To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified ...To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified as an up-and-coming alternative.Among the various SEs,organic–inorganic composite solid electrolytes(OICSEs)that combine the advantages of both polymer and inorganic materials demonstrate promising potential for large-scale applications.However,OICSEs still face many challenges in practical applications,such as low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability,which severely limit their applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in OICSEs.Specifically,the influence of inorganic fillers on the main functional parameters of OICSEs,including ionic conductivity,Li+transfer number,mechanical strength,electrochemical stability,electronic conductivity,and thermal stability are systematically discussed.The lithium-ion conduction mechanism of OICSE is thoroughly analyzed and concluded from the microscopic perspective.Besides,the classic inorganic filler types,including both inert and active fillers,are categorized with special emphasis on the relationship between inorganic filler structure design and the electrochemical performance of OICSEs.Finally,the advanced characterization techniques relevant to OICSEs are summarized,and the challenges and perspectives on the future development of OICSEs are also highlighted for constructing superior ASSLBs.展开更多
Solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs)have received considerable attention due to their advantages in thermal stability,energy density,and safety.Solid electrolyte(SE)is a key component in developing high-performance SS...Solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs)have received considerable attention due to their advantages in thermal stability,energy density,and safety.Solid electrolyte(SE)is a key component in developing high-performance SSLBs.An in-depth understanding of the intrinsic bulk and interfacial properties is imperative to achieve SEs with competitive performance.This review first introduces the traditional electrochemical approaches to evaluating the fundamental parameters of SEs,including the ionic and electronic conductivities,activation barrier,electrochemical stability,and diffusion coefficient.After that,the characterization techniques to evaluate the structural and chemical stability of SEs are reviewed.Further,emerging interdisciplinary visualization techniques for SEs and interfaces are highlighted,including synchrotron X-ray tomography,ultrasonic scanning imaging,time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry,and three-dimensional stress mapping,which improve the understanding of electrochemical performance and failure mechanisms.In addition,the application of machine learning to accelerate the screening and development of novel SEs is introduced.This review article aims to provide an overview of advanced characterization from a broad physical chemistry view,inspiring innovative and interdisciplinary studies in solid-state batteries.展开更多
A new solid polymer electrolyte PEO20-LiTf-Urea1.5 was prepared by solution casting technique. The energy of frontier orbitals for the components of the electrolyte was predicted by quantum chemistry calculations, and...A new solid polymer electrolyte PEO20-LiTf-Urea1.5 was prepared by solution casting technique. The energy of frontier orbitals for the components of the electrolyte was predicted by quantum chemistry calculations, and TG stability and electrochemical features were measured. Urea exhibited a lower HOMO energy than PEO, implying its enhanced stability against electrochemical oxidation. Experimentally addition of urea increases the ionic conductivity, which guarantees conductivity requirement for lithium ion batteries. It also results in significant improved electrochemical stability with good thermal stability. Favorable lithium stripping/plating performance is yielded, and it confirms the good stability of the solid electrolyte interphase for the PEO20-LiTf-Urea1.5 system.展开更多
For All-Solid-State battery applications, Mg2+-ion conducting polymer electrolytes and Mg-metal electrode are currently considered as alternate choices in place of Li+-ion conducting polymer electrolytes/Li-metal el...For All-Solid-State battery applications, Mg2+-ion conducting polymer electrolytes and Mg-metal electrode are currently considered as alternate choices in place of Li+-ion conducting polymer electrolytes/Li-metal electrode. Present paper reports fabrication of All-Solid-State battery based on the following Mg2+-ion conducting nano composite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) films: [85PEO: 15Mg(C104)2] + 5% TiO2 (〈 100 nm), [85PEO: 15Mg(CIO4)2] + 3% SiO2(-8 nm). [85PEO: 15Mg(CIO4)2] + 3% MgO (〈 100 nm), [85PEO:15Mg(C1O4)2] + 3% MgO (-44 μm). NCPE films were prepared by hot-press technique. Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) composition: [85PEO: 15Mg(CIO4)2], identified as high conducting film at room temperature, has been used as ISt--phase host and nano/micro particles of active (MgO)/passive (SiO2, TiO2) fillers as IInd-phase dispersoid. Filler particle dependent conductivity studies identified above mentioned NCPE films as optimum conducting composition (OCC) at room temperature. Ion transport behavior of SPE/NCPE film materials was investigated previously. Present paper reports materials characterization and cell performance studies on All-Solid-State batteries: Mg (Anode) Ⅱ SPE or NCPE films tt C+MnO2+Electrolyte (Cathode). Open circuit voltage (OCV) obtained was in the range: 1.79-1.92 V. The batteries were discharged at room temperature under different load conditions and some important battery parameters have been evaluated from plateau region of cell-potential discharge profiles. All the batteries performed quite satisfactorily specially under low current drain states.展开更多
