The latest development on amine functionalized solid adsorbents for post-combustion CO_(2)capture:Analysis review

Global warming and associated global climate change have led to serious efforts towards reducing CO_(2)emissions through the CO_(2)capture from the major emission sources.CO_(2)capture using the amine functionalized adsorbents is regard as a direct and effective way to reducing CO_(2)emissions due to their large CO_(2)adsorption amount,excellent CO_(2)adsorption selectivity and lower energy requirements for adsorbent regeneration.Moreover,large number of achievements on the amine functionalized solid adsorbent have been recorded for the enhanced CO_(2)capture in the past few years.In view of this,we review and analyze the recent advances in amine functionalized solid adsorbents prepared with different supporting materials including mesoporous silica,zeolite,porous carbon materials,metal organic frameworks(MOF)and other composite porous materials.In addition,amine functionalized solid adsorbents derived from waste resources are also reviewed because of the large number demand for cost-effective carbon dioxide adsorbents and the processing needs of waste resources.Considering the importance of the stability of the adsorbent in practical applications,advanced research in the capture cycle stability has also been summarized and analyzed.Finally,we summarize the review and offer the recommendations for the development of amine-based solid adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture.

Experimental Study of the Fry-Drying Phenomena of Organic Wastes in Hot Oil for Waste-Derived Solid Fuel

In sludge treatment, drying sludge using typical technology with high water content to a water content of approximately 10% is always difficult because of adhesive characteristics of sludge in drying. Many methods have been applied, including direct and indirect heat drying, but these approaches of reducing water content to below 40% after drying are very inefficient in energy utilization of drying sludge. In this study, fry-drying technology with a high heat transfer coefficient of approximately 500 W/m2·°C was used to dry swine excreta, sewage and industrial sludge. Also waste oil was used in the fry-drying process, and because the oil’s boiling point is between 240°C and 340°C and the specific heat is approximately 60% of that of water. In the fry-drying system, the sludge is input by molding it into a designated form after heating the waste oil at temperatures between 130°C and 150°C. At these temperatures, the heated oil rapidly evaporates the water contained in the sludge, leaving the oil itself. After approximately 8 - 10 min, the water content of the sludge was less than 10%, and its heating value surpassed 20,000 kJ/kg. Indeed, this makes the organic sludge appropriate for use as a solid fuel. The dried swine excreta, sewage and industrial sludge can be used in an incinerator like low-rank coal or solid fuel.

氨基功能化气相二氧化硅材料的制备及其吸附二氧化碳性能研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列不同聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)负载量的气相SiO_(2)作为CO_(2)吸附剂。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、热重分析仪(TGA)、红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和氮气物理吸附仪对吸附剂的组成结构、PEI实际负载量及热稳定性进行了表征。研究了PEI相对分子质量及负载量、环境温度对吸附剂吸附CO_(2)性能的影响,发现当PEI的相对分子质量为600、负载量为50%(质量分数)、温度为100℃时,50%-PEI(600)-SiO_(2)吸附剂对CO_(2)的吸附性能最优,吸附量可以达到130.6mg/g,且在5次循环后性能损失仅为4.8%,表现出了优异的循环性能。同时,该吸附剂成本低廉,在锂电池热失控烟气中CO_(2)吸附方面具有较好的应用前景。

固废基硫掺杂多孔炭材料制备及其对CO_(2)吸附性能研究进展

含碳固废来源广、产量大,其大量堆存严重制约了环境可持续发展,因此含碳固废资源化利用意义重大。利用含碳固废制备多孔炭材料是其清洁高效利用的重要方式之一。对多孔炭进行硫原子掺杂不仅可使材料表面的亲水性得到改善,还可以改变材料表面的化学异质性,生成有利于CO_(2)捕集的活性位点,强化材料对CO_(2)分子的吸附作用,从而提高其CO_(2)吸附容量。简述了固废基硫掺杂多孔炭材料的制备方法,总结了硫掺杂多孔炭材料用于CO_(2)吸附的最新研究进展,并对硫掺杂多孔炭材料未来发展趋势及其在CO_(2)吸附领域的工业化应用进行了展望。

碳捕集固体胺吸附剂载体性能优化策略及分析

碳捕集是“双碳”下推动化石能源低碳应用的有效途径,固体胺吸附剂是实现碳捕集、利用与封存的重要手段。其中,载体改性和胺种类优化是固体胺吸附剂的研究热点。该文综述和评论了国内外固体胺吸附剂优化的作用机制、技术难点和碳捕集效果等,重点阐述并比较了硅基、多孔碳和有机框架载体优化策略在改善CO_(2)选择性、吸附容量和稳定性等方面的作用,展望了固体胺吸附剂未来在高效稳定捕集CO_(2)、生物质吸附和碳利用与封存等方面的应用前景。

