and Potential as Probiotic of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Goat＇s Milk in Algeria

Lactic acid bacteria （LAB） were isolated from goat＇s milk in different north west region of Algeria. A total of 233 isolates were identified as LAB. However, only 11 strains showed excellent inhibition zones on agar when Salmonella lyphimorium ATCC 13311 was used as an indicator for preliminary detection of antagonistic activity. After elimination of inhibition due to acid and H202, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was used for secondary screening for antagonistic activity of these 11 strains. It was found that only 9 strains exhibited a good inhibition zones on agar, and all of them could inhibit E. coli ATCC 25921 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 as the third and the forth indicators respectively. Lactococcus lactis subsp, cremoris, Lactobacillus casei subsp, casei, Lactobacillus casei subsp, rhamnosus, Streptococcus salivarius subsp, thermophilus and Lactococcus lactis biovar. diacetylactis were the strains that have a good antibacterial activity, survive in the gastrointestinal conditions and were sensible to the majority of the antibiotics. All isolated strains tolerate pH = 2 and high bile salt concentration.

In-vitro assessment for the control of Fusarium species using a lactic acid bacterium isolated from yellow pitahaya(Selenicereus megalanthus(K. Schum. Ex Vaupel Moran))

The fungistatic activity of a lactic acid bacterium, which had been isolated from yellow pitahaya cultures, against fungi associated with basal rot(Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium fujikuroi) was measured in the present study. Its activity was assessed in three fractions: fermented(S1), metabolic products(S2), and biomass(S3), using two fermentation substrates: Man Rogosa Sharpe agar(MRS) and potato dextrose agar(PDA). The bacterium was molecularly identified as Lactobacillus plantarum. S3 reduced F. fujikuroi growth by 100% over 48 h of fermentation, which occurred during the stationary phase of bacterial growth. The three fractions' fungistatic activity against F. fujikuroi depended on the substrate employed. The fermentation kinetic parameters for L. plantarum indicated that its specific growth rate was 0.46 h^–1, with 93.63% substrate consumption, 0.045 kg kg^–1 cell yield, and 0.54 kg kg^–1 product yield. The kinetic parameters calculated will allow for bacteria production scaling. These in-vitro trials reveal L. plantarum's possible application as a biocontrol agent for diseases associated with Fusarium. However, further ex-vivo and in-vivo researches are required to demonstrate its behavior in crops.

Ameliorated effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis DSM 20076 and Pediococcus acidilactici NNRL B-5627 on Fumonisin B1-induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in rats

Oxidative stress has been implicated in a number of human regeneration and disease processes including atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, cancer, and different neurodegenerative diseases.The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis DSM 20076 (LL-DSM) and Pediococcus acidilactici NNRL B-5627 (PA-NNRL) against the hepatic-and nephro-toxicity of fumonisin B1 (FB1) in FB1-treated rats for an experimental period of 4-weeks. Eighty mature male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided to 12 groups: 1 untreated group;3 groups fed by a FB1-contaminated diet (50, 100 and 200 mg FB1/kg diet,respectively);1 group fed orally by LL-DSM(1 ml/d);1 group fed orally by PA-NNRL (1 ml/d);3 groups co-administered by FB1-contaminated diet and LL-DSM (1 ml/d), and 3 groups coadministered by FB1-contaminated diet and PA-NNRL(1 ml/d). Malonaldehyde (MDA) nitric oxide, glutathione content, SOD activity, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) were determined. DPA assay was used to assess apoptosis in liver and kidney tissues.The animals fed with FB1-contaminated diet showed a significant increase in oxidative stress markers and DNA fragmentation accompanied with significant decrease in GSH content, SOD activity, and TAC in liver and kidney tissues, especially at highdosage of FB1 (T200). Probiotics antioxidant strains (LL-DSM and PA-NNRL) relatively succeeded to restore almost all parameters investigated as well as to reduce DNA fragmentation in liver and kidney tissues. As a conclusion, probiotics may induce its protective role via increasing the antioxidant capacity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation, scavenging of free radicals and decreasing DNA lesions in liver and kidney of experimental animals tested.

乳酸菌发酵对雪菊体外活性的影响研究

目的:为对比研究乳酸菌发酵前、后雪菊水提取物体外抗氧化活性、XOD抑制活性、抑菌活性的变化情况。方法:运用紫外-可见分光光度法测定发酵前、后水提物清除DPPH·和ABTS+能力、抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶能力;к-B法检测发酵前、后水提物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌能力。对比研究乳酸菌发酵对雪菊水提物体外活性的影响。结果:乳酸菌发酵后雪菊水提物在0.15mg/ml DPPH·和ABTS+清除率较发酵前有明显增加。发酵前、后0.5mg/mL雪菊水提物对XOD抑制率分别为43.16%,62.19%。发酵前、后雪菊水提物对大肠杆菌的抑制性均强于金黄色葡萄球菌。相同浓度下,发酵后抑菌效果高于发酵前。结论:对乳酸菌发酵前、后雪菊水提物体外活性对比研究显示,经乳酸菌发酵后其体外抗氧化活性、抑制XOD活性、抑菌活性均增强,这为初步筛选治疗痛风的药物奠定理论基础。

