Preparation and electrochemical lithium storage performance of porous silicon microsphere composite with metal modification and carbon coating

This work adopts a multi⁃step etching⁃heat treatment strategy to prepare porous silicon microsphere com⁃posite with Sb⁃Sn surface modification and carbon coating(pSi/Sb⁃Sn@C),using industrial grade SiAl alloy micro⁃spheres as a precursor.pSi/Sb⁃Sn@C had a 3D structure with bimetallic(Sb⁃Sn)modified porous silicon micro⁃spheres(pSi/Sb⁃Sn)as the core and carbon coating as the shell.Carbon shells can improve the electronic conductivi⁃ty and mechanical stability of porous silicon microspheres,which is beneficial for obtaining a stable solid electrolyte interface(SEI)film.The 3D porous core promotes the diffusion of lithium ions,increases the intercalation/delithia⁃tion active sites,and buffers the volume expansion during the intercalation process.The introduction of active met⁃als(Sb⁃Sn)can improve the conductivity of the composite and contribute to a certain amount of lithium storage ca⁃pacity.Due to its unique composition and microstructure,pSi/Sb⁃Sn@C showed a reversible capacity of 1247.4 mAh·g^(-1) after 300 charge/discharge cycles at a current density of 1.0 A·g^(-1),demonstrating excellent rate lithium storage performance and enhanced electrochemical cycling stability.

Semisolid forging electronic packaging shell with silicon carbon-reinforced copper composites

To fabricate electronic packaging shell of coppermatrix composite with characteristics of high ther mal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient, semisolid forming technology, and powder metallurgy was combined. Conventional mechanical mixing of Cu and SiC could have insufficient wettability, and a new method of semisolid processing was introduced for billets preparation. The SiC/Cu composites were first prepared by PM, and then, semisolid reheating was performed for the successive semisolid forging. Composite billets with SiC 35 % vol ume fraction were compacted and sintered pressurelessly, microstructure analysis showed that the composites pre pared by PM had high density, and the combination between SiC particles and Cualloy was good. Semisolid reheating was the crucial factor in determining the micro structure and thixotropic property of the billet. An opti mised reheating strategy was proposed： temperature 1,025 ℃and holding time 5 min.

The Use of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Mini Column for Preconcentration of Trace Metal Ions in Tap Water of Khartoum City and Their Determination by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry （FAAS）

The adsorption behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） toward heavy elements has been investigated systemically, and a new method has been developed for the determination of trace elements in water samples based on preconcentration with mini-column packed with MWNTs prior to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry （FAAS） The recommended parameters of proposed method influencing the preconcentration of the analytes, such as pH of the sample, sample flow rate and volume, elute solution and interfering ions, have been used. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration graphs were linear with the correlation coefficient range 0.9981-0.9995. According to the results, the metals were found 0.019-0.051, 0.011-0.031, 0.00-0.081, 0.00-0.0002, 0.007-0.0925, 0.00-0.0104 μg/L in water samples for Pb, Mn, Zn, Cd, Fe, Cu respectively. The percentage relative standard deviation （%RSD） for five replicate samples were 〈 5% in all cases. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of trace elements in some environmental samples with satisfactory results.

Fabrication of solid-phase-sintered Si C-based composites with short carbon fibers

Solid-phase-sintered Si C-based composites with short carbon fibers（Csf/SSi C） in concentrations ranging from 0 to 10wt% were prepared by pressureless sintering at 2100°C. The phase composition, microstructure, density, and flexural strength of the composites with different Csf contents were investigated. SEM micrographs showed that the Csf distributed in the SSi C matrix homogeneously with some gaps at the fiber/matrix interfaces. The densities of the composites decreased with increasing Csf content. However, the bending strength first increased and then decreased with increasing Csf content, reaching a maximum value of 390 MPa at a Csf content of 5wt%, which was 60 MPa higher than that of SSi C because of the pull-out strengthening mechanism. Notably, Csf was graphitized and damaged during the sintering process because of the high temperature and reaction with boron derived from the sintering additive B4C; this graphitization degraded the fiber strengthening effect.