柱后衍生-离子色谱法测定固废中的六价铬方法优化

建立柱后衍生-离子色谱法测定固体废物中六价铬。参考GB5085.3-2007附录T固体废物六价铬提取方法,从流动相浓度、流动相pH值、衍生化试剂pH值、流动相与衍生化试剂流速比四个方面优化仪器条件。硝酸根浓度为0.1 mol/L,流动相的pH值为9.0,衍生化试剂中含1%浓硫酸,流动相流速为1.2 mL/min,衍生化试剂流速为0.7 mL/min为最佳。六价铬工作曲线线性相关系数(r)大于0.999 8,方法检出限为0.06 mg/kg,测定上限250 mg/kg,测定结果相对误差小于4.0%,实验室内相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.9%~9.1%,样品加标回收率为74%~92%。本方法检出限低,线性范围宽,准确度高,精密度好,适用于固体废物中六价铬的分析。

Low Temperature Dechlorination of Densified Refuse Derived Fuel in Pyrolysis

Study on behavior of chlorine contained in oval-shaped densified refuse derived fuel (d-RDF) prepared from municipal solid waste in pyrolysis was carried out by means of temperature-programmed electrical furnace, and the gas evolving from pyrolysis was investigated by FTIR. De-HCl rate was calculated by determining the emission fraction of HCl in the flue gas and the fraction of Cl left in the pyrolysis residue. The results show that Cl in the d-RDF releases primarily in the form of HCl during the pyrolysis, and the initial releasing temperature of HCl enhances with the increase of heating rate. Meanwhile, the higher the end temperature of pyrolysis, the more the Cl released. De-HCl rate is about 70% when the end temperature of pyrolysis is around 600℃. Besides, mechanism of Cl release is dis-cussed.

Preparation and Characterization of Refuse Derived Fuel for Pyrolysis and Gasification by Bindless High Pressure Briquetting Technology

A new type of refuse derived fuel (RDF) for pyrolysis and gasification was prepared from municipal solid waste (MSW) in the presence of a small quantity of coal by bindless high pressure technology at room temperature. The physicochemical property of RDF was tested. Orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize the process parameters using dropping strength (mechanical strength) and thermal stability of the RDF as indices for quality of RDF. The result shows that the mixture of MSW and coal with a total moisture ranging from 5% to 17% can be easily compressed into RDF briquettes at a pressure above 70 MPa. When the briquetting pressure is higher than 100 kN and moisture content is about 10%, the qualified RDF can be obtained. The orthogonal experiment shows that the moisture can greatly affect the mechanical strength of RDF, while all the technique parameters have no obvious influence on thermal stability of RDF. The optimal parameters are a shaping pressure of 106 MPa, a moisture content of 10%, and a coal content of 20%.

混合醇胺溶液耦合电石炉净化灰吸收-矿化CO_(2)性能

针对醇胺吸收法中富CO_(2)吸收液的解吸封存问题,详细探究了乙醇胺(MEA)与N,N-二甲基乙醇胺(DMEA)混合溶液耦合电石炉净化灰吸收-矿化CO_(2)的潜力,并同等添加比例(n(CO_(2)):n(Ca)=1.0:1.0)下CaO、Ca(OH)_(2)的CO_(2)矿化性能进行了对比。实验结果表明,配比为1.5 mol/LMEA+1.5 mol/LDMEA的混合醇胺溶液的CO_(2)吸收负荷和解吸率最大,分别为1.807mol/L和82.78%;经过4次吸收-解吸循环后其CO_(2)吸收性能有所下降,但4次循环后CO_(2)吸收负荷仍有0.950 mol/L,利用电石炉净化灰可有效解吸封存MEA/DMEA混合醇胺溶液吸收的CO_(2)。电石炉净化灰的解吸性能接近CaO但优于Ca(OH)_(2),所得矿化产物包括文石、球霰石和方解石型碳酸钙。这主要由于活性含钙物质可以向富CO_(2)溶液中释放Ca^(2+)和OH^(-),继而同溶液中CO_(3)^(2-)和HCO_(3)^(-)反应生成CaCO_(3)沉淀,并中和质子化胺MEAH+/DMEAH+,同时实现CO_(2)矿化和混合醇胺溶液的再生。

