In dielectrics and semiconductors, a plasma model of the generation and slip of dislocations is considered, where under shock loads in a generalized space of rectangular pulses an alternating field forms a distributio...In dielectrics and semiconductors, a plasma model of the generation and slip of dislocations is considered, where under shock loads in a generalized space of rectangular pulses an alternating field forms a distribution of pairs of photoelectrons and cations;these electrons with velocities <em>V<sub>e</sub></em> create <em>δ</em>-collisions with cold plasma from free electrons and holes with masses <em>m<sub>e</sub></em> and <em>m<sub>h</sub></em> (<em>m<sub>h</sub></em> <span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">≫</span></span> </span></span><em>m<sub>e</sub></em>), they emit and absorb longitudinal electron plasma waves whose phase velocities <em>w<sub>pw</sub></em> / <em>k<sub>pw</sub></em> are close to or are equal to the velocities <em>V<sub>e</sub></em>, while the frequencies <em>w<sub>pw</sub></em> and wave numbers <em>k<sub>pw</sub></em> of the wave packet of plasma waves are complex, the short-wave components <img src="Edit_3da65014-7fd8-4799-bcf1-02d90028f4e0.bmp" alt="" /> of this wave packet at <em>k<sub>pw</sub></em> <span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span></span> </span><em>a<sub>e </sub></em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">≫ </span>1 (<em>a<sub>e</sub></em> -Debye screening radius) decay in the core linear defect, and its long-wavelength components <img src="Edit_4481889b-5097-4d26-9019-b0322f5ff8d0.bmp" alt="" /> propagate in the region of the medium surrounding the core of the defect at <em>k<sub>pw</sub></em> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span></span> <em>a<sub>e</sub></em> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">≅</span></span></span> 1. When a defect is generated, the distribution of cations under the influence of the internal Coulomb field shifts to the region of the first peak (protrusion) of the electron plasma wave, thereby forming a vacancy valley. When sliding under the influence of an external electric field, a cationic plasma wave consisting of a vacancy valley and two cationic protrusions moves against the background of an additional potential relief created by an electron plasma wave near the core of the defect. It has been shown that <em>δ</em>-collisions create flows of dynamic large-scale correlations of plasma fluctuations in the form of asymptotics of different-time correlators of density and potential fluctuations as <em>t</em> → +∞.展开更多
Solid-state fuel ignition was given by Chu and Bobin according to the hydrodynamic theory at x = 0 qualitatively. A high threshold energy flux density, i.e., E＊ = 4.3 × 10^12 J/m2, has been reached. Recently, fa...Solid-state fuel ignition was given by Chu and Bobin according to the hydrodynamic theory at x = 0 qualitatively. A high threshold energy flux density, i.e., E＊ = 4.3 × 10^12 J/m2, has been reached. Recently, fast ignition by employing clean petawatt-picosecond laser pulses was performed. The anomalous phenomena were observed to be based on suppression of prepulses. The accelerated plasma block was used to ignite deuterium tritium fuel at solid-state density. The detailed analysis of the thermonuclear wave propagation was investigated. Also the fusion conditions at x ≠ 0 layers were clarified by exactly solving hydrodynamic equations for plasma block ignition. In this paper, the applied physical mechanisms are determined for nonlinear force laser driven plasma blocks, thermonuclear reaction, heat transfer, electro,ion equilibration, stopping power of alpha particles, bremsstrahlung, expansion, density dependence, and fluid dynamics. New ignition conditions may be obtained by using temperature equations, including the density profile that is obtained by the continuity equation and expansion velocity. The density is only a function of x and independent of time. The ignition energy flux density, Et＊, for the x ≠ 0 layers is 1.95 × 1012 J/m2. Thus threshold ignition energy in comparison with that at x =0 layers would be reduced to less than 50 percent.展开更多
A novel glow discharge plasma solid-state reduction route was developed to synthesize molybdophosphoric heteropoly blues(MB). The glow discharge plasma played a role of activating hydrogen mole-cules and generated a l...A novel glow discharge plasma solid-state reduction route was developed to synthesize molybdophosphoric heteropoly blues(MB). The glow discharge plasma played a role of activating hydrogen mole-cules and generated a lot of active species which rapidly induced molybdophosphoric heteropoly acid(PMo12) to form four-electron MB within several minutes. Analyses of the heteropoly blues via UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD and Py-IR confirmed that the materials retained not only the similar Keggin structures of their oxidized parents, but also exhibited more surface acidity due to protonation.展开更多
We investigate plasma modes in a transistor including a negative differential conductance in the gate. The analytical results show that the plasma wave generation is substantially influenced by the lateral direction ...We investigate plasma modes in a transistor including a negative differential conductance in the gate. The analytical results show that the plasma wave generation is substantially influenced by the lateral direction （width of the transistor）, gate leakage current and ＇viscosity. The injection from the gate （opposed to the gate leakage current） can improve the plasma oscillations and their amplitude with respect to ordinary transistors. We also estimate, which to our best knowledge has been derived for the first time, the total power emitted by the transistor and the emitted pattern which qualitatively gives reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the radiated power depends on various parameters such as drift velocity, momentum relaxation time, gate leakage current and especially the lateral direction. A negative gate current enhances the power while the gate leakage current decreases the power.展开更多
