Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Solid-liquid Two-phase Flow in Centrifugal Pump

The flow with solid-liquid two-phase media inside centrifugal pumps is very complicated and the relevant method for the hydraulic design is still immature so far. There exist two main problems in the operation of the two-phase flow pumps, i.e., low overall efficiency and severe abrasion. In this study, the three-dimensional, steady, incompressible, and turbulent solid-liquid two-phase flows in a low-specific-speed centrifugal pump are numerically simulated and analyzed by using a computational fluid dynamics （CFD） code based on the mixture model of the two-phase flow and the RNG k-~ two-equation turbulence model, in which the influences of rotation and curvature are fully taken into account. The coupling between impeller and volute is implemented by means of the frozen rotor method. The simulation results predicted indicate that the solid phase properties in two-phase flow, especially the concentration, the particle diameter and the density, have strong effects on the hydraulic performance of the pump. Both the pump head and the efficiency are reduced with increasing particle diameter or concentration. However, the effect of particle density on the performance is relatively minor. An obvious jet-wake flow structure is presented near the volute tongue and becomes more remarkable with increasing solid phase concentration. The suction side of the blade is subject to much more severe abrasion than the pressure side. The obtained results preliminarily reveal the characteristics of solid-liquid two-phase flow in the centrifugal pump, and are helpful for improvement and empirical correction in the hydraulic design of centrifugal pumps.

Computational Analysis of Centrifugal Pump Delivering Solid-liquid Two-phase Flow during Startup Period

The transient behavior of centrifugal pumps during transient operating periods, such as startup and stopping, has drawn more and more attention recently because of urgent needs in engineering. Up to now, almost all the existing studies on this behavior are limited to using water as working fluid. The study on the transient behavior related to solid-liquid two-phase flow has not been seen yet. In order to explore the transient characteristics of a high specific-speed centrifugal pump during startup period delivering the pure water and solid-liquid two-phase flow, the transient flows inside the pump are numerically simulated using the dynamic mesh method. The variable rotational speed and flow rate with time obtained from experiment are best fitted as the function of time, and are written into computational fluid dynamics （CFD） code-FLUENT by using a user defined function. The predicted heads are compared with experimental results when pumping pure water. The results show that the difference in the transient performance during startup period is very obvious between water and solid-liquid two-phase flow during the later stage of startup process. Moreover, the time for the solid-liquid two-phase flow to achieve a stable condition is longer than that for water. The solid-liquid two-phase flow results in a higher impeller shaft power, a larger dynamic reaction force, a more violent fluctuation in pressure and a reduced stable pressure rise comparing with water. The research may be useful to tmderstanding on the transient behavior of a centrifugal pump under a solid-liquid two-phase flow during startup period.

Theoretical analysis of effect of solid phase on cavitation performance of deep-sea mining pump

In view of the present situation of low cavitation performance of deep-sea mining slurry pump, the effect of solid phase on the cavitation performance of deep-sea mining pump is analyzed theoretically. The relationship between gas and liquid phases are established by cavitation nucleon theory and mass energy equation as well as solid phase and liquid phase, and then we explored the relationship between gas phase and solid phase. The results show that the critical bubble radius and solid-phase concentration flow rate during the cavitation can be related to the liquid pressure. Eq.(19) show that the larger the solid particle concentration and the solid phase flow, the earlier the cavitation will occur, and pump anti-cavitation performance will decline.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on the Influence of Solid-phase Characteristics on Centrifugal Pump Performance

The law governing the movement of particles in the centrifugal pump channel is complicated; thus, it is difficult to examine the solid-liquid two-phase turbulent flow in the pump. Consequently, the solid-liquid two-phase pump is designed based only on the unary theory. However, the obvious variety of centrifugal-pump internal flow appears because of the existence of solid phase, thus changing pump performance. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the flow characteristics of the solid-liquid two-phase pump. In the current paper, two-phase numerical simulation and centrifugal pump performance tests are carried out using different solid-particle diameters and two-phase mixture concentration conditions. Inner flow features are revealed by comparing the simulated and experimental results. The comparing results indicate that the influence of the solid-phase characteristics on centrifugal-pump performance is small when the flow rate is low, specifically when it is less than 2 m3/h. The maximum efficiency declines, and the best efficiency point tends toward the low flow-rate direction along with increasing solid-particle diameter and volume fraction, leading to reduced pump steady efficient range. The variation tendency of the pump head is basically consistent with that of the efficiency. The efficiency and head values of the two-phase mixture transportation are even larger than those of pure-water transportation under smaller particle diameter and volume fraction conditions at the low-flow-rate region. The change of the particle volume fraction has a greater effect on the pump performance than the change in the particle diameter. The experimental values are totally smaller than the simulated values. This research provides the theoretical foundation for the optimal design of centrifugal pump.