Effects of B_4 C and Si Antioxidant on Oxidation Resistance of Low-carbon MgO-C Brick

Low-carbon MgO - C specimens with dimension of Ф6 mm × 36 mm were prepared using fused magnesia, flake graphite and carbon black as main starting materials, thermoplastic phenolic resin as binder, hexamethyl ene tetramine as curing agent, Si powder （ w （Si） 〉 80%, particle size 〈0. 074 mm） and B℃ （ d90 =36. 5 μm ） as antioxidant, pressing under 200 MPa and drying at 200 ℃ for 24 h. The oxidation resistance tests were conducted at 600 ℃ , 1 000 ℃ and 1 400 ℃ for 2 h, respectively. Effects of B4C and Si antioxidant on oxidation resistance of low-carbon MgO - C brick were studied by comparing the areas of the decarburized layers. The results shaw that： （1） When Si powder addition is 3%, at 600 ℃ and 1 000 ℃, the specimens with 0. 5% B4C perform good oxidation resistance; at 1 400 ℃, the oxidation resistance of the specimens is improved with the addition of B4C increasing, and that of the specimen with 0. 7% B4 C is the best. （2） When B4C addition is 0. 5%, at 600 ℃ and 1 000 ℃ ,the oxidation resistances of the specimens with 3% and 5% Si powder are similar, which are better than that of the specimen with 1% Si powder; and at 1 400 ℃ , the oxidation resistance of the specimens is improved obviously with the addition of Si powder increasing, and that of the specimen with 5% Si powder is the best. （3） Bused on the results, it is believed that the low-carbon MgO - C brick with 0. 5% B4C and 3% Si powder performs the best oxidation resistance.

Determination of Fe, Cu, and Zn in Water Samples by Microcolumn Packed with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as a Solid Phase Extraction Adsorbent Using ICP-MS

The heavy metals determination in tap water samples using microcolumn packed with multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent before to their determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） has been studied. Standard addition method was applied for the calibration using aqueous solutions. The metals ions absorption were achieved by multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） at pH 8.0, and then these retained metals on MWNTs column were eluted by 1.0 mol.L^-1 HNO3. The analytical parameters for the determination ofFe, Cu, and Zn in tap water samples which have been investigated previously were applied. Fifteen tap water samples were collected from different locations of Riyadh metropolitan area and then determined the concentration ofFe, Cu, and Zn by ICP-MS after preconcentration with MWNTs. The concentration range for Fe, Cu, and Zn measured （μg/L） in water samples are 23.37-137.91, 2.12-121.36, and 14.43-202.47 respectively. The level of Fe exceeded the limits set by WHO and SASO for drinking water.

Determination of Pb, Cr, Ni and Mn in Tap Water of Riyadh Metropolitan City Using ICP-MS after Preconcentration with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

The determination of toxic metals in water using multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （ICP-MS） has been investigated. Standard addition method was applied for the calibration using aqueous solutions. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWNTs） absorb these metals at pH 8.0, HNO3 of 1.0 mol-Ll is used for complete elusion of these metals from MWNTs. Previously investigated parameters have been applied for the determination of Pb, Cr, Ni and Mn in tap water samples. Fifteen tap water samples from different locations of Riyadh metropolitan area have been determined by ICP-MS after preconcentration with MWNTs.

Eco-Friendly Smokeless Al_2O_3-SiC-C Brick for Hot Metal Ladle

Hot metal transfer ladles were historically lined with high alumina refractories because of compatibility of high alumina refractories with the highly acidic slag, which is transferred .from the iron making plant along with hot metal. With the introduction of higher capacity ladles, technological advancement in the process and increased productivity, calls for a higher campaign life of hot metal ladles, which could not be performed by ordinary high alumina refractories. Resin bonded Al2O3- SiC-C （hereinafter ASC ） bricks gradually developed which at present taking place replacing the conventional refractories. Considerable work has been carried out in developing the ASC refractory to reach the present state. However, for higher capacity ladles still there is a lot of scope for improvement. The present paper deals with the newly developed ASC bricks, which was used in 165 ton capacity hot metal ladles in one European plant and has given a substantial increase in performance. But, the customer was not fuUy satisfied since the brick was reported to produce smokes during preheating of the ladle. In the subsequent supply the smoke generation problem was taken care by adjusting the binders and additives and eco-friendly bricks were re-engineered and supplied to the same plant, which also performed splendidly and created all time record in their plant history.

