Synthesis of Mesoporous Chromium Aluminophosphate (CrAlPO) via Solid State Reaction at Low Temperature

Mesoporous chromium aluminophosphate （CrAIPO） was successfully synthesized via solid state reaction （SSR） route at low temperature in the presence of a cationic surfactant cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） and inorganic sources such as A1C13 · 6H20, CrCI3 · 6H20 and NaH2PO4 · 2H20. Characterizations by means of powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）, N2 adsorption- desorption, high resolution transmission electron microscopy （HR-TEM）, scanning electron micrography （SEM）, energy dispersion spectroscopy （EDS）, thermo-gravimetry （TG）, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FT-IR）, and ultraviolet visible light spectroscopy （UV-Vis） were carried out to understand both the pore characteristics and electron transition route of these obtained materials. The experimental results show that the meso-CrA1PO materials with various Cr/A1 molar ratios possess a mesostructure and a specific surface area of 193 to 310 m2/g corresponding to an average pore size of 5.5 to 2.2 rim, respectively. The maxium content of Cr in meso-CrA1PO materials synthesized via SSR route can achieve 16.7wt%, being significantly higher than that of the meso-CrA1PO prepared via a conventional sol-gel route. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of the meso-CrA1PO was also proposed.

Preparing Nano-ZnS by Solid State Reaction at Room Temperature

ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by using solid-state reaction method at room temperature in agate mortar for the first time. The average particle size was about 20nm. This reaction is affected by the structure of reactant, crystal water and defects.

Preparation of nano-sized cerium and titanium pyrophosphates via solid-state reaction at room temperature

Nano-sized cerium-titanium pyrophosphates Ce1-xTixP2O7 （with x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.0） were obtained by grinding a mixture of Ce（SO4）2·4H2O, Ti（SO4）2, and Na4P2O7·10H2O in the presence of surfactant PEG-400 at room temperature, washing the mixture with water to remove soluble inorganic salts, and drying at 100℃. The products and their calcined samples were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy （UV-vis）, thermogravimetry and differential thermal analyses （TG/DTA）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results show that nano-sized Ce1-xTixP2O7 behave as an excellent UV-shielding material. Thereinto, the CeP2O7 has the most excellent UV-shielding effect, and the amorphous state of Ce0.8Ti0.2P2O7 can keep at a higher temperature than CeP2O7. Therefore, the stabilization of the amorphous state of the cerium pyrophosphates was carded out by doping titanium. This stabilization is a significant improvement, which enables to apply these amorphous pyrophosphates not only to cosmetics and paints, but also plastics and films.

Preparation of transparent yttrium aluminum garnet ceramics by relatively low temperature solid-state reaction

A new preparation method for a highly sinterable Y 2O 3 powder was developed, using the mixture of the powder with Al 2O 3 powder, a transparent yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG) ceramic was prepared at relatively low temperature by a solid state reaction method. Yttrium nitrate was used as a mother salt, and aqueous ammonia was used as a precipitant reagent, the fine and dendritic precursor crystalline was prepared by adding 0.5% ammonium sulfate into the precipitation reaction system. The highly pure and low agglomerated Y 2O 3 powders were obtained by calcinating the precursor at 1 100 ℃, the primary particles are spherical and 60 nm in diameter. The mixture of Y 2O 3 and Al 2O 3 powders was calcinated, and the resulting mixture compact pressed in mold could be sintered to transparency under vacuum at 1 700 ℃. The sintered transparent YAG polycrystalline exhibits a homogeneous microstructure and its transmittance reaches 45% in the visible light region and 70% in the near infrared wavelength region.

Microstructural evolution of NiFe_2O_4-10NiO powder prepared by high temperature solid state reaction

The NiFe2O4-10NiO powder for inert anode of aluminium electrolysis was prepared by high temperature solid state reaction. The microstructural evolution from the raw materials NiO and Fe2O3 to the NiFe2O4-10NiO powder was studied by SEM. The results show that the domain structure making up of the agglomerate particles of Fe2O3 remains after high temperature solid state reaction, and the diffusion of Ni2+ into Fe2O3 structure is the control step of the reaction process. A microstructure with compact structure and fine grain inside the particle results from the sintering of NiFe2O4-10NiO powder.