Investigation on pumping oxygen characteristics of (Bi_2O_3)_(0.73)(Y_2O_3)_(0.27) solid electrolyte

（Bi2O3）0.73（Y2O3）0.27 fine powders prepared by wet chemical precipitation method were cold isostatically pressed to form solid electrolyte tubes, and sintered at 900 ℃ for 10 h in the air. Their pumping oxygen characteristics in non-dehydrated Ar gas were investigated, where a ZrO2 （Y2O3 stabilized） oxygen sensor was used to measure the oxygen partial pressure Po2. The results showed that the Po2 value reached magnitudes of 1×10^-2-1×10^-10 Pa at the applied pumping oxygen voltage of 0.5 V, 1×10^-37-1×10^-27 Pa at 1.0 V and 1×10^-53-1×10^47 Pa at 2.0 V within the temperature range from 550 to 650 ℃. Moreover, no cracks were found in the tested solid electrolyte tubes. Thus, the Bi2O3-Y2O3 system might be used in solid electrolyte oxygen pump for purifying gases.

The Development of Gear Pump CAD/CAPP Based on Solid Works

Nowadays, many kinds of software, which have succes sf ully created the integration of CAD, CAPP and CAM, find their disadvantages in p ractical manufacturing. As a result, it is welcomed to develop small CAD/CAPP sy stems on a proper CAD platform, which aim at requirements of factories. Based on the one of the most popular three-dimensional design software SolidWorks, we successfully developed a set of gear pump CAD /CAPP software for Huaiyin Gene ral Factory of Mechanics. 1 The architecture and function of the software According to the need of the enterprises, the general structure of the software contain two subsystems, which are detailed as follows: · The gear pump CAD subsystem contains four main modules, including the optiona l design module of gear pump, module of part design, the module of entity modeli ng and the module of drawing which creates 2 D drawings of parts and assembly c orresponding 3 D modals. · The gear pump CAPP subsystem, which is a combination of creative mode and der ivate mode, also includes four modules, they are the module of access to feature s, the module of planning process route, the module of designing process sheets and the module of generating process documents. 2 The developing environment of the system Basing on Windows 98 and SolidWorks2001 platform, this system creates all functi ons by using Visual C++ 6.0 as developing tools. 3 The keys to the CAD/CAPP integration 3.1 The establishment of product information modal The information of parts is the basis of process planning. In this system, we us e feature modeling to describe the information of parts and assembly of gear pum p, and set up a fundamental basis for the whole system. The information module o f gear pump includes the information of both the assembly and the parts; the par t-describing module uses four-layer structure that is subassembly layer, part layer, feature layer and geometric layer. 3.2 The operation of the information on feature modeling After establishment of information mode of gear pump, the next key problem is ho w to transmit information of product to CAPP subsystem. In order to integrate pe rfectly, connecting CAD with CAPP directly can be a good method. In this system, all information of parts is store in the part drawing files, and the CAPP syste m can load these files to get information. The gear pumps, which are produced by Huaiyin General Factory of Mechanics, are usually belong to several similar typ es, and this means that most products possess large number of similar feature. T herefore, we can easily establish a specific feature for gear pump CAD/CAPP syst em. All parts are created by selecting these features and/or adding few special features. In the module of access to feature of CAPP subsystem, the main task is to find the features and the information will be easily got. 4 Conclusion This system successfully creates gear pump CAD/CAPP integration based on SolidWo rks. 3D CAD software provide more convenient platform for integration and will i nevitably become the mainstream of product design. By developing this system, we clearly realize the promising future of SolidWorks.

