The positron annihilation lifetimes and the Doppler broadening by slow positron beam are measured in thin Fe films with thickness 500 nm, a thin Hf film with thickness 100 nm, and the bilayer Fe (50 nm)/Hf (50 nm) on ...The positron annihilation lifetimes and the Doppler broadening by slow positron beam are measured in thin Fe films with thickness 500 nm, a thin Hf film with thickness 100 nm, and the bilayer Fe (50 nm)/Hf (50 nm) on quartz glass substrate. We have analyzed the behavior in vacancy-type defects in each layer through some deposition temperatures and annealing. It is observed that the thin Fe film, the thin Hf film, and the bilayer Fe (50 nm)/Hf (50 nm) already contain many vacancy-type defects. We have investigated the change of densities of the vacancy-carbon complex and the small vacancy-cluster with carbons, through solid-state amorphization of Fe (50 nm)/Hf (50 nm) bilayer.展开更多
随着区块链技术的兴起,智能合约安全问题被越来越多的研究者和企业重视,目前已有一些针对智能合约缺陷检测技术的研究.软件缺陷预测技术是软件缺陷检测技术的有效补充,能够优化测试资源分配,提高软件测试效率.然而,目前还没有针对智能...随着区块链技术的兴起,智能合约安全问题被越来越多的研究者和企业重视,目前已有一些针对智能合约缺陷检测技术的研究.软件缺陷预测技术是软件缺陷检测技术的有效补充,能够优化测试资源分配,提高软件测试效率.然而,目前还没有针对智能合约的软件缺陷预测研究.针对这一问题,提出了面向Solidity智能合约的缺陷预测方法.首先,设计了一组针对Solidity智能合约特有的变量、函数、结构和Solidity语言特性的度量元集(smart contract-Solidity,SC-Sol度量元集),并将其与重点考虑面向对象特征的度量元集(code complexity and features of object-oriented program,COOP度量元集)组合为COOP-SC-Sol度量元集.然后,从Solidity智能合约代码中提取相关度量元信息,并结合缺陷检测结果,构建Solidity智能合约缺陷数据集.在此基础上,应用了7种回归模型和6种分类模型进行Solidity智能合约的缺陷预测,以验证不同度量元集和不同模型在缺陷数量和倾向性预测上的性能差异.实验结果表明,相对于COOP度量元集,COOP-SC-Sol能够让缺陷预测模型的F1-score指标提升8%.此外,进一步研究了智能合约缺陷预测中的类不平衡问题,实验结果表明,通过采样技术对数据集进行预处理能够提升缺陷预测模型的性能,其中随机欠采样技术能够使模型的F1-score指标提升9%.在特定缺陷倾向性预测问题上,模型的预测性能受到数据集类不平衡的影响,在缺陷模块百分比大于10%的数据集中能取得较好的预测性能.展开更多
The existence and its movement rule of crystalline structure defect are closely related to the diffusion, solid phase reaction, sintering, phase transformation as well as the physical and chemical properties of materi...The existence and its movement rule of crystalline structure defect are closely related to the diffusion, solid phase reaction, sintering, phase transformation as well as the physical and chemical properties of materials. Point defect theory has been widely applied in material mineralization research, unfavorable transformation controlling, material modification, the research and development of new materials and so on. Point defect theory is one of the important theories for new material research and development. Herein we mainly discuss the application of point defect theory in some structural material researches.展开更多
C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体以其优异的环保和绝缘性能成为目前最具潜力替代SF6应用于电力工业的气体绝缘介质。尽管O_(2)的加入可以在一定程度上提升C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的绝缘性能和化学稳定性,但O_(2)加入及其体积分数...C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体以其优异的环保和绝缘性能成为目前最具潜力替代SF6应用于电力工业的气体绝缘介质。尽管O_(2)的加入可以在一定程度上提升C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的绝缘性能和化学稳定性,但O_(2)加入及其体积分数变化对混合气体局部放电(partial discharge,PD)作用下气体和固体副产物生成特性的影响规律尚不清楚。因此通过针–板电极模拟设备内的金属突出物缺陷开展C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)96 h PD及其分解特性试验。研究发现C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体中加入体积分数2%~4%的O_(2)可以显著抑制大部分副产物的生成,O_(2)体积分数大于6%时每秒累积放电量和平均放电量急剧增加,导致混合气体分解加剧;C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)在长时间PD作用下板电极表面中心区域出现较为明显的圆环状固体析出物,主要成分包括金属氧化物(CuO)、氟化物(CuF、CFx)、碳氧化合物(CO、CO_(2))和氮氧化合物(NO、NO_(2));体积分数4%的O_(2)加入对PD固体析出物的元素组成及其价态影响较小,但可以一定程度上减少其生成量,混合气体中O_(2)对金属导体的腐蚀作用弱于C_(4)F_(7)N。展开更多
文摘The positron annihilation lifetimes and the Doppler broadening by slow positron beam are measured in thin Fe films with thickness 500 nm, a thin Hf film with thickness 100 nm, and the bilayer Fe (50 nm)/Hf (50 nm) on quartz glass substrate. We have analyzed the behavior in vacancy-type defects in each layer through some deposition temperatures and annealing. It is observed that the thin Fe film, the thin Hf film, and the bilayer Fe (50 nm)/Hf (50 nm) already contain many vacancy-type defects. We have investigated the change of densities of the vacancy-carbon complex and the small vacancy-cluster with carbons, through solid-state amorphization of Fe (50 nm)/Hf (50 nm) bilayer.
