PM567-Doped solid dye lasers based on PMMA

Polymers are a kind of attractive hosts for laser dyes due to their high transparency in both pumping and lasing ranges and superior optical homogeneity. In this paper solid dye samples based on polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） doped with different concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7, 8 -pentamethyl-2, 6-diethylpyrromethene-BF2 （PM567） are prepared. The absorption, fluorescence and lasing spectra of the samples are obtained. Wide absorption and fluorescence bands are obtained and a red shift of the maxima of the lasing emission spectra is observed. With the second-harmonic generation of Q-switched Nd：YAC laser （532 nm, -20 ns） pumping the samples longitudinally, the slope efficiencies of the samples are obtained. There is an optimal dye concentration for the highest slope efficiency when the pumping energy is lower than some typical value （-250 mJ）, and the highest slope efficiency 35.6% is obtained in the sample with a dye concentration of 2 × 10^-4 mol/L. Pumping the samples at a rate of 10Hz with a pulse energy as high as 200 mJ （the fluence is 0.2 J/cm^2）, the output energy drops to one-half of its initial value after approximate 15500 pulses and the normalized photostability is 5.17CJ/mol. A kind of solid dye laser which could have some applications is built.

Absorption of ultrashort intense lasers in laser–solid interactions

With the advent of ultrashort high intensity laser pulses, laser absorption during the laser–solid interactions has received significant attention over the last two decades since it is related to a variety of applications of high intensity lasers,including the hot electron production for fast ignition of fusion targets, table-top bright X-ray and gamma-ray sources,ion acceleration, compact neutron sources, and generally the creation of high energy density matters. Normally, some absorption mechanisms found for nanosecond long laser pulses also appear for ultrashort laser pulses. The peculiar aspects with ultrashort laser pulses are that their absorption depends significantly on the preplasma condition and the initial target structures. Meanwhile, relativistic nonlinearity and ponderomotive force associated with the laser pulses lead to new mechanisms or phenomena, which are usually not found with nanosecond long pulses. In this paper, we present an overview of the recent progress on the major absorption mechanisms in intense laser–solid interactions, where emphasis is paid to our related theory and simulation studies.

Energy transfer in solid-state dye lasers based on methyl methacrylate co-doped with sulforhodamine B and crystal violet

Laser action in methyl methacrylate （MMA） co-doped with sulforhodamine B and crystal violet dyes was investi- gated. The dye mixture was incorporated into a solid polymeric matrix and was pumped by a 532-nm Nd：YAG laser. Distributed feedback dye laser （DFDL） action was induced in the dye mixture using a prism arrangement both in the donor and acceptor regions by an energy transfer mechanism. Theoretically, the characteristics of acceptor and donor DFDLs, and the dependence of their pulse widths and output powers on acceptor-donor concentrations and pump power, were studied. Experimentally, the output energy of DFDL was measured at the emission peaks of donor and acceptor dyes for different pump powers and different acceptor-donor concentrations. Tuning of the output wavelength was achieved by varying the period of the gain modulation of the laser medium. The laser wavelength showed continuous tunability from 563 nm to 648 nm.

Heat-treated microstructure and mechanical properties of laser solid forming Ti-6Al-4V alloy

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser solid forming （LSF） Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated The influences of the temperature and time of solution treatment and aging treatment were analyzed. The results show that the microstructure of LSFed samples consists of Widmanstatten α laths and a little acicular in columnar prior β grains with an average grain width of 300 μm, which grow epitaxiaUy from the substrate along the deposition direction （27）. Solution treatment had an important effect on the width, aspect ratio, and volmne fraction of primary and secondary a laths, and aging treatment mainly affects the aspect ratio and volume fraction of primary α laths and the width and volume fraction of secondary a laths. Globular a phase was first observed in LSFed samples when the samples were heat treated with solution treatment （950℃, 8 h/air cooling （AC）） or with solution treatment （950℃, 1 h/AC） and aging treatment （550℃, above 8 h/AC）, respectively. The coarsening and globularization mechanisms of a phase in LSFed Ti-6Al-4V alloy during heat treatment were presented. To obtain good integrated mechanical properties for LSFed Ti-6Al-4V alloys, an optimized heat treatment regimen was suggested.

