Study on Instable Combustion of Solid Rocket Motor with Finocyl Grain

The instable combustion or oscillation combustion which occurs in three high capacity solid rocket motors using high energy composite propellant with finocyl grain is studied. The reasons of the acoustic combustion instability are also discussed. Three engineering methods that can eliminate combustion instability are proposed and discussed. The study shows that the combustion instability mainly depends on the propellant grain shape and nozzle structure. Some measures to reduce the acoustic energy and mass generation rate of combustion gas can be adopted. The test results indicate that the modified rocket motors can significantly eliminate the instable combustion and improve the motor internal ballistic performance.

Research on the Initial Ignition of the Underwater Launching Solid Rocket Motor

The aim of this investigation is to research the initial ignition of the underwater-launching solid rocket motor.The MIXTURE multiple-phase model was set to simulate the initial ignition.The water vaporization was researched and the energy transfer was added to the energy equations.The flow field and the vaporization were calculated coupled.The initial ignition process of the underwater solid rocket motor is obtained and the vaporization influence to the underwater launching is analyzed.The ＂neck＂,＂inverted jet＂ and ＂eruption＂ phenomenon of the bubble are observed.The bubble increases more rapidly because the steam mass added to the fuel.The temperature is lower considering the vaporization because the steam enthalpy is lower than the fuel enthalpy and the flow field of the initial ignition of the underwater-launching solid rocket motor is accordant well to the reference.

The properties of Sn-Zn-Al-La fusible alloy for mitigation devices of solid propellant rocket motors

The Al and La elements are added to the Sn9Zn alloy to obtain the fusible alloy for the mitigation devices of solid propellant rocket motors. Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), metallographic analysis,scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), tensile testing and fracture analysis were used to study the effect of Al and La elements on the microstructure, melting characteristics, and mechanical properties of the Sn9Zn alloy. Whether the fusible diaphragm can effectively relieve pressure was investigated by the hydrostatic pressure at high-temperature test. Experimental results show that the melting point of the Sn9Zn-0.8Al0·2La and Sn9Zn-3Al0·2La fusible alloys can meet the predetermined working temperature of ventilation. The mechanical properties of those are more than 35% higher than that of the Sn9Zn alloy at-50°C-70°C, and the mechanical strength is reduced by 80% at 175°C. It is proven by the hydrostatic pressure at high-temperature test that the fusible diaphragm can relieve pressure effectively and can be used for the design of the mitigation devices of solid propellant rocket motors.

Influence of Solid Rocket Motor Slag on the Space Debris Environment

The resulting slag particles from solid rocket motor( SRM) firings are an important component of space debris environment. Slag sizes as large as 1 cm have been witnessed in ground tests,and comparable sizes have been also estimated via observations of sub-orbital tail-off events. We achieve slag initial data based on MASTER slag model and SRM historical launch data,and propagate slag long-term orbital evolution taking into account the zonal harmonics J2,atmospheric drag,solar radiation pressure and luni-solar attraction to discuss the slag size distribution and orbital characteristics. Finally,future slag debris environment is evaluated based on two different launch rate assumptions. The result shows that current launch frequency will make the slag population sustain growth and the population will not decrease at once even if there are no more launches in the future.

Laminar and Turbulent Characteristics of the Acoustic/Fluid Dynamics Interactions in a Slender Simulated Solid Rocket Motor Chamber

In this paper,analytical,computational,and experimental studies are integrated to examine unsteady acoustic/vorticity transport phenomena in a solid rocket motor chamber with end-wall disturbance and side-wall injection.Acoustic-fluid dynamic interactions across the chamber may generate intense unsteady vorticity with associated shear stresses.These stresses may cause scouring and,in turn,enhance the heat rate and erosional burning of solid propellant in a real rocket chamber.In this modelling,the unsteady propellant gasification is mimicked by steady-state flow disturbed by end-wall oscillations.The analytical approach is formulated using an asymptotic technique to reduce the full governing equations.The equations that arise from the analysis possess wave properties are solved in an initial-boundary value sense.The numerical study is performed by solving the parabolized Navier–Stokes equations for the DNS simulation and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations along with the energy equation using the control volume approach based on a staggered grid system with the turbulence modelling.The v2-f turbulence model has been implemented.The results show that an unexpectedly large amplitude of unsteady vorticity is generated at the injection side-wall of the chamber and is then penetrated downstream by the bulk motion of the internal flow.These stresses may cause a scouring effect and large transient heat transfer on the combustion surface.A comparison between the analytical,computational,and experimental results is performed.