Salt-assisted Low Temperature Solid State Synthesis of High Surface Area CoFe_2O_4 Nanoparticles

A novel salt-assisted low temperature solid state method using CoCl2.6H2O, FeCl3.6H2O and NaOH as precursor and using NaCI as a dispersant to synthesize high surface area CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, has been investigated. The effects of the molar ratio of added salt and calcination temperature on the characteristics of the products were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM） and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller （BET） surface area analysis. Results showed that the introduction of leachable inert inorganic salt as a hard agglomeration inhibitor in the mixture precursor led to the formation of high dispersive CoFe2O4 nanoparticles; and the increase in specific surface area from 28.28 to 73.97 m^2/g, and the saturation magnetization is 84.6 emu/g.

Solid-state synthesis of Sr-and Co-doped LaMnO_3 perovskites

The synthesis process for La 1- x Sr x Mn 1- y Co y O 3- δ ( x = 0.2, 0.3; y = 0.2, 0.8, designated as LSMC below) perovskite oxides prepared by solid state reaction was investigated using DSC/TG, XRD, EPMA and particle size analysis methods. It was found that LSMCs were all of single phase and the synthesis process might be divided into three stages: the decomposition of reactants, the formation of LaMn(Co)O 3 based oxides, and the formation of LSMC solid solution. Typical average and the peak value of particle size, and the specific surface area are 14.65?μm, 16.4?μm and 1.38?m 2/mL, respectively, for mixed reactants and are 23.81?μm, 32.11?μm and 0.5?m 2/mL, respectively, for powder synthesized at 1?200?℃ for 8?h in air.

Fabrication and characterization of SmO_(0.7)F_(0.2)FeAs bulk with a transition temperature of 56.5 K

The superconductivity of iron-based superconductor SmO 0.7 F 0.2 FeAs was investigated. The SmO 0.7 F 0.2 FeAs sample was prepared by the two-step solid-state reaction method. The onset resistivity transition temperature is as high as 56.5 K. X-ray diffraction （XRD） results show that the lattice parameters a and c are 0.39261 and 0.84751 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the global J c was more than 2.3 × 10 5 A/cm 2 at T = 10 K and H = 9 T, which was calculated by the formula of J c = 20ΔM/[a（1-a/（3b））]. The upper critical fields, H c2 ≈ 256 T （T = 0 K）, was determined according to the Werthamer-Helfand-Hohenberg formula, indicating that the SmO 0.7 F 0.2 FeAs was a superconductor with a very promising application.

NaYSiO_(4)∶Ce^(3+)蓝色荧光粉的发光性质及其在白光发光二极管上的应用

采用高温固相法合成了NaYSiO_(4)∶xCe^(3+)(0.01≤x≤0.05)系列蓝色荧光粉。NaYSiO_(4)∶xCe^(3+)荧光粉在250~360 nm之间的宽带吸收能与紫外LED芯片很好地匹配。NaYSiO_(4)∶xCe^(3+)荧光粉中存在多个Ce^(3+)离子荧光中心,且在紫外光激发下表现出峰值波长位于414 nm附近的宽带蓝光发射。NaYSiO_(4)∶0.02Ce^(3+)荧光粉在300~350 nm紫外光激发下量子效率在25%以上。NaYSiO_(4)∶0.02Ce^(3+)荧光粉表现出优良的化学稳定性,在水中浸泡14 d后荧光强度和量子效率几乎不变。将NaYSiO_(4)∶0.02Ce^(3+)蓝色荧光粉、商用(Sr,Ba)_2SiO_(4)∶Eu^(2+)绿色荧光粉和商用(Ca,Sr)AlSiN_(3)∶Eu^(2+)红色荧光粉涂覆于310 nm紫外LED芯片上制备得到了显色指数高达95的LED器件。当驱动电流从50 mA逐渐增大到300 mA时,制备的LED器件表现出稳定的暖白光发射,其色坐标几乎不变。上述结果说明,本研究报道的NaYSiO_(4)∶0.02Ce^(3+)蓝色荧光粉在紫外LED芯片驱动的白光发光二极管照明上有着潜在应用价值。