Synchronization of Chaotic Intensities and Phases in an Array of N Lasers

A linear array of N mutually coupled single-mode lasers is investigated. It is shown that the intensities of N lasers are chaotically synchronized when the coupling between lasers is relatively strong. The chaotic synchronization of intensities depends on the location of the lasers in the array. The chaotic synchronization appears between two outmost lasers, the second two outmost lasers, etc. There is no synchronization between nearest neighbors of the lasers. If the number of N is odd, the middle laser is never synchronized between any lasers. The chaotic synchronization of phases between nearest lasers in the array is examined by using the analytic signal and the Gaussian filter methods based on the peak of the power spectrum of the intensity. It can be seen that the message of chaotic intensity synchronization is conveyed through the phase synchronization.

Effect of Intermediate Heat Treatment Temperature on Microstructure and Notch Sensitivity of Laser Solid Formed Inconel 718 Superalloy

Inconel 718 superalloys deposited by laser solid forming （LSF） were heat treated with solution treatment,intermediate heat treatment （IHT） and two-stage aging treatment in sequence （SITA heat treatment）.The effect of IHT temperature on microstructure,tensile property and notch sensitivity of LSFed Inconel 718 superalloy at 500 ℃ were investigated.As-deposited columnar grains have transformed to equiaxed grains and the grains were refined due to the recrystallization during the SITA heat treatment.It is found that the size and amount of δ phase dispersed at grain boundaries decreased with the increasing of IHT temperature,and δ phase disappeared when the IHT temperature reached 1 020 ℃.The ultimate tensile strength （UTS） and yield strength （YS） of smooth samples increased to a maximum when the IHT temperature reached 980 ℃ and then decreased slightly to a minimum when the IHT temperature was 1 000 ℃,and followed by slight increasing again till the IHT temperature reached 1 020 ℃,resulted from the competition of precipitation strengthening effect of γ″ and γ＇ phase and the grain boundary weakening effect caused by the gradual disappearance of δ phase with increasing the IHT temperature.The notch sensitivity factor （qe） decreased but still greater than 1 as the IHT temperature increased,which is attributed to the decrease of the size and amount of δ precipitation.

Influence of processing parameters on deposition characteristics of Inconel 625 superalloy fabricated by laser solid forming

A series of single track clads of Inconel 625 alloy were fabricated by laser solid forming.To achieve the high dimensional accuracy and excellent mechanical properties,the effect of processing parameters on the geometry,the formation of Laves phase and the residual stress was investigated.The results show that laser power and scanning speed had a dramatical influence on the width and height of single-track clads.According to the columnar to equiaxed transition curve of Inconel 625,the grain morphology can be predicted during the LSF process.With the increasing laser power and the decreasing scanning speed,the segregation degree of Si,Nb,Mo,the volume fraction and size of Laves phase increased.Vickers indentation was used to demonstrate that optimizing processing parameter can achieve the minimum residual tensile stress.

Medium performance effect on the high output energy from a xenon lamp-pumped pyrromethene-567 solid-state dye laser

In order to obtain a high output energy from a xenon lamp-pumped solid-state dye laser, homogeneities of laser mediums and flatnesses of medium faces with different processing treatments are discussed in the paper. The mediums without aging treatment, which are prepared by using a prepolymer process and have diamond-machined end faces to produce the required optical finish, give a highest laser output of 281.9 mJ with 0.215% slope efficiency at 2.0x 10^-4 mol/L. The best medium lifetime is 21 shots to 50% of original output equating 74.6 k J/liter.

New Progress on All Solid State Laser Technology in China

1 Significance of All Solid State Laser (DPL) Technology in Field of LaserBecause of the advantages of high conversion efficiency, good beam quality, small size and light weight, DPL becomes the hotspot and priority of development of laser technology. It may be the main body of laser in the future and replace gas laser and liquid laser. It is a great revolution of laser technology.The developed countries vie in developing DPL. China has achieved great success in this field, but there is a wide gap between the developed countries and us. We should attach great importance to it.