固废源CaO基CO_(2)捕集材料的制备与捕集性能研究进展

CO_(2)捕集技术是当前应对全球气候变化、缓解温室效应的重要途径。利用含钙固体废弃物制备高效CaO基CO_(2)捕集材料有利于实现固废资源高值化利用、以废治废和清洁生产,具有重要的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益。基于固废源高效廉价CaO基CO_(2)捕集材料的良好应用前景,本文介绍了工业废渣、生物质和其他含钙固体废弃物的产生与资源化利用现状,综述了CaO基吸附剂的捕集原理、碳酸化动力学过程和CO_(2)捕集性能,对比了以不同含钙固体废弃物为前驱体制备CaO基吸附剂的吸附-脱附循环性能和不同改性方法对其吸附稳定性的影响,从经济角度分析了固废源CaO基吸附剂在钢铁厂、燃煤电厂和生物制氢中的应用潜力,展望了固废源CaO基CO_(2)捕集材料的应用前景和发展方向。该文旨在为固废源CaO基吸附剂前驱体的选择、吸附性能的提高和固废吸附材料的工业应用提供帮助。

制革废弃皮胶原-多聚糖复合材料吸附剂的研究进展

随着资源利用与环境污染的矛盾日益加剧,清洁生产、循环利用、原子经济、绿色低碳等越来越受到全球的关注。通过不懈的努力可以使资源利用及有效转变最大化,但微量废弃与排放难以消除,尤其是废水中各种类型的染料及重金属离子始终困扰着环境的深度净化。本论文综述了目前制革废水污染及治理现状,介绍了制革废弃物的资源化利用现状及生物质吸附剂的发展前景,最后对当前制革废弃皮胶原多肽-多聚糖复合材料吸附剂的发展趋势进行了展望。

提钛尾渣脱氯的胺萃取耦合矿化反应工艺

工业含氯固废对环境危害很大,以水洗方法脱氯可能产生大量的废水和二次污染。采用有机胺萃取耦合CO_(2)矿化反应方法对氯化提钛尾渣进行了脱氯处理,通过有机胺萃取Cl^(-)避免了大量废水的产生。对比研究了水洗、矿化水洗等工艺的参数,结果表明,在更低的耗水量下,萃取矿化可以达到与3级水洗和3级逆流水洗相同的脱氯效果。在工业低温氯化矿渣的脱氯实验中,可以达到90%的脱氯效率,重复脱氯实验结果表明该工艺具有很好的重复性。有机胺再生实验结果表明有机胺再生率可以达到99%,通过有机胺萃取循环再生,矿化水洗技术可以实现无水排放的废渣脱氯工艺。

垃圾衍生燃料应用技术研究及工程应用现状

本文总结了垃圾衍生燃料(Refuse-derived Fuel,RDF)的应用技术研究现状及工程应用情况。当前RDF的应用主要包括燃烧技术和热解气化技术。RDF能够与煤混烧作为替代能源用于供热发电,已有相关中试设备投入运行,热解气化技术能够产出液体生物油等高价值能源物质,具备广阔的应用前景。

Recycling combustibles from aged municipal solid wastes(MSW)to improve fresh MSW incineration in Shanghai:Investigation of necessity and feasibility

Aged municipal solid wastes(MSW)excavated from landfills and dumpsites were characterized to analyze their fraction composition,moisture content,and lower heat value(LHV).The necessity and feasibility of recycling combustibles from aged MSW to improve the incineration of fresh MSW were investigated.The results showed that combustibles in aged MSW were easily separated from other components and than LHV of the separated combustibles are higher than 11000 kJ/kg.The fresh MSW are of high moisture contents with average LHV below 6500 kJ/kg,making their stable combustion difficult to maintain in MSW incinerators.For both fresh MSW and aged MSW,plastics are the main contributor to their LHV.To improve incineration of fresh MSW that are characterized with low LHV,combustibles separated from aged MSW were made into refuse derived fuel(RDF)pellets and were then added to fresh MSW by 2%wt.–5%wt.LHV variation and air supply resistance change of the MSW layer on the incinerator grate caused by the addition of RDF was checked,and no significant changes were found.No obvious difference was observed for the‘burn-out time’between RDF pellets and fresh MSW either.RDF made from aged MSW combustibles is found to be a promising auxiliary fuel to improve the incineration of fresh MSW,and aged MSW from old landfill cells and dumpsites can be finally disposed of jointly with fresh MSW by recycling combustible from the former to be coincinerated with the latter in the incineration plants.