纳米SiO_(2)包覆Na_(2)Ca_(2.93)Si_(6)O_(16):7% Eu^(3+)荧光粉的制备及性能研究

采用传统高温固相法在1050℃烧结下制备了Na_(2)Ca_(3-x)Si_(6)O_(16)∶xEu^(3+)红色荧光粉,其中Na_(2)Ca_(2.93)Si_(6)O_(16)∶7%Eu^(3+)荧光粉的发光性能最好。采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出纳米SiO_(2)并包覆在Na_(2)Ca_(2.93)Si_(6)O_(16)∶7%Eu^(3+)荧光粉表面,包覆量为2%~10%(wt,质量分数,下同)。通过X射线衍射仪、激发-发射光谱分别对荧光粉物相结构和发光性能进行表征,采用CIE色度坐标分析软件对样品的色度图进行绘制。结果表明纳米SiO_(2)包覆量不同的荧光粉其基质结构未发生改变,纳米SiO_(2)包覆膜是无定型的,样品的发射峰位置没有变化,但发射强度不同;当纳米SiO_(2)包覆量为8%时,荧光粉发射强度最高,比Na_(2)Ca_(2.93)Si_(6)O_(16)∶7%Eu^(3+)荧光粉的发光强度明显提高,且此时色纯度更高,更接近正红色,CIE色度坐标为(0.5282,0.3210)。

红色荧光粉CaWO_(4)∶Eu^(3+),Bi^(3+)的制备和光学性能的研究

本文采用高温固相法合成了一系列红色荧光粉CaWO_(4)∶Eu^(3+),Bi^(3+)。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和荧光分光光度计等手段,对样品的晶体结构、微观形貌、光学性能、能量传递方式、荧光寿命和热稳定性进行了表征。结果表明,当Eu^(3+)和Bi^(3+)的掺杂浓度分别为7%和2%时(摩尔分数),荧光粉红色发光(615 nm)最强,理论计算得到荧光粉的平均颗粒尺寸为50.27 nm,这与电子显微镜观察结果相符合。能量传递方式以电偶极-电四极相互作用为主,对CaWO_(4)∶7%Eu^(3+),yBi^(3+)(y=0~6%)系列荧光粉进行了荧光寿命测量,发现它们荧光寿命基本相同,都在0.56 ms左右。对CaWO_(4)∶7%Eu^(3+),2%Bi^(3+)荧光粉在不同温度下的光谱进行比较,并且计算相应的色度坐标,当温度升高时,色度坐标整体左移,发光强度有所变弱,但整体来说热稳定性较好。较好的热稳定性和明亮红光发射表明该荧光粉可以作为潜在商用红光荧光粉。

Ba/Fe双掺LaCoO_(3)热敏陶瓷材料低温离子传输机制研究

为了开发电学性能优异的深低温材料,采用传统高温固态法制备了Ba/Fe双掺杂的LaCoO_(3)负温度系数热敏陶瓷材料,结合XRD、SEM、XPS等测试手段,研究了材料的物相结构、微观形貌、离子价态分布等,并在22—80 K和80—290 K范围内进行了低温电学性能测试。结果表明:双掺杂改性降低了LaCoO_(3)材料的应用温区,ρ(22 K)在1.85×10^(5)—6.94×10^(6)Ω·cm范围内变化,材料常数B(22—100 K)在146.09—162.75 K范围内变化;在深低温环境下,材料的导电机理由80 K以上时的小极化子跳跃导电转变为80 K以下时的双交换导电,导致了材料常数B发生突变。由此证明,该双掺杂热敏陶瓷材料在极低温测试中具有可开发的应用潜力。