文摘随着区块链技术的兴起,智能合约安全问题被越来越多的研究者和企业重视,目前已有一些针对智能合约缺陷检测技术的研究.软件缺陷预测技术是软件缺陷检测技术的有效补充,能够优化测试资源分配,提高软件测试效率.然而,目前还没有针对智能合约的软件缺陷预测研究.针对这一问题,提出了面向Solidity智能合约的缺陷预测方法.首先,设计了一组针对Solidity智能合约特有的变量、函数、结构和Solidity语言特性的度量元集(smart contract-Solidity,SC-Sol度量元集),并将其与重点考虑面向对象特征的度量元集(code complexity and features of object-oriented program,COOP度量元集)组合为COOP-SC-Sol度量元集.然后,从Solidity智能合约代码中提取相关度量元信息,并结合缺陷检测结果,构建Solidity智能合约缺陷数据集.在此基础上,应用了7种回归模型和6种分类模型进行Solidity智能合约的缺陷预测,以验证不同度量元集和不同模型在缺陷数量和倾向性预测上的性能差异.实验结果表明,相对于COOP度量元集,COOP-SC-Sol能够让缺陷预测模型的F1-score指标提升8%.此外,进一步研究了智能合约缺陷预测中的类不平衡问题,实验结果表明,通过采样技术对数据集进行预处理能够提升缺陷预测模型的性能,其中随机欠采样技术能够使模型的F1-score指标提升9%.在特定缺陷倾向性预测问题上,模型的预测性能受到数据集类不平衡的影响,在缺陷模块百分比大于10%的数据集中能取得较好的预测性能.
基金This work was supported by the "863" program (No. 2003AA322020)
文摘The existence and its movement rule of crystalline structure defect are closely related to the diffusion, solid phase reaction, sintering, phase transformation as well as the physical and chemical properties of materials. Point defect theory has been widely applied in material mineralization research, unfavorable transformation controlling, material modification, the research and development of new materials and so on. Point defect theory is one of the important theories for new material research and development. Herein we mainly discuss the application of point defect theory in some structural material researches.
文摘C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)混合气体以其优异的环保和绝缘性能成为目前最具潜力替代SF6应用于电力工业的气体绝缘介质。尽管O_(2)的加入可以在一定程度上提升C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体的绝缘性能和化学稳定性,但O_(2)加入及其体积分数变化对混合气体局部放电(partial discharge,PD)作用下气体和固体副产物生成特性的影响规律尚不清楚。因此通过针–板电极模拟设备内的金属突出物缺陷开展C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)96 h PD及其分解特性试验。研究发现C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)混合气体中加入体积分数2%~4%的O_(2)可以显著抑制大部分副产物的生成,O_(2)体积分数大于6%时每秒累积放电量和平均放电量急剧增加,导致混合气体分解加剧;C_(4)F_(7)N/CO_(2)/O_(2)在长时间PD作用下板电极表面中心区域出现较为明显的圆环状固体析出物,主要成分包括金属氧化物(CuO)、氟化物(CuF、CFx)、碳氧化合物(CO、CO_(2))和氮氧化合物(NO、NO_(2));体积分数4%的O_(2)加入对PD固体析出物的元素组成及其价态影响较小,但可以一定程度上减少其生成量,混合气体中O_(2)对金属导体的腐蚀作用弱于C_(4)F_(7)N。