On the Transient Numerical Simulation of Solid Rocket Motor by Coupling Quasi One⁃Dimension Internal Flow with Three⁃Dimension Propellant Grain Burnback

The quasi one⁃dimension compressible flowfield coupled to the three⁃dimension propellant grain regression solved by the level⁃set method was used to simulate the transient internal ballistics of solid rocket motor.One⁃dimension flowfield instead of three⁃dimension can save computational cost on the premise of calculation accuracy because the radial and azimuthal variations parameters have little contribution to the internal flowfield.The grain regression in real⁃time could provide accurate geometrical information for simulation.A combination of flowfluid solver and grain regression can reappear in a relatively real internal ballistic flowfield,so it is good for further studying the instability of solid rocket motor.For level⁃set equations,the total variation⁃diminishing second⁃order Runge⁃Kutta method for temporal derivatives and a fifth⁃order weighted⁃essentially⁃non⁃oscillatory scheme for spatial derivatives were used.The total variation⁃diminishing MacCormack method was used to discrete the Euler equations in flowfield solver.Two modules of this code were tested in this study:one is the burning rate module and the other is the nozzle erosion module.Results show that the burning rate influenced the solid rocket motor efficiency,and the velocity profile in the chamber was affected by the nozzle shape,and the nozzle erosion could influence the head⁃end pressure spike.

Research on Instantaneous Thrust Measurement for Attitude-control Solid Rocket Motor

In order to measure the instantaneous thrust of a certain attitude-control solid rocket motor, based on the analysis of the measurement principles, the difference between the instantaneous thrust and steady thrust measurements is pointed out. According to the measurement characteristics, a dynamic digital filter compensation method is presented. Combined the identification-modeling, dynamic compensation and simulation, the system's dynamic mathematic model is established. And then, a compensation digital filter is also designed. Thus, the dynamic response of the system is improved and the instantaneous thrust measurement can be implemented. The measurement results for the rocket motor show that the digital filter compensation is effective in the instantaneous thrust measurement.

Measurement of alumina film induced ablation of internal insulator in solid rocket environment

This study investigates the ablation of internal insulation induced by the deposition of an alumina film with different lateral film speeds.A sub-scale test solid rocket motor(SRM)was designed in an impinging jet configuration to form an alumina film on the sample and to encourage the lateral movement of the film by a high-speed wall jet.Fifteen static fire tests of the test SRM were conducted with six different jet velocities(V_(jet)=100 m/s,150 m/s,200 m/s,268 m/s,330 m/s,and 450 m/s)that indirectly affected the velocity of the wall jet and the deposition rate of alumina droplets.The ablation velocity was deduced from the difference in the sample thickness after a test using a coordinate measuring machine.The droplet deposition mass flux and wall jet velocity were obtained via two-phase flow simulation with the same jet velocity and effective pressure.As a result,the characteristics of alumina-induced ablation and the changes in ablation with jet velocities were obtained.The area within0.8×jet diameter was focused upon,where the ratio of ablation velocity to incoming alumina mass was constant for each jet velocity,and showed a similarity in jet structure.When the ablation velocity was increased from 2.05 to 9.98 mm/s with increasing jet velocity,the ratio of the ablation velocity and alumina mass flux decreased from 1.07×10^(-4)to 0.49×10^(-4)m^(3)/kg as Al_(2)O_(3)-C reactions became less efficient with a reduced residence time of the film.Because the decrease in residence time by the wall jet is more pronounced for slow reactions involved in Al_(2)O_(3)-C reactions,fast reactions in Al_(2)O_(3)-C reactions are less affected and result in a convergence of the volumetric rate of ablation per unit mass of alumina.