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) of polyacrylamide-co-acrylic acid (PAA) as the polymer host and zinc acetate (ZnA) as an ionic dopant were prepared using a single solvent by the solution casting technique. The amorp...Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) of polyacrylamide-co-acrylic acid (PAA) as the polymer host and zinc acetate (ZnA) as an ionic dopant were prepared using a single solvent by the solution casting technique. The amorphous and crystalline structures of film were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface morphology of samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition and complex formation of films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The conductivity of the PAA-ZnA films was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. According to the XRD and FTIR analyses, all electrolyte films were in amorphous state and the existence of interaction between Zn2+ cations and the PAA structure confirms that the film was successfully prepared. The SEM observations reveal that the electrolyte films appeared to be rough and flat with irregularly shaped surfaces. The highest ionic conductivity (σ) of 1.82 × 10-5 Scm-1 was achieved at room temperature (303 K) for the sample containing 10 wt % ZnA.展开更多
Synthesis and ion transport properties of hot-pressed solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), (l-x) PEO: x KI, where x is the content of KI in wt%, are reported. A hot-press technique has been used for the formation o...Synthesis and ion transport properties of hot-pressed solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), (l-x) PEO: x KI, where x is the content of KI in wt%, are reported. A hot-press technique has been used for the formation of the polymeric membranes in place of the usual solution cast method. The composition (80 PEO:20 KI) was identified as the highest conducting polymer electrolyte on the basis of compositional dependent conductivity studies of PEO:KI films. A conductivity enhancement of more than two orders of magnitude from that of the pure PEO was achieved. Materials characterization and ion transport mechanism were explained by using various experimental techniques.展开更多
The processing techniques used in the fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) were studied. A fast, simple and convenient method of studying and fabricating SOFC was found. The properties of the single cell and t...The processing techniques used in the fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) were studied. A fast, simple and convenient method of studying and fabricating SOFC was found. The properties of the single cell and the series stack of the SOFC were measured and studied. The maximum open voltage and short current density of the single cell are 1 18V and 360 mA/cm\+2,respectively. And the maximum open voltage and short current density of the series stack of 7 cells are 7.30 and 400 mA/cm\+2 respectively and the output power is about 2.0 W. Some simple applications were tried by using the SOFC series stack.展开更多
Using micro-electronic techniques, a high-temperature oxygen sensor with three electrodesis designed. Yttrium-doped stabilized zirconia is used to make the solid electrolyte and thesupporting substrate for the electro...Using micro-electronic techniques, a high-temperature oxygen sensor with three electrodesis designed. Yttrium-doped stabilized zirconia is used to make the solid electrolyte and thesupporting substrate for the electrodes. A gold resistance thermometer is installed on thesensor to directly monitor the temperature of gas. The platinum film is covered with aporous alumina coating, to reduce the flow effect on the sensor output and prolong thesensor’s life. Tests, conducted at 650-900℃ in the mixture of oxygen and nitrogen withthe spanning 0-32.7% oxygen concentration, indicate that the sensor is of higher sensitivity,better reproducibility and durability, fast response, but relatively large current outputs areachieved simultaneously. The sensor fabricated using photolithographic reduction and thick-film metallization techniques is conductive to substantial miniaturization.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22075064,52302234,52272241)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.LR24E020001+2 种基金Natural Science of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2023B009)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710950)Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Fund(LBH-Z21131),National Key Laboratory Projects(No.SYSKT20230056).
