Chinese Geological Prospecting Gets Good Harvest, and Mineral Resources and Reserves Increase Gratifying in 2012

On March 27, 2013, the Ministry of Land and Resources held a news conference to announce a significant achievement in Chinese geological prospecting work in 2012. According to government/industry statistics, proved reserves of oil and natural gas have increase substantially in 2012. Newly proven national petroleum geological reserves are 15.2 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 13%, which is the tenth time of more than 1 billion tons since the founding of People＇s Republic of China; newly proven technically recoverable reserves are 270 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 7%. The 2012 national newly proved reserves from natural gas exploration are 961.22 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 33%, which is the highest level in our history; the new proven technically recoverable reserves are 500.8 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 36%. National natural gas production was 106.76 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 5.4%. The Ordos, Tarim and Sichuan basins are still the main producing areas of natural gas in China. In 2012, national oil production was 205 million tons, a year-on-year growth of 1%, which made a steady increase. The national coal-bed methane production was 2.57 billion cubic meters, a year-on-year growth of 24%.

Application of 3-D Geoscience Modeling Technology for the Estimation of Solid Mineral Reserves

Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology （3-D GMT）, this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT： building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.

CO_(2) mineralization by typical industrial solid wastes for preparing ultrafine CaCO_(3): A review

Mineral carbonation is a promising CO_(2) sequestration strategy that can utilize industrial wastes to convert CO_(2) into high-value CaCO_(3).This review summarizes the advancements in CO_(2) mineralization using typical industrial wastes to prepare ultrafine CaCO_(3).This work surveys the mechanisms of CO_(2) mineralization using these wastes and its capacities to synthesize CaCO_(3),evaluates the effects of carbonation pathways and operating parameters on the preparation of CaCO_(3),analyzes the current industrial application status and economics of this technology.Due to the large amount of impurities in solid wastes,the purity of CaCO_(3) prepared by indirect methods is greater than that prepared by direct methods.Crystalline CaCO_(3) includes three polymorphs.The polymorph of CaCO_(3) synthesized by carbonation process is determined the combined effects of various factors.These parameters essentially impact the nucleation and growth of CaCO_(3) by altering the CO_(2) supersaturation in the reaction system and the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains.Increasing the initial pH of the solution and the CO_(2)flow rate favors the formation of vaterite,but calcite is formed under excessively high pH.Vaterite formation is favored at lower temperatures and residence time.With increased temperature and prolonged residence time,it passes through aragonite metastable phase and eventually transforms into calcite.Moreover,polymorph modifiers can decrease the surface energy of CaCO_(3) grains,facilitating the synthesis of vaterite.However,the large-scale application of this technology still faces many problems,including high costs,high energy consumption,low calcium leaching rate,low carbonation efficiency,and low product yield.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate ways to accelerate carbonation,optimize operating parameters,develop cost-effective agents,and understand the kinetics of CaCO_(3) nucleation and crystallization to obtain products with specific crystal forms.Furthermore,more studies on life cycle assessment(LCA)should be conducted to fully confirm the feasibility of the developed technologies.

Energy Mineral Resources of Greece

Greece, in relation to many other countries of similar size, is very advantageous for the mineral wealth it possesses. Great variety, mostly industrial and metallic minerals, and energy mineral raw materials such as lignite, are in its subsoil. The probable and proven reserves of most of the mineral resources of Greece are unknown, as detailed investigations （e.g., drillings, measurements, analyses, etc.） are lacking. In our assessment the total value of the reserves is about ε1.5 trillion and is four times its total debt （ε360 billion）. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Industrial Minerals ＆ Rocks is ε60 billion. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Metallic Minerals is ε72 billion. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Energy Mineral Raw Materials is ε1,362 billion, of which ε268 billion belong to the lignites which are exploited for decades to produce only electricity. The indicated oil reserves are 10 billion barrels with current value of E685 billion and the corresponding of natural gas 3.5 trillion m3 with current value of ε409 billion.

Mineral Resources Classification of the State Subsoil Fund

General principles and description of Mineral Resources the United Nations Framework Classification of Mineral Resources. Classification of the State Subsoil Fund of Ukraine are adapted to The system that is used to classify the resources and reserves of all minerals and fuels in Ukraine has been developed and described. The classification system is part of an official procedure determined by the Ukrainian State Commission on Reserves. Following preparation of resource estimates the results that are registered with the State, which maintains an official inventory of all mineral resources.