修饰四氧化三锰对尖晶石锰酸锂电化学性能的影响

以硫酸锰为原料,以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为修饰剂,通过络合沉淀法制备四氧化三锰,再通过高温固相法合成锰酸锂正极材料,探讨了修饰剂用量对四氧化三锰形貌、粒度和锰酸锂正极材料放电比容量的影响。结果表明:未加修饰剂时,制备的四氧化三锰颗粒团聚现象严重;当修饰剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵质量浓度为3.0 g/L时,制备的修饰四氧化三锰颗粒大小均匀、分散无团聚。用自制的修饰四氧化三锰制备尖晶石锰酸锂,并与市场销售的3种四氧化三锰制备的尖晶石锰酸锂进行了性能对比,结果表明,修饰四氧化三锰制备的锰酸锂电化学性能更优,首次放电比容量达到120.43 mAh/g,1C下循环50次容量保持率为96.79%。

室温固相反应助力制备氮硫共掺杂碳限域的FeCoS_(2)复合物用于高性能钠离子电池负极

利用室温固相自组装反应制备Co和Fe双席夫碱配合物,随后在硫粉存在下中温热处理,使该配合物同时发生热解碳化和固相硫化反应,从而获得N、S共掺杂碳限域的FeCoS_(2)纳米复合物(记为FeCoS_(2)■NSC)。通过粉末X射线衍射、透射电镜、X射线光电子能谱和热重分析技术分别对纳米复合物的物相、形貌结构、组分和含量等进行物理表征,并通过循环伏安、恒电流充放电技术测试其电化学储钠性能。研究结果表明,最优化条件下制备的复合物(FeCoS_(2)■NSC-7001)中FeCoS_(2)粒子的平均尺寸约为3.4 nm,且被均匀限域在N、S共掺杂的碳基体中;该复合物作为钠离子电池负极时,在0.1 A·g^(-1)的电流密度下经过300次充放电循环,其可逆充电比容量仍高达310.4 mAh·g^(-1);即使在5 A·g^(-1)的大电流密度下,其充电比容量也高达146.0 mAh·g^(-1),呈现优异的电化学储钠性能。

铌复合钇共掺杂改善高镍单晶三元正极材料的高温电化学性能研究

为解决高镍单晶三元正极材料表面残碱高、高温循环性能差等问题,利用铌与钇等元素共同掺杂对正极材料进行改性,提高其电化学性能。以高镍单晶三元前驱体Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.3)(OH)_(2)为原料,采用高温固相反应合成不同双元素掺杂系列正极材料。结果表明,Nb与Y双掺杂样品具有优异的高温循环稳定性和倍率性能,45℃下循环50圈后,铌与钇双掺杂样品的容量保持率较单掺铌样品高2.58个百分点;2C倍率充放电条件下,铌与钇双掺杂样品放电容量比单掺铌的样品高6.2 mAh/g。

Low temperature solid-state synthesis and characterization of uniform YF_3 submicroparticles

In this paper, submicro-scaled YF3 particles with uniform rice-like morphologies were facilely synthesized by reacting yttrium nitrate with tetrabutylammonium fluoride via a solid-state reaction process at 50 °C for 12 h.The phase confirmation and morphology of the as-prepared YF3 particles were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）.SEM results reveal that the YF3 submicroparticles are about 700 nm in length and 260 nm in width. Eu^3＋ and Tb^3＋ doped YF3 submicroparticles were also prepared with similar process and their photoluminescence properties were studied. Results demonstrate that the doping of Eu^3＋ and Tb^3＋ has slight effect on the morphologies of the product. Owing to the small average crystallite size or the low crystallinity of the product, the photoluminescence intensity of the Eu^3＋ and Tb^3＋ doped YF3 submicroparticles is very weak. Some characteristic peaks even cannot be observed in the emission spectrum.