旋流泵叶轮流道固液两相流动不稳定性分析

由于结构的特殊性以及固液两相存在的密度差,旋流泵在输送固液两相介质过程中,内部会出现多方面的不稳定性特征,基于Particle模型,运用ANSYS CFX软件对额定转速下旋流泵在不同流量下输送不同固相体积分数的多种工况进行了非定常数值模拟,分析了叶轮流道内的固相分布、压力脉动和叶轮径向力,从而深入了解叶轮内部不稳定性。结果表明:在C_(v)=5%体积分数下,0.8 Q_(d)、1.0 Q_(d)流量下叶轮流道内固相体积分布均匀,1.2 Q_(d)分布不均匀;在C_(v)=10%体积分数下,0.8 Q_(d)流量下分布均匀,1.0 Q_(d)和1.2 Q_(d)流量下分布不均匀;在C_(v)=20%体积分数下,0.8 Q_(d)、1.2 Q_(d)流量下分布均匀,1.0 Q_(d)分布不均匀;在C_(v)=20%、1.0 Q_(d)工况的一个旋转周期内,叶轮内部始终存在一个条形固相分布区域,且其旋转速度滞后于叶轮旋转速度。在1.0 Q_(d)流量下,随着固相体积分数的增加,各监测点压力系数幅值波动逐步变大;后缩腔监测点叶频处的幅值基本不变,叶轮流道内监测点轴频处的幅值逐步变大;在C_(v)=20%体积分数下,随着流量的增加,各监测点压力系数幅值波动先增后减,后缩腔监测点叶频处幅值逐步增大,流道内监测点轴频处的幅值先增后减。相同固相体积分数下,随着流量的增加,径向力逐步增大;不同固相体积分数下,随着体积分数的增加,0.8 Q_(d)流量下径向力波动不大,1.0 Q_(d)流量下波动逐步变大,1.2 Q_(d)流量下波动逐步变小。

螺杆泵转速对油水旋流分离管流场特性的影响

旋流分离器在井下采油螺杆泵作用下会发生复杂的振动现象,对旋流分离器内部流场造成一定影响。为研究螺杆泵不同转速下旋流分离器内部流场的变化规律,以同井注采工艺中螺杆泵作用下的旋流分离管柱为研究对象,针对振动壁面旋流分离管柱结构及工作特点,基于计算流体动力学方法、计算固体力学方法以及流固耦合理论,建立流固耦合力学模型;利用流固耦合分析方法,对双螺杆泵转动条件下井下旋流分离管柱内速度场、油相分布、涡量及湍动能等流场特性进行分析。分析结果表明:随着螺杆泵转速升高,分离器内切向速度和轴向速度强度逐渐减弱,径向速度的不对称性逐渐加剧,转速的周期性变化还会造成径向速度场分布的偏移;螺杆泵不同转速下旋流分离器内部涡量分布不同,随着转速升高,溢流管以及锥段部分附近相关流场的涡旋明显增强;旋流器溢流口附近油相体积分数会随着螺杆泵转速的升高而减小;不同螺杆泵转动状态下,大颗粒油滴的分布不同。所得结果可为螺杆泵井下旋流分离同井注采系统的设计及螺杆泵的转速设定提供参考。

流热固耦合下间隙对三螺杆泵转子强度的影响研究

针对三螺杆泵工作中产生的流体载荷引起螺杆卡滞问题,分析三螺杆泵齿顶间隙、啮合间隙对螺杆形变的影响。以N-S方程为基础,基于k-ε湍流模型,通过流固耦合传热方法求解三螺杆泵螺杆在流场作用下的位移、应力。研究结果表明:随着齿顶间隙和齿间间隙的增大,螺杆泵内的最大压力和最大温度都逐渐降低;螺杆转子的变形主要集中在进口位置,最大变形为0.107 mm,应力主要集中在主从转子的啮合位置,最大应力为146.82 MPa,主动转子的变形和应力小于从动转子的变形和应力;转子的变形和应力随齿顶间隙、啮合间隙的增大而减小。因此,在满足螺杆泵压缩机比、温升的情况下,应尽可能增大间隙以提高螺杆转子强度。

热流固耦合下不同载荷对光热熔盐泵转子运行稳定性的影响

光热电站熔盐泵转子系统由于其自身结构及外部载荷激励,在极端运行工况下难以维持运行稳定性。针对该问题建立有限元模型,分析了温度载荷、流场力载荷、离心力载荷等对熔盐泵转子的应力变形规律;设置4种不同轴段长度的转子模型,分析不同转子模态振型、固有频率以及临界转速等动力学特性。研究发现:转子结构中最大等效应力出现在首级叶轮叶片进口与前盖板交界处,最大变形出现在首级叶轮前盖板尾缘处,流场载荷与质量力载荷使应力与变形在叶轮上大致呈现中心对称分布,温度载荷使得叶轮产生较大的形变;对首级叶轮进行强度校核后,所选材料满足结构强度要求。模型转子的固有频率随中间轴段长度的增加而降低,湿态转子模型的固有频率略低于干态固有频率;其他转子的一阶临界转速均小于转子的设计转速,只有A9转子的临界转速满足±10%安全裕度,不易在运行过程中发生共振。研究结果对于该类型泵安全稳定运行以及在能源应用等领域具有重要的指导意义。