Evaluation of Potency and Mineral Reserve Balance for Sustainable Mining Management--Case Study:Central Java Province of Indonesia

The level of availability and scarcity of resources gives an indication of how to manage scarce resources.Good mining practice supports sustainability and minimizes environmental degradation.One alternative to support the development of potential mineral resources is the study of mineral resource balances.The research objectives are:(a)to evaluate the potential of mineral resources and reserves,(b)to evaluate the production data of mineral commodities,(c)to calculate mineral reserve balance.Research methodology includes an inventory of data in the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources.Compilation of mineral resource balance adjusted to the applicable regulations.The study was conducted in the Central Java Province of Indonesia.Based on the evaluation results there were 26 mineral commodities,but there were only 12 commodities developed during 2016-2018.These resources are andesite,limestone,basalt,fill-dirt,sandstone,trass,feldspar,quartz-sand,marble,diorite stone,talk and claystone.The mineral reserve supports the construction of highways,airports and other infrastructure projects in Central Java Province of Indonesia.

Ministry of Land and Resources: To Strengthen Reserve of Key Ore Mines for Strategic Minerals

The Ministry of Land and Resources formally promulgated‘Outline of the'Thirteenth Five Year Plan'for Land and Resources’on August14.The'Outline'pointed out to,reinforce prospecting and protection of key mineral resources;improve orefield reserve mechanism,strengthen reserve of key orefields for strategic minerals such as tungsten,rare earth。

China's Major Minerals in 2016 Are Identified,With Overal Resource Reserves Continuing to Grow

On August 22,the reporter learned from MLR’s Press Conference for Identified Reserves of Mineral Resources of China in2016 that,China’s investment in mining fixed assets and geological exploration had declined for four consecutive years by 2016,and resource reserves growth rate had slowed down due to other reasons such as downturn

基于平行断面法的固体矿产储量估算方法

常规对于沉积物源型矿床储量的估算多采用剖面法,此方法无法准确确定矿体边界基点位置,使得矿产储量估算的误差较大。而平行断面法适用于沉积物源型矿床,在这种矿床中,矿物的分布规律主要受到物源在空间中的变化影响,因此在构建矿体模型时,可以将不同高程的平面投影在一起,得到一个立体的矿体模型。为此,本文提出基于平行断面法的固体矿产储量估算方法。根据矿体品位与可采厚度,提取目标区的约束边界,依据图形数据结构并结合现行工业指标,确定矿体边界基点位置,继而对矿体边界进行圈定,通过分析矿层变异性,采用平行断面法计算矿体边界内的矿带区域变程,获取矿体块段体积,以此为依据,对矿层移动角与矿体密度进行求取,进而求估算出固体矿产储量。以实际矿区为算例,对所提方法的估算性能进行验证,结果表明,所提方法的估算误差较小,估算结果更具可靠性。

发达国家提高关键矿产资源供应保障能力的经验与启示

近年来,为保障关键矿产资源的安全供应,西方发达国家根据国际形势变化不断完善关键矿产资源保障的制度,不断完善关键矿产资源评价指标体系,不断调整优化关键矿产资源战略和关键矿产清单,不断调整优化关键矿产资源战略储备,持续推动关键矿产资源的技术创新,积极开展资源外交,推动关键矿产资源来源的多元化。借鉴发达国家经验,提高我国战略性矿产资源的安全保障能力,需要健全完善矿产资源评价与管理体系,加强矿产资源开发技术攻关和矿产资源产能建设,持续拓展全球矿业合作,提升战略性矿产资源的全球资源配置能力。

新时期我国矿产资源行业高质量发展路径

矿产资源作为人类社会生存和进步的核心物质基础,是经济社会发展的重要支撑。目前我国战略性矿产资源安全保障工作备受国家重视,在新的国际形势下,开展智慧化、数字化建设是打造绿色、安全、高效、可持续发展的矿山产业必由之路。梳理了新时期我国矿产资源行业发展面临的机遇与挑战,从智慧矿山本质内涵、建设实质、目标与路径4个方面诠释了其建设体系架构,从源头减碳、过程降碳、储碳增汇3个角度阐述了如何打造绿色新体系,构筑产业发展新格局。在此基础上,以智慧矿山、绿色矿山建设需重点突破的主流工艺和关键技术为切入点,指明了我国矿产资源行业高质量发展路径与重点技术攻关方向。