文摘To address the limitations of contemporary lithium-ion batteries,particularly their low energy density and safety concerns,all-solid-state lithium batteries equipped with solid-state electrolytes have been identified as an up-and-coming alternative.Among the various SEs,organic–inorganic composite solid electrolytes(OICSEs)that combine the advantages of both polymer and inorganic materials demonstrate promising potential for large-scale applications.However,OICSEs still face many challenges in practical applications,such as low ionic conductivity and poor interfacial stability,which severely limit their applications.This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research advancements in OICSEs.Specifically,the influence of inorganic fillers on the main functional parameters of OICSEs,including ionic conductivity,Li+transfer number,mechanical strength,electrochemical stability,electronic conductivity,and thermal stability are systematically discussed.The lithium-ion conduction mechanism of OICSE is thoroughly analyzed and concluded from the microscopic perspective.Besides,the classic inorganic filler types,including both inert and active fillers,are categorized with special emphasis on the relationship between inorganic filler structure design and the electrochemical performance of OICSEs.Finally,the advanced characterization techniques relevant to OICSEs are summarized,and the challenges and perspectives on the future development of OICSEs are also highlighted for constructing superior ASSLBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1932205 and 52002197)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(Grant No.2021CXGC010401).
文摘Solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs)have received considerable attention due to their advantages in thermal stability,energy density,and safety.Solid electrolyte(SE)is a key component in developing high-performance SSLBs.An in-depth understanding of the intrinsic bulk and interfacial properties is imperative to achieve SEs with competitive performance.This review first introduces the traditional electrochemical approaches to evaluating the fundamental parameters of SEs,including the ionic and electronic conductivities,activation barrier,electrochemical stability,and diffusion coefficient.After that,the characterization techniques to evaluate the structural and chemical stability of SEs are reviewed.Further,emerging interdisciplinary visualization techniques for SEs and interfaces are highlighted,including synchrotron X-ray tomography,ultrasonic scanning imaging,time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry,and three-dimensional stress mapping,which improve the understanding of electrochemical performance and failure mechanisms.In addition,the application of machine learning to accelerate the screening and development of novel SEs is introduced.This review article aims to provide an overview of advanced characterization from a broad physical chemistry view,inspiring innovative and interdisciplinary studies in solid-state batteries.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2008AA11A102)
文摘A new solid polymer electrolyte PEO20-LiTf-Urea1.5 was prepared by solution casting technique. The energy of frontier orbitals for the components of the electrolyte was predicted by quantum chemistry calculations, and TG stability and electrochemical features were measured. Urea exhibited a lower HOMO energy than PEO, implying its enhanced stability against electrochemical oxidation. Experimentally addition of urea increases the ionic conductivity, which guarantees conductivity requirement for lithium ion batteries. It also results in significant improved electrochemical stability with good thermal stability. Favorable lithium stripping/plating performance is yielded, and it confirms the good stability of the solid electrolyte interphase for the PEO20-LiTf-Urea1.5 system.