China's Civil Solid Rocket Motors

China develops solid fuelrocket technology completely de-pending on its own strength.Since the late 1950s,variouskinds of solid rocket engines de-veloped by the 4th Academy ofChina Aerospace Corporation(CASC)have been used intomany positioning and recoveringtests of various satellites and over100 flight tests of various missileswith a 100％ successful rate.InOctober,1982,especially,Chinasuccessfully launched a solid fuelrocket from a submarine underwater,which reflected China’shigh level in this field.China’scivilian solid rocket engines are asfollows:

Solid Rocket Motors for Launch Escape Tower Provide Safety to Astronauts

Compared with other ordinary launch vehicles, the LM-2F launch vehicle has two special systems, the fault detection processing system and launch escape system, because it is used for manned spaceflight missions. During the 10 flight missions carried out by LM-2F, only the

节流式燃/氧分离组合固体发动机推力性能调节数值研究

节流式燃/氧分离组合固体发动机将燃烧室分为富燃燃烧室和富氧燃烧室,采用富燃固体推进剂和富氧固体推进剂串联装填的形式,在两个燃烧室中间增加节流阀,通过调节节流阀开度实现推力调节。利用商业软件对节流式燃/氧分离组合固体发动机在节流阀流道半径不同时的工作状态进行模拟,研究节流式燃/氧分离组合固体发动机的工作特性,获得节流式燃/氧分离组合固体发动机燃气流动和掺混特征,揭示节流式燃/氧分离组合固体发动机推力调节机理以及节流阀流道半径对节流式燃/氧分离组合固体发动机燃烧效率的影响规律。研究发现:节流阀流道开度(即节流阀流道半径R)减小可增大发动机推力;随着节流阀开度的减小,节流阀出口燃气马赫数随之增大,而发动机燃烧效率却出现先增大后减小的规律,当节流阀出口燃气流动达到临界状态时发动机燃烧效率出现最大值。

节流式燃/氧分离组合固体火箭发动机动态工作过程数值研究

利用商业软件ANSYS Fluent对节流式燃/氧分离组合固体火箭发动机动态工作过程进行数值研究,揭示该发动机基本动态工作过程以及节流阀作动速度的影响。结果表明,节流阀作动会导致发动机富氧燃烧室压强、节流阀出口质量流量以及发动机推力出现负调现象;节流阀作动速度差异不影响发动机调节后的稳定工作状态;随着节流阀作动速度增大,发动机达到稳定工作状态所需时间逐渐缩短,实现性能调控的响应速度增快,但发动机各参数负调量也随之增大,从而增加了发动机发生振动的风险。

后摆心潜入式喷管柔性接头力学特性数值仿真

针对后摆心潜入式喷管柔性接头在燃气压力与摆动联合载荷下,弹性件与增强件的力学特性计算问题,建立了对称刚体-柔性体结合的几何模型;采用了有限元方法,获取了柔性接头在燃气压力、摆动载荷及联合载荷下应力、弹性比力矩分布规律。研究表明:随着燃气压力增大,弹性比力矩降低;随摆角增大,弹性比力矩增大。文中的数值仿真方法,可以应用于柔性接头力学特性的计算,为柔性接头强度的安全性评估提供指导。

固体发动机喷管热结构耦合数值仿真研究

针对在热载荷与内压联合作用下,固体火箭发动机潜入式喷管的热结构耦合数值仿真问题,采用流体仿真软件与结构计算软件,展开了数值模拟。在流体仿真软件中,计算了潜入式喷管工作过程的内部稳态流场,提取了高温燃气流动参数与固体壁面对流换热系数。在有限元结构计算平台内,编写了非均布壁面压力载荷与非均布对流换热系数子程序,耦合求解了喷管热结构耦合问题,获取了热防护材料内部温度场与应力场分布。研究表明,热载荷是引起喉衬应力的主要原因。喉衬环向压应力与拉应力随时间呈现先增大后减小的过程。经地面喷管结构完整性热试车试验验证,该热结构耦合数值仿真方法可用于喷管结构完整性与安全性分析,为喷管结构设计提供合理指导。

氧化剂燃气来流下TAGN富燃料掺混燃烧特性

在新型氧/燃分离式组合固体发动机中,氧化剂燃气来流工况对富燃料掺混燃烧特性具有重要影响。为揭示氧化剂来流下富燃料掺混燃烧特性,基于课题组前期建立的氧化剂/富燃料掺混燃烧反应详细机理,构建了新型氧/燃分离式组合固体发动机二维稳态燃烧模型。通过数值仿真分析,获得了不同来流温度和马赫数下,高氯酸铵(AP)氧化剂燃气对硝酸三氨基胍(TAGN)富燃料掺混燃烧特性的影响。结果表明,随着AP燃气来流的初温升高,沿流动方向的混合效果变强,而沿径向方向的混合效果变差,TAGN富燃料前端传热系数有所提升,燃面平均退移速率出现小幅下降;增大AP燃气来流马赫数,显著强化了AP和TAGN的掺混和传热过程,提高了TAGN燃气和AP燃气之间的反应速率,燃面平均退移速率显著增大。