Converting LiNO_(3)additive to single nitrogenous component Li_(2)N_(2)O_(2)SEI layer on Li metal anode in carbonate-based electrolyte

With the increasing demand for high energy density energy storage device,Li metal has received intensive attention for its ultrahigh capacity and the lowest redox potential.LiNO_(3)is widely used as electrolyte additive for ether electrolyte,which can improve the cycle performance of Li metal anode.Compared to ethers,carbonates are more suitable for Li metal batteries with high voltage cathode because they have a wider electrochemical window.However,LiNO_(3)performs poor solubility in carbonate electrolyte,restricting its application in high voltage Li battery.Herein,we presented a facile method to introduce abundant LiNO_(3)additive to carbonate electrolyte system by introducing LiNO_(3)-PAN es as the interlayer of the cell.LiNO_(3)-PAN es is in sufficient contact with the electrolyte so that it can continuously releases LiNO_(3)to assist the formation of Li_(2)N_(2)O_(2)-rich single nitrogenous component SEI layer on Li surface.With the help of LiNO_(3)-PAN es,Li metal anode shows excellent cycle stability even at a high current density of 4mA/cm^(2),so that the cycle performance of the full cells was significantly improved,whether in the anode-free Cu||LFP cell or the Li||NCM622 cell.

Metal-organic framework derived magnetic nanoporous carbon as an adsorbent for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of chlorophenols from mushroom sample

In this work, a metal-organic framework derived nanoporous carbon （MOF-5-C） was fabricated and modified with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. The resulting magnetic MOF-5-derived porous carbon （Fe304@MOF-5-C） was then used for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of chlorophenols （CPs） from mushroom samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N2 adsorption were used to characterize the adsorbent. After experimental optimization, the amount of the adsorbent was chosen as 8.0 mg, extraction time as 10 min, sample volume as 50 mL, desorption solvent as 0.4 mL （0.2 mL × 2） of alkaline methanol, and sample pH as 6. Under the above optimized conditions, good linearity for the analytes was obtained in the range of 0.8-100.0 ng g 1 with the correlation coefficients between 0.9923 and 0.9963. The limits of detection （SIN= 3） were in the range of 0.25-0.30 ng g-1, and the relative standard deviations were below 6.8%. The result showed that the Fe304@MOF-5-C has an excellent adsorption capacity for the analytes.

Effect of Al_2O_3-SiC Composite Powder on Properties of Al_2O_3-SiC一C Bricks

Al2O3-SiC-C specimens were prepared using white fused corundum （3-1,≤1 and ≤0.044 mm）,Al2O3-SiC composite powders （d50 ≤ 5 μm）,α-Al2O3 micropowder （d50 =1.2 μm）,SiC powder （≤ 0.044 mm）,flake graphite （≤ 0.088 mm）,Si powder （d50 =42.8 μm） and B4C powder （d50 ≤10 μm） as main starting materials,and thermosetting phenolic resin as binder.4%,8%,12% and 16% （in mass,the same hereinafter） of Al2O3-SiC composite powders substituted the same quantity of α-Al2O3 micropowder ＋ SiC powder.Effects of composite powder additions on apparent porosity,bulk density,cold modulus of rupture,cold crushing strength,hot modulus of rupture （1 400 ℃）,thermal shock resistance （1 100 ℃,water quenching） and oxidation resistance （1 000 and 1 500 ℃） of Al2O3-SiC -C specimens after 180 ℃ curing,1 000 ℃ 3 h carbon-embedded firing and 1 500 ℃ 3 h carbon-embedded firing,respectively,were researched.The results indicate that：（1） with the increase of Al2O3-SiC composite powder,cold strengths of the cured specimens decline,those of the specimens fired at 1 000 ℃ change a little,and those of the specimens fired at 1 500 ℃ change a little except for an obvious improvement of cold crushing strength ; （2） with the increase of Al2O3-SiC composite powder,hot modulus of rupture at 1 400 ℃ decreases and thermal shock resistance enhances significantly; （3） when Al2O3-SiC composite powder addition is 4%,the oxidation resistance at 1 500 ℃ is the best,and the reason may be the composite powder is finer and more active,which is beneficial to form dense mullite protective layer to retard the O2 diffusion into the specimens.