航空发动机用滑油泵组碟簧压紧有限元分析

为保证滑油泵组关键部件配流盘与偏心泵体的稳定压紧及泵盖的安全性,依据GB/T 1972—2005标准,选用2只单片碟簧以精准对合方式安装于滑油泵组上.在考虑潜在温度场热变形的影响下,采用热固耦合方法,基于Workbench平台对滑油泵组在不同碟簧初始压缩量(0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9 mm)下进行有限元分析.研究结果表明:当初始压缩量小于0.7 mm时,滑油泵的主要部件受到的压紧力较小,主要受油液周向推力的影响;随着初始压缩量从0.7 mm增至0.9 mm,预压缩端的变形量呈现相应的增长趋势,同时滑油泵体挡板所承受的轴向力也随着初始压缩量的递增而呈现线性增长的规律;在此过程中,配流盘与偏心泵体所受到的轴向推力随着初始压缩量的增大而逐渐增大,确保其能够有效地被压紧且泵盖保持完好无损.研究结果不仅为滑油泵组的初始安装提供了理论依据,而且有助于指导实际工程应用中的安装操作,从而确保滑油泵组的正常运行与使用寿命.

压缩空气点火的无电烟火泵浦激光技术

为了解决传统固体烟火泵浦激光器点火效率低和电能依赖的问题,根据绝热压缩原理,设计使用了完全无电的压缩空气点燃烟火药泵浦Nd:YAG激光介质,提高了点火同步性和烟火药燃烧效率,实现了激光输出阈值药剂量10 mg,使用30 mg KClO4/Zr药剂,获得了30.2 mJ的激光能量,脉冲宽度10 ms,为小型无电高能激光器提供了一条新的实现路径。

富水区地下泵房渗流场及其对衬砌结构影响的数值分析

地下水在地层中运动会影响地下泵房结构的安全,在渗透水压力作用下洞室围岩易引发渗透问题致使洞室及厂房内部渗水,高地下水位产生的外水压力会影响地下洞室厂房衬砌结构安全。结合某富水区泵站工程,采用数值分析方法,构建了三维有限元模型,基于流固耦合理论,对工程区的渗流场进行分析,并研究了不同灌浆圈厚度、不同衬砌透水性下工程区外水压力变化规律。结果表明,增加灌浆圈厚度或增强衬砌的透水性均可降低衬砌外缘上的外水压力,研究成果可以为类似工程提供参考。

基于CFD-DPM的离心泵内颗粒性质对泵性能与磨损的影响

为揭示离心泵在输送固液两相流时颗粒密度和粒径对泵性能和磨损的影响,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型(液相)和DPM离散相模型,对模型泵内固液两相流动进行定常数值模拟,研究固液两相流场中颗粒的运动轨迹以及磨损规律。结果表明:随着颗粒密度和粒径的增大,模型泵的扬程和效率均下降;密度、粒径越大的颗粒,其运动轨迹越易偏向叶片工作面;随着颗粒密度的增加,叶片工作面以及蜗壳内的磨损程度加剧,但是叶片背面的磨损减轻,颗粒相应地在叶片工作面和蜗壳外壁边缘聚集;随着颗粒粒径的增大,蜗壳整体磨损程度加重,其中蜗壳的隔舌区域、Ⅱ区域和Ⅵ区域磨损程度最严重;叶片整体磨损程度逐渐降低,且叶片工作面磨损程度大于叶片背面。