月球内部水和月表水冰资源的评估研究

水是地球上的生命之源,也是未来星际旅行重要的推进剂材料,因此在人类对月球和其他地外天体的探测过程中,水是最受关注的战略资源之一。美国Apollo和前苏联Luna登月计划之后二十多年间,月球“无水”的观点曾被广泛接受。文章系统阐述了月球内部水和月表水研究进展、月球水成因、水资源量评估和开发利用方法。近年对月表水资源的探测和月球样品中水含量的深入研究,揭示出月球并非“无水”,月球内部含有较为丰富的水,月表的极区可能有可观的水资源,月表中低纬度地区也广泛存在太阳风成因的水。月球的水成因主要包括自身来源的水、小行星和彗星来源水、太阳风成因水等。据估测,月表极区水冰的资源量约为142.8亿吨,月表太阳风成因水含量约为34万吨,为未来月球基地的建设和深空探测提供了重要的资源保障。并就月球水资源利用的提出多种开发利用方案,包括热能采矿法、月球极地推进剂开采前哨战、钻取一体化开发利用系统等。

中国锂资源安全综合评价及预测预警研究

当前,全球公共卫生事件、地缘冲突和大国博弈加剧冲击全球产业链供应链,新能源关键矿产面临较大供应风险.该文提出了包含需求预测、初级资源供给预测和回收资源供给预测在内的新的矿产资源保障程度预测模型.模型从情景分析出发,将微观矿山数据和宏观经济数据结合,综合运用计量模型、机器学习、因子模拟等方法,考虑了储量、成本、贸易等影响要素,对我国锂资源保障程度进行多情景下的综合预测分析.研究结果显示,我国锂资源存在长期资源储备不足的风险,加大勘察投入可以有效增加未来可供储量,提升资源保障程度;未来中国初级锂的保障程度逐渐上升,将在2030年满足国内一半需求;当前锂资源回收率较低,提高回收率能够有效提升次级锂的供应,当回收率提升至40%以上,能基本实现锂资源的对内保障.政策建议:加大勘探投入,实施新一轮找矿行动;提升矿业生产效率,保障初级资源生产;政府鼓励企业加强锂资源回收,提高资源回收率;加快技术革新,提升资源利用率,降低回收成本.

中国硒矿的矿床类型、分布与资源潜力

作为战略性新兴矿产之一的硒,在电子、化工、医学、半导体、光伏、空间探测等产业的众多领域都有重要的应用。目前,中国的硒资源供需矛盾十分突出,摸清中国硒资源的家底,合理利用和开发硒资源,是保障国家硒资源战略安全,推动相关产业高质量发展的关键。本文对中国92个硒矿床进行了资料收集与整理,归纳总结了中国硒矿床的成因类型与时空分布特征,分析了硒资源潜力。研究结果表明:中国硒矿床的成因类型主要为岩浆熔离型、矽卡岩型、斑岩型、岩浆热液型、海相火山岩型、陆相火山岩型、浅成中低温热液型、化学或生物化学沉积型;中国硒矿床自元古代到新生代均有产出,但大部分集中在中生代,其次是晚古生代和早古生代,其他时代的硒矿床数量较少。根据中国硒矿床的矿床类型、分布特征,划分南阿尔泰-北准噶尔、东天山、阿拉善、北祁连、西秦岭南亚带、东秦岭、湘鄂西-黔中南以及长江中下游共8个中国潜在硒矿资源矿集区。

新时代背景下广西矿产资源储备机制优化与实现路径探索

矿产资源是经济社会发展的重要物质基础,新时代高质量发展对我国矿产资源保障能力的提升提出了更高要求,矿产资源安全成为新时代国家安全体系的重要组成部分。矿产资源储备是保障国家矿产资源安全的重要途径,建立完善的矿产资源储备机制对稳定矿产资源市场和维护国家安全具有重要意义。围绕全民所有自然资源资产管理体制机制和深化矿产资源管理改革的要求,本文梳理和总结了当前国内外矿产资源储备模式,分析了矿产资源储备的背景及存在的问题。结合全民所有自然资源资产所有者职责,以广西壮族自治区矿产资源储备为例,提出了矿产资源战略储备、调控储备、周转储备模式,从而补充单一的国家战略矿产资源储备。结合“净矿”出让的要求和程序,探索了调控储备、周转储备的程序。从制定矿产资源储备管理办法、构建多层次矿产资源储备体系、拓宽矿产资源储备资金渠道等方面提出了矿产资源储备机制优化建议。