硅橡胶导电网络的研究进展

导电硅橡胶作为导电高分子材料的一个重要分支,其不仅保留了硅橡胶独特的易加工、高回弹性、高耐候性等特性,还可以通过加入导电材料使其自身获得所需的导电性能。本文介绍了导电硅橡胶的分类、导电机理以及导电网络的制备工艺和填料(金属系填料、碳系填料)构筑体系,综述了硅橡胶导电网络构筑的研究进展。

煤气化渣制备碳硅介孔材料及甲基橙吸附性能研究

开发了一种煤气化渣低成本制备碳硅介孔材料的方法,探究了影响孔结构的因素和在甲基橙中的吸附性能。采用酸浸法制备碳硅介孔材料,通过材料的孔隙结构和金属氧化物浸出率对制备工艺进行优化。结果表明,温度和时间影响较小,原料粒径和酸浓度影响较大。粒径较小的原料酸浸之后比表面积更大,酸浓度对于碳硅介孔材料的影响比较明显,最佳的酸浓度为16%(质量分数),金属氧化物浸出率和残余碳含量综合影响着比表面积和孔容的大小。煤气化渣基碳硅介孔材料的吸附过程与伪二阶吸附模型最为接近,吸附平衡符合Langmuir模型,对甲基橙最大的吸附量为89.13 mg/g。

外加固体碳源强化生活污水处理研究进展与展望

生活污水低碳化趋势导致了生物脱氮技术的低效率。固体碳源在用作载体的同时可以提供电子供体,强化生活污水的脱氮过程。目前对于固体碳源的应用进展从应用性能、微生物机制、经验模型到潜在挑战均缺乏系统性综述。将固体碳源分为合成碳源、天然碳源和共混碳源3类,并分别对这3类碳源应用的影响因素进行讨论,提出了高效运行策略;随后对微生物机制和经验模型进行综述,指出了后续深入研究的方向;最后对冶金、矿场等重金属工业园区生活污水处理所面临的挑战提出了应对措施和建议。系统性对固体碳源应用进展进行了综述,可为后续该技术的应用和改进提供参考。

基于生命周期评价方法的硅莫砖碳足迹分析与减碳路径研究

核算支撑水泥行业高质量发展的硅莫砖的碳足迹对于推动耐火材料生产企业低碳发展,助力下游水泥企业的节能减排和低碳转型具有重要意义。本工作中以某典型企业为例,依据生命周期评价方法,通过Simapro 9.5软件搭建了针对硅莫砖的生命周期评价模型,量化了硅莫砖“从摇篮到大门”的碳足迹,并提出了硅莫砖的减碳路径。结果表明:生产1 t硅莫砖的碳足迹为1 795.14 kgCO_(2)eq,其中原燃材料获取阶段、产品生产阶段对系统边界内温室气体排放的贡献分别为89.7%、10.3%。温室气体排放的主要来源是上游碳化硅生产环节以及铝矾土(熟料)和硅莫砖生产的高温烧成工序。基于硅莫砖各阶段的碳排放特点提出:通过研发高活性碳化硅生产催化剂,提升绿电应用比例,最大限度降低高碳排放原材料使用比例,大力推进燃料替代和富氧燃烧技术的应用等途径可以有效降低硅莫砖的碳足迹。

Recent progress in carbon/lithium metal composite anode for safe lithium metal batteries

Owing to their very high theoretical capacity, lithium （Li） metal anodes regain widespread attentions for their promising applications for next-generation high-energy-density Li batteries （e.g., lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium-oxygen batteries, solid-state lithium metal batter- ies）. However, the inherent bottleneck of Li metal anodes, especially the growth of Li dendrites and the related safety concerns, should be well addressed. Owing to their featured micro-/nano-porous structures and intriguing physical properties, nanocarbon materials have been applied as host materials for Li metal anodes. This review summarizes the recent progress in the development of porous nanocarbon materials for safe Li metal anodes. The perspectives regarding the challenges and future development of employing micro-/nano-porous carbon materials in Li metal anodes are also included.