Effects of introducing energy recovery processes to the municipal solid waste management system in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

Currently, most developing countries have not set up municipal solid waste management systems with a view of recovering energy from waste or reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In this article, we have studied the possible effects of introducing three energy recovery processes either as a single or combination approach, refuse derived fuel production,incineration and waste power generation, and methane gas recovery from landfill and power generation in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, as a case study. We concluded that incineration process is the most suitable as first introduction of energy recovery. To operate it efficiently,3Rs strategies need to be promoted. And then, RDF production which is made of waste papers and plastics in high level of sorting may be considered as the second step of energy recovery.However, safety control and marketability of RDF will be required at that moment.

从介孔分子筛原粉研制高效吸附二氧化碳的有机胺-介孔复合材料

固态有机胺二氧化碳吸附剂具有高选择性、低腐蚀性、易再生等特点,有着减少二氧化碳排放的潜在应用前景.但是,如何在大量引入氨基的同时,保持氨基在载体上具有高分散度是制备固态胺吸附剂的难题.本文综述了近年来固体胺二氧化碳吸附剂的研究进展,重点介绍开拓利用介孔分子筛原粉的分级结构,将有机胺涂布到介孔分子筛孔道中的丝状胶束以及胶束和硅壁之间的间隙中,可以显著地提高二氧化碳的吸附量.

生活垃圾制备RDF工艺参数及其热特性研究

采用生活垃圾生物干化产品作为原料,使用压型机及热重分析仪对垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)的成型工艺参数及热特性进行研究.结果表明,使用生活垃圾生物干化物料制备RDF时,最适含水率为30%,最适原料粒径为<1mm,最适成型压强为2MPa.在该制备参数下,制备的RDF跌落强度可达95%以上,成型效果良好,无体积膨胀现象.原料粒径1~2mm的RDF热值较高.原料粒径影响RDF热特性,原料粒径<1mm的RDF热特性明显不同于1~3mm的RDF.一级动力学方程对热重(TG)曲线拟合效果较好.利用生活垃圾经生物干化制备RDF具有较大潜力.

自制SPME涂层顶空萃取-气相色谱法分析废水中的芳香胺类化合物

建立了顶空固相微萃取与毛细管气相色谱法 (HS -SPME -GC)测定废水中芳香胺类化合物的新方法。采用溶胶 -凝胶法 ,自制新型单苯并冠醚探针 ,对萃取温度、萃取时间、解吸时间、离子强度和pH值等实验条件进行了优化选择。结果表明 ,该方法精密度良好 ,在标准溶液为0.1mg/L时 ,相对标准偏差 (RSD)为4.0 %～7.8 % ,线性范围为0.05～100μg/L ,检出限达到0.005～0.01μg/L ,加标回收率在97 %～105 %之间。运用该法对药厂废水中芳香胺类化合物进行了检测 ,结果令人满意。由此可见 ,对环境中的芳香胺化合物进行检测 ,固相微萃取是一种快速、经济、有效的方法。

混合型固相萃取/超高压液相色谱法测定废水中苯胺类化合物

通过对色谱分析、固相萃取和氮吹浓缩条件的优化研究,建立了混合型固相萃取/超高压液相色谱法测定废水中7种苯胺类化合物的方法。200 mL水样以5 mL/min通过MCX混合型固相萃取小柱,经4 mL2%甲酸水溶液锁定,4 mL 25%甲醇水溶液净化,8 mL 2%氨水甲醇溶液洗脱后,洗脱液经50℃氮吹浓缩至1 mL,微孔滤膜（0.22μm,尼龙）过滤后,采用BEH C18色谱柱（2.1 mm×50 mm,1.7μm）进行分离,以甲醇-乙酸铵溶液梯度洗脱,250 nm检测。7种苯胺类化合物可在6.5 min内实现基线分离,在0.1~5.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999,方法检出限（S/N=3）为0.10~0.50μg/L,定量下限（S/N=10）为0.33~1.67μg/L。在0.2μg和1.0μg加标水平下,回收率分别为52%~101%和54%~96%,RSDs分别为2.2%~11.3%和2.5%~9.0%。方法抗干扰能力强、分析速度快、灵敏度高,适用于废水中苯胺类化合物的测定。

新型复合垃圾衍生燃料的制备及性能分析

为了提高城市生活垃圾资源化利用的效率,采用室温冷压有粘结剂成型的方法将城市生活垃圾和煤按一定的配比制成新型复合垃圾衍生燃料,研究了成型压力、配比对衍生燃料的热稳定性、机械强度、粘结性以及发热量的影响。试验结果表明,在生活垃圾中加入煤可有效改善衍生燃料性能,增加其热值,在成型压力为25 MPa,煤配比为20%时复合衍生燃料的性能最优。