Gd_(3)(Al,Ga)_(5)O_(12):Ce晶体生长与闪烁性能研究

掺铈钆铝镓石榴石(Gd_(3)(Al,Ga)_(5)O_(12)∶Ce,简称GAGG∶Ce)闪烁晶体是近年来发现的一种新型稀土闪烁晶体,具有光输出高、能量分辨率高、衰减时间短、无自辐射和不潮解等优点,在核医学成像、安检和环境监测等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文报道了GAGG∶Ce晶体的提拉法生长与闪烁性能表征。利用高温固相反应法合成GAGG∶Ce原料,采用XRD对合成的原料进行了物相分析,结果表明,在1500℃下煅烧12 h合成的多晶料为纯GAGG相。利用提拉法生长出尺寸φ50 mm×90 mm的GAGG∶Ce晶体,测试了其透过光谱、X射线激发发射光谱和脉冲高度谱,结果表明,7 mm厚样品550 nm的透过率为81.5%,晶体X射线激发发射峰中心波长位于550 nm,晶体的光输出为59000 photons/MeV,能量分辨率为6.2%@662 keV,晶体衰减时间快分量为149 ns,慢分量为748 ns。

烧结温度和升温速率对钛酸钡陶瓷结构及介电性能的影响

采用固相法制备BaTiO_(3)陶瓷,研究了烧结温度和烧结升温速率对陶瓷试样晶体结构、微观形貌、介电性能的影响。实验表明,所制陶瓷均为四方相钙钛矿晶格结构。烧结温度低会造成较多点缺陷,随烧结温度的增大,晶体均匀度和致密性有效提高,晶粒尺寸增大有助于促进畴壁运动,介电性能有所提升。烧结升温速率过慢同样会造成点缺陷浓度增多,且有液相生成,气孔较多,气孔含量高会降低介电性能的稳定性、减小介电常数、增大介电损耗;提高升温速率同样有助于提高晶粒尺寸、均匀度和致密性,当晶粒尺寸到达单畴晶粒尺寸附近时,内应力为0,90°铁电畴贡献高介电常数;但过快的升温速率会出现“过烧现象”,致使介电性能下降。当以5℃/min的烧结升温速率升温至1 275℃时,介电常数最大,介电损耗最小,其值分别为ε=2 374,tanδ=0.023 18。

NaGd(MoO_(4))_(2)∶Tb^(3+)荧光粉的温度及浓度依赖发光与荧光动力学温度传感

采用高温固相法制备了不同Tb^(3+)掺杂浓度的NaGd(MoO_(4))_(2)∶Tb^(3+)荧光粉,XRD结果证实所制得样品为纯相。利用荧光光谱测量对该荧光粉的发光浓度猝灭进行了分析,证明荧光浓度猝灭是由Tb^(3+)离子间的交换相互作用所导致,并符合浓度猝灭的Ozawa模型。采用Auzel提出的自产生猝灭模型对Tb^(3+)的5D4能级荧光动力学进行了分析,结果表明该模型能够很好地解释荧光寿命对浓度的依赖关系。研究了Tb^(3+)的^(5)D_(4)能级的发光强度和荧光寿命对样品温度的依赖关系,提出了利用荧光寿命进行温度传感的方法,并对温度传感的绝对和相对灵敏度进行了分析。

面向超声压电换能器的MnO_(2)掺杂Pb(Sc,Nb)O_(3)-Pb(Hf,Ti)O_(3)陶瓷研究

该文采用固相反应法成功合成了高性能MnO_(2)掺杂的0.07Pb(Sc_(1/2)Nb_(1/2))O_(3)-0.93Pb(Hf_(0.47)Ti_(0.53))O_(3)(PSN-PHT)陶瓷,并从微观形貌、相结构和电学性能等方面综合分析了PSN-PHT陶瓷性能提高的原因。实验结果表明,MnO_(2)的引入改变了PSN-PHT陶瓷的相结构,使其铁电四方相含量降低,并导致准同型相界(MPB)的出现,同时增大了晶粒尺寸并使晶粒均匀化。当MnO_(2)掺杂量(摩尔分数)为0.8%时,样品达到最佳性能,其d_(33)、k_(p)、T_(C)、Q_(m)和tanδ分别为450 pC/N、0.65、348℃、1200和0.0032。该组分样品的温度稳定性远高于商用PZT-5和PZT-8陶瓷,故其在压电陶瓷换能器领域有着巨大的应用前景。