基于SolidWorks的齿轮泵CAD/CAPP集成

结合作者的开发实践,介绍了基于集成的产品特征建模技术的齿轮泵CAD/CAPP集成的结构和功能以及利用VC^++在SolidWorks环境中编程实现系统的方法。

泥浆射流泵冲蚀磨损特性

为了研究泥浆射流泵的冲蚀磨损特性,基于欧拉-拉格朗日方法对泥浆射流泵内部的固液两相流动开展了数值模拟,重点对泥浆射流泵内部液固两相流的冲蚀磨损规律进行了研究。结果表明:泥浆射流泵喉管进口和喉管中后段是产生冲蚀磨损的主要部位,吸入室和扩散管未产生明显冲蚀磨损。颗粒质量流量从1 kg/s增大到1.8 kg/s时,泥浆射流泵最大冲蚀速率增大了93.7%;泥浆流速从2 m/s增大到5 m/s时,最大冲蚀速率增大了11.48倍;颗粒直径从200μm增大到450μm时,最大冲蚀速率先减小后增大。相较于颗粒质量流量和颗粒直径,泥浆流速对射流泵内表面的冲蚀磨损影响更大,但产生冲蚀磨损的主要部位不会随泥浆流速、颗粒质量流量和颗粒直径发生明显改变。研究成果可为射流泵的设计提供参考。

基于Solid Edge的齿轮泵虚拟装配系统

利用SolidEdge提供的Part模块进行三维实体设计 ,用Draft模块生成零件图 ,采用VB的ActiveXAutomation技术调用工程库文件对零件实现尺寸驱动。利用VB作为平台将整个工作过程进行整合 。

基于放大机构的压电叠堆泵设计分析及试验

为了克服压电叠堆输出位移较小、对泵振子泵送能力弱的缺点,综合杠杆铰链与三角形铰链结构性能优点,提出基于放大机构的压电叠堆泵,分别开展理论放大倍数分析、ANSYS仿真分析、流固耦合分析及泵送性能试验测定研究.结果表明,压电叠堆泵仿真放大倍数约为20.3时,与理论计算值相对误差为11.7%;ANSYS仿真分析表明,泵振子的二阶频率对应的弯振为最佳振型,该振型对应的工作频率为1356.30 Hz,在该工作频率下对压电叠堆泵进行流固耦合分析,得出泵送流量为41.78 mL/min.在上述研究分析的基础上试制压电叠堆泵样机并进行泵送性能试验,发现在驱动电压50 V下,测得泵送流量为32.50 mL/min,仿真流量与试验流量相对误差为28.5%,进而分析了误差产生的原因,最大泵送压差值为13.7 mm.试验结果具有良好的稳定性,验证了仿真数据结果的可靠性,可为压电泵新型放大机构和压电叠堆驱动方式的进一步研究提供可靠参考.

恒压压缩空气储能技术研究

加速能源结构转型,促进可再生能源发电并网,是应对气候变化和可再生能源发展的重要举措。储能技术可以解决可再生能源发电并网的不稳定性,提高可再生能源的利用率。其中,压缩空气储能因其效率高,投资成本低,对环境友好被广泛研究。与传统恒容压缩空气储能技术相比,恒压压缩空气储能避免了恒容压缩空气储能系统中不可避免的缓冲空气,使压缩机和膨胀机能够在恒定排放压力下高效运行,消除了膨胀机组前的节流损失。介绍恒压压缩空气储能技术的优势,并将其分为水下压缩空气储能、抽水补偿式压缩空气储能、固体补偿式压缩空气储能和气体相变补偿式压缩空气储能4种;论述了4种恒压压缩空气储能技术的基本原理、研究进展及面临的挑战;最后,对恒压压缩空气储能技术的发展进行展望。

多泥沙河流立式轴流泵叶片磨损特性

为探究多泥沙河流引水立式轴流泵的磨蚀问题,基于particle固液两相流模型与Tabakoff磨损模型,研究6个流量工况下5种泥沙粒径和5种含沙率组合的轴流泵装置内泥沙颗粒运动规律及其对轴流泵叶片磨损的影响.结果表明:流量变化对泥沙颗粒运动轨迹影响显著,小流量下泥沙颗粒向叶片工作面运动的趋势更为明显,叶片更容易被磨损,磨损位置主要在叶片进水边及叶片外缘;粒径变化对泥沙颗粒运动轨迹影响也较为显著,大粒径泥沙颗粒更容易撞向叶片工作面而加重磨损,含沙率为0.05,粒径从0.01 mm增大到1 mm时,叶片最大磨损率从0.001 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1)增加到0.0244 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1);含沙率变化对泥沙颗粒运动轨迹影响较小,但泥沙浓度增加会加重磨损,粒径为0.5 mm,含沙率从0.01增加到0.2时,叶片最大磨损率从0.0018 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1)增加到0.061 kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1);叶片磨损强度和叶片磨损面积均与泥沙粒径和含沙率呈正相关,粒径和含沙率越大,叶片受到的磨损强度及磨损面积越大.