文摘In dielectrics and semiconductors, a plasma model of the generation and slip of dislocations is considered, where under shock loads in a generalized space of rectangular pulses an alternating field forms a distribution of pairs of photoelectrons and cations;these electrons with velocities <em>V<sub>e</sub></em> create <em>δ</em>-collisions with cold plasma from free electrons and holes with masses <em>m<sub>e</sub></em> and <em>m<sub>h</sub></em> (<em>m<sub>h</sub></em> <span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">≫</span></span> </span></span><em>m<sub>e</sub></em>), they emit and absorb longitudinal electron plasma waves whose phase velocities <em>w<sub>pw</sub></em> / <em>k<sub>pw</sub></em> are close to or are equal to the velocities <em>V<sub>e</sub></em>, while the frequencies <em>w<sub>pw</sub></em> and wave numbers <em>k<sub>pw</sub></em> of the wave packet of plasma waves are complex, the short-wave components <img src="Edit_3da65014-7fd8-4799-bcf1-02d90028f4e0.bmp" alt="" /> of this wave packet at <em>k<sub>pw</sub></em> <span style="white-space:normal;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span></span> </span><em>a<sub>e </sub></em><span style="white-space:nowrap;">≫ </span>1 (<em>a<sub>e</sub></em> -Debye screening radius) decay in the core linear defect, and its long-wavelength components <img src="Edit_4481889b-5097-4d26-9019-b0322f5ff8d0.bmp" alt="" /> propagate in the region of the medium surrounding the core of the defect at <em>k<sub>pw</sub></em> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">⋅</span></span></span> <em>a<sub>e</sub></em> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">≅</span></span></span> 1. When a defect is generated, the distribution of cations under the influence of the internal Coulomb field shifts to the region of the first peak (protrusion) of the electron plasma wave, thereby forming a vacancy valley. When sliding under the influence of an external electric field, a cationic plasma wave consisting of a vacancy valley and two cationic protrusions moves against the background of an additional potential relief created by an electron plasma wave near the core of the defect. It has been shown that <em>δ</em>-collisions create flows of dynamic large-scale correlations of plasma fluctuations in the form of asymptotics of different-time correlators of density and potential fluctuations as <em>t</em> → +∞.
基金Project supported by the Fund from Islamic Azad University of Gachsaran Branch of Iran
文摘Solid-state fuel ignition was given by Chu and Bobin according to the hydrodynamic theory at x = 0 qualitatively. A high threshold energy flux density, i.e., E＊ = 4.3 × 10^12 J/m2, has been reached. Recently, fast ignition by employing clean petawatt-picosecond laser pulses was performed. The anomalous phenomena were observed to be based on suppression of prepulses. The accelerated plasma block was used to ignite deuterium tritium fuel at solid-state density. The detailed analysis of the thermonuclear wave propagation was investigated. Also the fusion conditions at x ≠ 0 layers were clarified by exactly solving hydrodynamic equations for plasma block ignition. In this paper, the applied physical mechanisms are determined for nonlinear force laser driven plasma blocks, thermonuclear reaction, heat transfer, electro,ion equilibration, stopping power of alpha particles, bremsstrahlung, expansion, density dependence, and fluid dynamics. New ignition conditions may be obtained by using temperature equations, including the density profile that is obtained by the continuity equation and expansion velocity. The density is only a function of x and independent of time. The ignition energy flux density, Et＊, for the x ≠ 0 layers is 1.95 × 1012 J/m2. Thus threshold ignition energy in comparison with that at x =0 layers would be reduced to less than 50 percent.
文摘A novel glow discharge plasma solid-state reduction route was developed to synthesize molybdophosphoric heteropoly blues(MB). The glow discharge plasma played a role of activating hydrogen mole-cules and generated a lot of active species which rapidly induced molybdophosphoric heteropoly acid(PMo12) to form four-electron MB within several minutes. Analyses of the heteropoly blues via UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD and Py-IR confirmed that the materials retained not only the similar Keggin structures of their oxidized parents, but also exhibited more surface acidity due to protonation.
文摘We investigate plasma modes in a transistor including a negative differential conductance in the gate. The analytical results show that the plasma wave generation is substantially influenced by the lateral direction （width of the transistor）, gate leakage current and ＇viscosity. The injection from the gate （opposed to the gate leakage current） can improve the plasma oscillations and their amplitude with respect to ordinary transistors. We also estimate, which to our best knowledge has been derived for the first time, the total power emitted by the transistor and the emitted pattern which qualitatively gives reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The results show that the radiated power depends on various parameters such as drift velocity, momentum relaxation time, gate leakage current and especially the lateral direction. A negative gate current enhances the power while the gate leakage current decreases the power.