脉冲触发对固体火箭发动机内弹道压强抬升的影响

为了解固体火箭发动机在脉冲触发激励下的工作性能,设计了一种脉冲触发实验系统并开展实验研究,建立了脉冲触发内弹道模型。结果表明,实验系统压强抬升响应时间在25 ms以内,相较于延长段位置,发动机头部的压强扰动更大,扰动传播速度为1259 m/s;脉冲触发器峰值压强与发动机压强抬升预示误差均小于6%;延长段越长,脉冲触发产生的压强抬升越小;脉冲药量越大,压强抬升越大,脉冲药量与压强抬升呈近线性关系,药量从3 g增加到8 g,发动机压强抬升率从8.142%提升到31.594%;发动机压强抬升随脉冲触发器节流孔径的提升显著增大,孔径从1 mm增大到4 mm,压强抬升率从1.656%提升到了27.448%,壅塞作用导致1 mm的节流孔径无法达到脉冲触发效果;发动机压强抬升随着发动机喉径的增大而减小,喉径从12.50 mm提升到14.00 mm,压强抬升率从19.204%降低到了14.771%;对于本实验系统,触发时刻对发动机压强抬升影响小。

SolidWorks二次开发在燃面计算中的应用

以SolidWorks二次开发接口为基础,探讨了参数化设计在固体火箭发动机装药燃面计算中的应用.通过不同的药柱建模方法实现了固体药柱的装药计算,发展了一种更为简单准确的燃面计算方法.计算结果表明,理论计算和试验结果吻合得较好,能够较好地模拟固体药柱的燃烧过程,可以满足工程计算上的需要,为固体装药的燃面计算提供了新的思路和方法.

基于植入式光纤传感网络的固体火箭发动机结构健康监测

为实现对固体火箭发动机结构健康状态的实时监测和评估,设计并研制了一种高强度飞秒光栅传感网络,重点研究了传感器与信号传输链路的涂覆和封装。开展了发动机界面脱粘模拟实验。设计可用于发动机应变、温度和载荷的模拟演示系统,建立了基于光纤传感器采集数据的发动机数字孪生模型,形成发动机实物与数字孪生体的精准映射。最后将光纤传感器阵列植入发动机,对发动机开展水压监测实验、高低温存储实验、长周期监测实验和点火实验。对监测结果进行无损检测验证,结果表明该传感网络能够准确测量出发动机的应变状态,为固体火箭发动机的结构健康管理提供有效的数据支撑。

喷管两相湍流数值模拟及湍流模型性能评估

研究固体火箭发动机喷管中颗粒质量流率对两相流的影响规律以及不同RANS模型对该问题的预测性能,可为喷管设计等工程应用提供重要参考。在欧拉-拉格朗日(Euler-Lagrange)框架下,通过3D大涡模拟(3D LES)研究了颗粒质量流率对喷管两相流场的影响规律,以3D LES结果作为参考依据,分析了不同RANS模型针对喷管两相流在2D轴对称和3D模拟中的性能。结果表明:由于扩张段内颗粒集中在中轴线附近区域,颗粒质量流率越大,该区域马赫数越低,温度越高;壁面附近存在无颗粒区,故边界层内流动几乎不受颗粒影响。另外,采用不同湍流模型计算得到的颗粒分布与LES基本相同。在2D轴对称RANS模拟中,发现RNG k-ε模型所预测的气相质量流率和喷管比冲与LES结果吻合最好;在高颗粒质量分数下(约30%),不同湍流模型预测的相对比冲损失差别可超过3%。在3D RANS模拟中,发现Realizable k-ε模型表现出最佳的综合性能,所预测的物理量沿中轴线分布的准确性均优于其他模型。当颗粒质量分数约为31.2%时,Realizable k-ε模型所预测的比冲为与LES结果相比误差仅1.56%。