大型高炉炉缸铁口直径及铁口深度的数值模拟

高炉作为钢铁企业的主要设备之一,其使用寿命和工作状态在很大程度上影响了钢铁企业的经济效益及社会效益。面对新时期的“碳达峰、碳中和”新目标,高炉需要进一步向大型化、现代化、高效化、长寿化方向发展。目前国内多座大型高炉在炉役期内,炉缸都曾出现过较为严重的侵蚀现象,炉缸寿命成为限制大型高炉寿命进一步发展的限制性环节。调查结果显示,炉缸炭砖主要受铁水冲刷侵蚀、碱金属和锌对炭砖的破坏以及高温热应力的影响。针对铁水对炭砖的冲刷侵蚀,使用Fluent软件研究了5500 m^(3)高炉不同铁口直径及不同铁口深度对炉缸铁水流场及温度场的影响。研究结果表明,当铁口直径从55 mm增大到75 mm时,炉缸侧壁附近铁水流速和炭砖热面温度均会增加;当铁口深度从3.3 m增大到4.3 m时,炉缸侧壁附近铁水流速和炭砖热面温度均会降低。在高炉生产过程中,适当增加铁口深度及降低铁口直径有利于降低炉缸铁水流速和炭砖热面温度,从而延长高炉的使用寿命。

高性能复合固态电解质的制备及固态锂金属电池性能研究

固态锂金属电池相较于传统液态电池,其能量密度更高、安全性更好,具有巨大的应用前景。但聚合物固态电解质离子电导率低、强度低、电化学稳定性差,阻碍了其进一步发展。将丁二腈与聚碳酸丙烯酯通过无溶剂法加以玻璃纤维作为支撑制备了室温下高性能的复合固态电解质。所制备的复合固态电解质在室温下离子电导率达3.06×10^(-4)S/cm,锂离子迁移数达0.47,电化学窗口最高达4.3 V;其锂金属对称电池在电流为0.1 mA/cm^(2)的条件下,稳定循环超400 h;磷酸铁锂固态锂金属电池0.5 C循环100次的容量保持率为95.9%,展现出良好的循环稳定性。

鱼雷罐内加废钢对耐材影响分析

对某钢厂25#鱼雷罐的耐材渣样进行分析,结果表明:25#鱼雷罐罐内残留渣成分与高炉渣成分相差较大,尤其MnO含量较高。通过扫描电镜分析可知,MnO、CaO等对铝碳化硅炭砖的骨料和基质熔损较大。25#鱼雷罐锥体出坑与此罐运转过程中,罐内局部渣铁成分发生巨大变化,其对铝碳化硅炭砖熔损较快,导致局部出坑。

Carbon dots crosslinked gel polymer electrolytes for dendrite-free and long-cycle lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)with extremely high energy densities have several advantages among energy storage equipment.However,the uncontrolled growth of dendrites and the flammable liquid electrolytes(LEs)often cause safety accidents.All solid-state batteries seem to be the ultimate choice,but solvent-free electrolytes usually fail in terms of conductivity at room temperature.Therefore,gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs)with a simple manufacturing process and high ionic conductivity are considered as the most competitive candidates to resolve the present difficulties.Herein,we design a polymeric network structure via esterification and amidation reactions between polyethylene glycol(PEG)and carbon dots(CDs).After incorporation with polyvinylidene fluoride and some LEs,the as-prepared PEG-CDs composite electrolytes(PCCEs)show a high ionic conductivity of 5.5 mS/cm and an ion transference number of 0.71 at room temperature,as well as good flexibility and thermostability.When the PCCEs are assembled with lithium metal anodes and LiFePO4 or LiCoO2 cathodes,both the cycling stability and the retention rate of these LMBs show excellent performance at room temperature.