不同乳酸菌固态发酵对黑水虻幼虫营养价值的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同乳酸菌固态发酵对黑水虻幼虫中主要营养成分、pH、乳酸和多肽含量的影响,试验分为4组,分别为对照组(未发酵)、试验1组(植物乳杆菌组)、试验2组(粪肠球菌组)、试验3组(嗜酸乳杆菌组),每组3个平行。将黑水虻幼虫与麸皮按1:1混合,分别添加发酵用种子液,将混匀后的样品分别装入发酵袋中,放于35℃人工气候箱中发酵3 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验1组、2组、3组粗纤维含量均显著下降(P﹤0.05);缬氨酸含量分别增加了11.25%(P﹤0.05)、10.00%(P﹤0.05)和16.25%(P﹤0.05),脯氨酸含量分别增加了15.73%(P﹤0.05)、13.75%(P﹤0.05)和8.99%(P﹤0.05);各组之间乳酸含量差异极显著(P﹤0.01),其中试验1组乳酸含量最高,达到了8.72%;发酵后,各试验组pH显著下降(P﹤0.01),其中试验1组pH最低;发酵后3个试验组多肽含量均显著升高(P﹤0.01)。综合考虑,优先选择植物乳杆菌作为黑水虻发酵饲料发酵剂。

乳酸菌抗氧化机制研究进展及在食品领域的应用

乳酸菌不仅有助于改善发酵食品的风味,提高营养价值,还有助于预防由于氧化反应而引发的多种疾病。这些有益功能的发挥与乳酸菌的抗氧化活性密不可分。本文详细阐述了乳酸菌的抗氧化机制,包括调节抗氧化酶类、调控信号通路、清除自由基系统、抑制脂质过氧化作用及金属离子螯合作用;总结了乳酸菌的抗氧化特性在乳制品、肉制品、水产品和果蔬制品等领域的应用现状;概述了乳酸菌抗氧化活性的体外和体内评估方法,旨在为乳酸菌在食品加工领域的深层次应用提供相关参考。

乳酸菌固态发酵过程中麦麸组分的动态变化

麦麸是小麦加工的主要副产物,营养丰富且产量大,采用乳酸菌处理麦麸可提高其附加值。为明确乳酸菌发酵对麦麸各组分的影响,作者采用植物乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、戊糖片球菌和布氏乳杆菌分别对麦麸进行固态发酵,在48 h内每隔8 h取样,分析可溶性膳食纤维、粗蛋白质、淀粉、总酚、植酸等成分的质量分数及DPPH自由基清除能力的动态变化。结果表明,在麦麸基质中,4株乳酸菌在24 h内生长较为迅速;麦麸经乳酸菌发酵后可溶性膳食纤维质量分数显著提高,其中布氏乳杆菌发酵48 h后可溶性膳食纤维质量分数由4.72%增加至6.58%;随着发酵时间的增加,麦麸中淀粉质量分数逐渐降低,粗蛋白质量分数先增加后降低最后趋于稳定;植物乳杆菌在提高麦麸多酚质量分数方面有更好的效果,多酚质量分数由1.34 mg/g增加至3.86 mg/g,麦麸抗氧化活性显著增加;此外,乳酸菌发酵麦麸可显著降低其植酸质量分数。综合而言,植物乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌在提高麦麸的营养特性方面具有较好的效果,可有效改善麦麸的综合利用价值。

乳酸菌发酵黑莓汁的主要组分和功能活性

以黑莓汁为原料,选用发酵乳杆菌(Limosilactobacillus fermentum)PC11、副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paraca-sei)PC18、副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)NT4-7、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)P-S1016分别进行发酵,研究发酵前后黑莓汁中花色苷含量、总酚含量以及抗氧化活性的变化,并且检测其对皮质酮损伤肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞株PC12的保护作用。结果表明:与未发酵黑莓汁相比,乳酸菌发酵黑莓汁的总酚含量以及花色苷含量均有所降低,花色苷保留率较高的是L.plantarum P-S1016发酵组,为89.65%,总酚含量最高的为L.fermentum PC11发酵组,保留率88.7%;经4株乳酸菌发酵后,黑莓汁DPPH自由基清除率、PTIO自由基清除率以及FRAP值显著提高,羟自由基清除率达到90%以上;与未发酵黑莓汁相比,乳酸菌发酵均能显著提高皮质酮损伤的PC12细胞存活率,其中,L.plantarum P-S1016和L.paracasei PC18发酵黑莓汁的细胞存活率相较于损伤组提高了54%和45%。4种乳酸菌接种发酵显著改善了黑莓汁的品质和抗氧化特性,提高了皮质酮损伤PC12细胞的存活率,为黑莓汁乳酸菌发酵加工及乳酸菌果汁饮料产品开发提供参考。