Infrared Laser Pumped Green and Blue Laser Emissions from a Single Solid State Material Doped by Rare Earth Ions

The possible ways and progress of infrared or red laser pumped green and blue laser emissions from a single solid state material doped by rare earth ions are outlined. The green and blue lasers realized from infrared laser pumped rare earth doped nonlinear laser crystals by means of self frequency conversion and from infrared laser pumped rare earth doped bulk, fiber and microsphere materials by means of frequency upconversion are introduced in detail. Other kinds of devices and methods are also compared. The typical nonlinear laser crystals such as YAl 3(BO 3) 4, GdAl 3(BO 3) 4, YCa 4O(BO 3) 3 , GdCa 4O(BO 3) 3, and the typical upconversion fluoride fibers are compared and analyzed. The major problems remaining to be solved and the developing trends in the area are also discussed.

Modeling the pulse shape of Q-switched lasers to account for terminal-level relaxation

To account for the effect of lower-level relaxation, we have derived a characteristic equation for describing the laser pulse from the modified rate equations for Q-switched lasers. The pulse temporal profile is related to the ratio of the lower-level lifetime to the cavity lifetime and the number of times the population inversion density is above the threshold. By solving the coupled rate equations numerically, the effect of terminal-level lifetime on pulse temporal behaviour is analysed. The mode is applied to the case of a diode-pumped Nd：YAG laser that is passively Q-switched by a Cr4＋ ：YAG absorber. Theoretical results show good agreement with the experiments.

Diode Pumped Monolithic Unidirectional Nonplanar Single-Frequency Ring Laser

Diode pumped monolithic nonplanar ring laser has been developed, yielding single frequency laser and has the advantages of compactness, reliability and high efficiency. Its principles are given in detail and a monolithic nonplanar ring laser is designed. As a result, a laser of hundreds milliwatts cw single frequency output was built up, placed in a magnetic field and pumped by LD. The optical conversion efficiency was more than 15% and the slope efficiency more than 30%. The laser beam had a good quality, with M 2 about 1 2.

全固化三明治结构Nd:YVO_4与Nd:GdVO_4激光器的特性研究(英文)

Objective:The properties of Nd:GdVO4 laser crystals were studied in application of all-solid laser with LD pumped.Method:We adopted sand wich structural Nd:YVO4 laser crystals experimental devices separately.Results:As to Nd:YVO4 crystal,1.2W continuous laser output at 1064nm was ac-quired with the optical-to-optical transition efficiency of 30%.And as to Nd:GdVO4,1.8W continuous laser out-put at 1064nm was acquired with the optical-to-optical efficiency of 47.2%.Conclusion:All-solid laser is of simple and compact structure,long lifetime,low cost and high efficiency that it will be extensively applied to laser bioengineering,laser environmental monitoring and so on.And comparing the properties of Nd:GdVO4 to that of Nd:YVO4,Nd:GdVO4 would be a more promising all-solid laser crystal.

Analysis of Thermal Effects in Laser Rod Pumped by Repetitively Pulsed Laser Diode Array

Based on some assumptions, the numerical model of thermal distribution in solid state laser crystal pumped by pulsed laser diode is set up due to the pumped intensity distribution. Taking into account the property of YAG materials that varies with temperature, the transient temperature distribution of the laser crystal is calculated using finite element method on condition that K is a constant and a function of temperature. Then, the influence of the pumping parameters on the thermal effect in laser crystal is also discussed. This study is helpful to optimize the design of the diode side pumped solid state lasers.

Growth and Spectral Characteristics of Yb^(3+)-doped LiGd(MoO_4)_2 Crystal

The Yb3＋-doped LiGd（MoO4）2 crystal with the size up to Φ20×30 mm3 has been grown by Czochralski technique.The polarized room temperature absorption and emission spectra have been investigated.This crystal exhibits a broad absorption band centered at 975 nm with an FWHM of 43 and 59 nm for π-and σ-polarization,respectively,and the corresponding maximal absorption cross-sections are 3.36 and 2.42×10-20 cm2.The emission broadband has an FWHM of 47 and 54 nm for π-and σ-polarization,respectively,with the corresponding emission cross sections of 3.92 and 3.34 × 10-20 cm2 at 1020 nm.The measured fluorescence lifetime is 287 μs.