文摘For All-Solid-State battery applications, Mg2+-ion conducting polymer electrolytes and Mg-metal electrode are currently considered as alternate choices in place of Li+-ion conducting polymer electrolytes/Li-metal electrode. Present paper reports fabrication of All-Solid-State battery based on the following Mg2+-ion conducting nano composite polymer electrolyte (NCPE) films: [85PEO: 15Mg(C104)2] + 5% TiO2 (〈 100 nm), [85PEO: 15Mg(CIO4)2] + 3% SiO2(-8 nm). [85PEO: 15Mg(CIO4)2] + 3% MgO (〈 100 nm), [85PEO:15Mg(C1O4)2] + 3% MgO (-44 μm). NCPE films were prepared by hot-press technique. Solid Polymer Electrolyte (SPE) composition: [85PEO: 15Mg(CIO4)2], identified as high conducting film at room temperature, has been used as ISt--phase host and nano/micro particles of active (MgO)/passive (SiO2, TiO2) fillers as IInd-phase dispersoid. Filler particle dependent conductivity studies identified above mentioned NCPE films as optimum conducting composition (OCC) at room temperature. Ion transport behavior of SPE/NCPE film materials was investigated previously. Present paper reports materials characterization and cell performance studies on All-Solid-State batteries: Mg (Anode) Ⅱ SPE or NCPE films tt C+MnO2+Electrolyte (Cathode). Open circuit voltage (OCV) obtained was in the range: 1.79-1.92 V. The batteries were discharged at room temperature under different load conditions and some important battery parameters have been evaluated from plateau region of cell-potential discharge profiles. All the batteries performed quite satisfactorily specially under low current drain states.
文摘Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) of polyacrylamide-co-acrylic acid (PAA) as the polymer host and zinc acetate (ZnA) as an ionic dopant were prepared using a single solvent by the solution casting technique. The amorphous and crystalline structures of film were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface morphology of samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The composition and complex formation of films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The conductivity of the PAA-ZnA films was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. According to the XRD and FTIR analyses, all electrolyte films were in amorphous state and the existence of interaction between Zn2+ cations and the PAA structure confirms that the film was successfully prepared. The SEM observations reveal that the electrolyte films appeared to be rough and flat with irregularly shaped surfaces. The highest ionic conductivity (σ) of 1.82 × 10-5 Scm-1 was achieved at room temperature (303 K) for the sample containing 10 wt % ZnA.
基金financially supported by DST, New Delhi through the ‘Fast Track Young Scientist Research Project’(No. SR/FTP/PS-23/2009)
文摘Synthesis and ion transport properties of hot-pressed solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), (l-x) PEO: x KI, where x is the content of KI in wt%, are reported. A hot-press technique has been used for the formation of the polymeric membranes in place of the usual solution cast method. The composition (80 PEO:20 KI) was identified as the highest conducting polymer electrolyte on the basis of compositional dependent conductivity studies of PEO:KI films. A conductivity enhancement of more than two orders of magnitude from that of the pure PEO was achieved. Materials characterization and ion transport mechanism were explained by using various experimental techniques.
文摘The processing techniques used in the fabrication of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) were studied. A fast, simple and convenient method of studying and fabricating SOFC was found. The properties of the single cell and the series stack of the SOFC were measured and studied. The maximum open voltage and short current density of the single cell are 1 18V and 360 mA/cm\+2,respectively. And the maximum open voltage and short current density of the series stack of 7 cells are 7.30 and 400 mA/cm\+2 respectively and the output power is about 2.0 W. Some simple applications were tried by using the SOFC series stack.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Edison Sensor Technology Center, Department of Development of the State of Ohio, USA.
文摘Using micro-electronic techniques, a high-temperature oxygen sensor with three electrodesis designed. Yttrium-doped stabilized zirconia is used to make the solid electrolyte and thesupporting substrate for the electrodes. A gold resistance thermometer is installed on thesensor to directly monitor the temperature of gas. The platinum film is covered with aporous alumina coating, to reduce the flow effect on the sensor output and prolong thesensor’s life. Tests, conducted at 650-900℃ in the mixture of oxygen and nitrogen withthe spanning 0-32.7% oxygen concentration, indicate that the sensor is of higher sensitivity,better reproducibility and durability, fast response, but relatively large current outputs areachieved simultaneously. The sensor fabricated using photolithographic reduction and thick-film metallization techniques is conductive to substantial miniaturization.