向日葵副产物中优势乳酸菌和纤维素分解菌的生理生化特征分析

【目的】研究向日葵副产物中优势乳酸菌和纤维素分解菌的生理生化特征,为向日葵副产物发酵饲料提供基础。【方法】对向日葵副产物表面附着优势乳酸菌及纤维素分解菌进行分离、提取鉴定,并分析优势菌种生理生化特征。【结果】分离出3株乳酸菌和4株纤维素分解菌。得到3株乳酸菌均为蒙氏肠球菌(Enterococcus mundtii)。4株纤维素分解菌中,菌株Z_(2)和Z_(13)为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),X_(14)为阿氏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus aryabhattai),X_(4)与解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。3株乳酸菌在4、10、30和45℃及3%和6.5%的NaCl条件下生长良好,在pH 3.5~9可生长,在pH 3环境下不生长;4株纤维素分解菌中透明圈直径(D)/菌落直径(d)比值和酶活性按大小排序均为解淀粉芽孢杆菌>贝莱斯芽孢杆菌>阿氏芽孢杆菌。【结论】蒙氏肠球菌具有较强耐盐能力且温度适应范围广,但其产酸能力明显弱于植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum);4株纤维素分解菌在CMC糖化酶活力、滤纸酶活性及向日葵副产物的实际失重率中,接种解淀粉芽孢杆菌效果最优。

基于RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒抑制作用的体外抗过敏活性益生菌的筛选及鉴定

为探究乳酸菌的抗过敏活性,本研究采用传统分离技术从发酵蔬菜中获得乳酸菌,并进行益生菌体外评价,结合RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒抑制实验筛选具有抗过敏活性的益生菌。结果表明,从发酵蔬菜中分离的4株菌株表现出良好的益生特性和安全性;所选4株乳酸菌对RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒释放β-己糖胺酶均具有较高的抑制作用,并对RBL-2H3细胞脱颗粒释放组胺、肿瘤坏死因子-α和白介素-4均有明显的下调作用,具有作为抗过敏活性益生菌的可能性。4株菌株经16S rDNA测序鉴定为植物乳杆菌2株、发酵乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌各1株。

北苍术固态发酵菌株的筛选、鉴定及发酵工艺优化

为筛选出适合北苍术固体发酵的菌株,以菌落数和粗多糖得率为筛选指标,获得适合北苍术发酵的乳酸菌,以含水量、接种量和发酵时间为因素,在单因素试验基础上,利用响应面法对发酵工艺进行优化。结果表明,从保存的菌株中共筛选出3株适合北苍术发酵的乳酸菌,通过生理生化试验以及16S rDNA测序确定该3株菌分别为乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)和戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus)。北苍术固态发酵的最佳条件为含水量50%、接种量5.5%、发酵时间2 d。在此条件下,北苍术粗多糖得率达到10.10%,相比未发酵组提高了37.45%。抗氧化试验表明,发酵能够显著提高北苍术粗多糖的DPPH自由基清除率和羟自由基清除率(P<0.05)。

模拟消化对副干酪乳杆菌LX5和屎肠球菌AS8发酵液抗氧化活性的影响

为探究乳发酵液不同分子质量多肽的体外抗氧化能力,通过超滤法制备不同分子质量乳酸菌发酵液多肽混合物,并进行体外模拟消化实验。分别研究2个组分多肽对ABTS阳离子自由基、羟自由基、DPPH自由基的清除能力,探究发酵乳多肽经模拟胃、肠道消化后抗氧化活性的变化。结果表明:经体外模拟消化的实验后,消化后多肽与未消化处理的样品相比抗氧化活性变化不大;乳酸菌发酵液多肽的SDS-PAGE结果显示蛋白分子质量的减小,与抗氧化活性有密切关系的4类氨基酸含量除LX5-Ⅰ占总氨基酸含量比例有所增加,其他样品占比都显示出降低现象。这与消化后各样品抗氧化活性变化趋势相同。上述研究结果表明,发酵乳多肽具有良好的消化稳定性和抗氧化活性。

复合乳酸菌发酵草本调味醋的酿造工艺研究

发酵调味醋一直有“养生饮料”、“保健醋品”等美誉。该研究以药食同源的蒲公英根、叶以及灯笼草为原料,利用乳酸菌发酵,通过总酸含量、沉淀率等指标确定调味醋比例,优化发酵工艺,对发酵液进行调配及稳定性研究,从而研制出口感较佳、营养成分丰富且抗氧化性良好的蒲公英-灯笼草复合调味醋。结果表明,在蒲公英根∶蒲公英叶∶灯笼草汁为5∶2∶0.2的混合比例下,乳酸菌接种量3%、蔗糖添加量8%、柠檬酸添加量0.02%、CMC-Na添加量0.05%、明胶添加量0.15%、琼脂添加量0.05%、35℃发酵65 h为最佳工艺条件。在此发酵条件下,各类抗氧化活性物质增长迅速,具有显著的抗氧化性、在保健调味醋及醋饮料领域具有很好的发展前景。