Growth,Structure,and Spectroscopic Characteristics of the Nd^(3+):LiGd(WO_4)_2 Crystal

The Nd^3＋：LiGd（WO4） 2 crystal with dimensions of 25mm×28mm×16mm was grown by the top-seeded solution growth method from the 60 mol% Li2W2O7 flux. LiGd（WO4） 2 crystallizes in the tetragonal system with space group I41/a（C4h^6） and cell parameters： a = 5.1986 and c = 11.2652A. The hardness is about 5.0 Mohs＇ scale. The specific heat is 0.40 J·g^-1·K^-1 at 50 oC. The thermal expansion coefficients for a-and c-axes are 1.314×10^-5 and 2.052×10^-5 K^-1,respectively. The room-temperature polarized absorption and emission spectra and the fluorescence decay curve was measured. The parameters of oscillator strengths,the spontaneous transition probabilities,the fluorescence branching ratios,the radiative lifetimes,and the emission cross sections have been investigated based on Judd-Ofelt theory and Füchtbauer-Ladenburg method. The absorption cross-section is 5.19×10^-20 cm^2 at 805 nm for π-polarization and its line width is 15 nm; the emission cross section is 1.726×10^-19 cm^2 at 1060.5 nm for π-polarization. The fluorescence and radiative lifetimes are 86 and 158 μs,respectively. The fluorescence quantum efficiency is 54.43%.

A narrow-linewidth continuous wave Ho:YALO_3 laser with Fabry–Perot etalons

A narrow linewidth continuous wave Ho：YAP laser with two Fabry-Perot etalons pumped by a Tm：YLF laser is reported. The maximum output power reaches 8.3 W when the incident pump power is 15.8 W, with 52.5% optical-to- optical conversion efficiency and 62.6% slope efficiency. A stable laser output at 2118.1 nm is achieved, with a linewidth less than 0.4 nm （full width at half maximum）. The beam quality factor is M2- 1.25, measured by the traveling knife-edge method.

Characteristics of xenon-lamp pumped pyrromethene 567-doped dye laser based on polymethylmethacrylater

The solid-state medium containing pyrromethene 567 （PM567） in a polymethylmethacrylate polymer host is shown to lase under the flash lamp excitation. The experimental setup is an ordinary industrial product without special design. The bulk transmission losses, the output energy, and the other lasing properties are compared. The medium with the lowest transmission loss, measured to be 0.392 %/cm at 633 nm, gives a laser output of 130 mJ with a slope efficiency of 0.082%.

LD Pumped High Efficient Intracavity Frequency-Doubled Green Laser

A laser diode (LD) pumped Q switched high efficient intracavity frequency doubled Nd ∶YAG laser is reported here. The authors have designed an optical coupler and pointed out that the key to increasing harmonic conversion efficiency is to decrease the loss of fundamental wave. In the experiments, a fundamental mode output laser was acquired. When the pumping power was 12 W, 2.6 W average output power at 1 064 nm with AO Q switch was obtained. 2.1 W average output power at 532 nm was obtained with intracavity frequency doubling, and the highest second harmonic conversion efficiency was 82 0 0.

Enhanced Laser Cooling of Rare-Earth-Ion-Doped Glass Containing Nanometer-Sized Metallic Particles

The enhanced laser cooling performance of rare-earth-ions-doped glasses containing small particles is predicted. This is achieved by the enhancement of local field around rare earth ions, owing to the surface plasmon resonance of small metallic particles. The role of energy transfer between ions and the particle is theoretical discussed. Depending on the particle size and the ion emission quantum efficiency, the enhancement of the absorption and the fluorescence is predicted. Moreover, taking Yb^3＋-doped ZBLAN as example, the cooling power and heat-light converting efficiency are calculated. It is finally concluded that the absorption and the fluorescence are greatly enhanced in these composite materials, the cooling power is increased compared to the bulk material.