铁尾矿特性分析及其利用技术现状和展望

铁尾矿是我国矿山固废体量最大的组成部分,目前仍面临着综合利用率低、产品附加值不高等问题。由于不同类型矿山尾矿的特性差异较大,且不同应用领域对原料的要求也不相同,因此,有必要对铁尾矿的原料特性及利用技术进行概括,并对该领域的发展前景进行评估,为铁尾矿和其他大宗固废的合理化利用提供借鉴。本文首先分析了我国不同地区、不同矿种以及不同选矿工艺排放尾矿的特性差异,包括元素组成、有价组分以及粒度等。其次从大宗利用和高值化应用两个方面对铁尾矿利用技术现状进行了概括。铁尾矿的大宗利用技术包括尾矿再选和制备建筑材料等,其中尾矿再选以提取铁精矿、有价金属元素以及高品质非金属矿为主。铁尾矿作为建材原料时,其应用方向可以概括为胶结型材料、烧结型建材以及熔制型材料,高值化应用以制备功能性非金属矿物材料为主。选矿工艺、设备以及人工智能等新技术的发展,对提高尾矿品质具有重要作用。在上游提高铁尾矿品质的同时,通过产业链上下游协同攻关,根据不同分选工艺排放铁尾矿的特性差异,进行针对性的应用研究,将有望真正解决铁尾矿高附加值利用不高的问题。

矿产地储备的作用、规模及影响因素研究

矿产资源是一个国家经济、国防安全保障的主要物质基础。进入21世纪后,各国对矿产资源的争夺日趋激烈,以美国、欧盟、日本为代表的发达国家,相继建立了以保障经济、国防安全为目标的矿产资源战略储备制度。当前,国内外矿产资源开发利用形势复杂多变;我国经济发展进入快速发展阶段,矿产资源保护与合理开发利用需要建立更加完善科学的战略体系,开展矿产地储备及提高资源安全保障水平的工作刻不容缓。矿产地储备的主要目的是保障我国矿产资源长期供应安全,增强国家宏观调控能力。本文在收集分析国外尤其是发达国家矿产资源储备工作资料的基础上,结合我国矿产资源禀赋、勘查成果和国家经济发展所需,开展了针对我国矿产地储备工作的研究。本文分析了矿产地储备的作用、规模和影响因素,认为矿产地储备作为矿产资源储备的一种形式,它具有在储备方式上简便易行和长期战略性的特点;构建矿产地战略储备体系,可以给科学技术发展争取时间,当技术、经济条件具备时再行开发可以有效地减少资源浪费;矿产地储备可以弥补矿产品储备的不足,增强矿产资源使用效益,保障国家中长期的矿产供应量和经济社会发展的代际公平。因此,矿产地储备意义重大,是关系到国家资源安全和国民经济发展的战略性工作。

全生命周期视角下矿产资源资产确认计量探讨

矿产资源是经济社会发展的重要物质基础,矿产资源拥有量和禀赋是国家财富的重要组成部分。矿产资源资产从实物角度看具有隐蔽性和高风险性,从量价角度看具有不确定性和递减性,随着我国社会治理水平不断提升,矿产资源资产在会计确认计量方面亟待完善。本文运用全生命周期理论,在分析矿业权的量价核算模式基础之上,分析矿产资源储量和矿业权价值的影响因素,探讨矿业权在取得、经营、延续、转让、注销各环节的确认计量方式,引入矿产资源资产初始价格和账面价值概念,提出矿产资源资产“累计折耗”科目,探索实现矿产资源资产实物量和价值量核算模式的应用过程和配套管理方式。

某段公路改建工程压覆矿产资源储量调查评估

通过调查了解查清某段公路改建工程沿线两侧及两端各2 km范围内已探明矿产资源储量和已设置矿权及未设矿权的矿产地分布情况,掌握评估区内矿产资源的分布、数量、种类、范围、开采方式和开发利用等情况,从而确定建设项目是否压覆重要矿产资源,确保建设项目能够合理保护矿产资源,为建设项目用地审批提供技术依据。