Industrial wastes such as steel slag and coal gangue etc.were chosen as raw materials for preparing ceramic via the conventional solid-state reaction method.With steel slag and coal gangue mixed in various mass ratios...Industrial wastes such as steel slag and coal gangue etc.were chosen as raw materials for preparing ceramic via the conventional solid-state reaction method.With steel slag and coal gangue mixed in various mass ratios,from 100%steel slag to 100%coal gangue at 10%intervals,microstructure and possible phase evolution of the coal gangue-steel slag ceramics were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,mercury intrusion porosimetry and Archimedes boiling method.The experimental results suggest that the phase compositions of the as-prepared ceramics could be altered with the increased amount of coal gangue in the ceramics.The anorthite-diopside eutectic can be formed in the ceramics with the mass ratios of steel slag to coal gangue arranged from 8:2 to 2:8,which was responsible for the melting of the steel slag-coal gangue ceramics at relatively high temperature.Further investigations on the microstructure suggested that the addition of the proper amount of steel slag in ceramic compositions was conducive to the pore formation and further contributed to an increment in porosity.展开更多
Nickel-rich layered oxide LiNi_(x)Co_(y)MnzO_(2)(NCM,x+y+z=1)is the most promising cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries.However,conventional synthesis methods are limited by the slow heating rate,slu...Nickel-rich layered oxide LiNi_(x)Co_(y)MnzO_(2)(NCM,x+y+z=1)is the most promising cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries.However,conventional synthesis methods are limited by the slow heating rate,sluggish reaction dynamics,high energy consumption,and long reaction time.To overcome these chal-lenges,we first employed a high-temperature shock(HTS)strategy for fast synthesis of the NCM,and the approaching ultimate reaction rate of solid phase transition is deeply investigated for the first time.In the HTS process,ultrafast average reaction rate of phase transition from Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)(OH)_(2) to Li-containing oxides is 66.7(%s^(-1)),that is,taking only 1.5 s.An ultrahigh heating rate leads to fast reaction kinetics,which induces the rapid phase transition of NCM cathodes.The HTS-synthesized nickel-rich layered oxides perform good cycling performances(94%for NCM523,94%for NCM622,and 80%for NCM811 after 200 cycles at 4.3 V).These findings might also assist to pave the way for preparing effectively Ni-rich layered oxides for lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Inconel 718 is the most popular nickel-based superalloy and is extensively used in aerospace,automotive,and energy indus-tries owing to its extraordinary thermomechanical properties.The effects of different two-step s...Inconel 718 is the most popular nickel-based superalloy and is extensively used in aerospace,automotive,and energy indus-tries owing to its extraordinary thermomechanical properties.The effects of different two-step solid solution treatments on microstructure andδphase precipitation of Inconel 718 alloy were studied,and the transformation mechanism fromγ″metastable phase toδphase was clarified.The precipitates were statistically analyzed by X-ray diffractometry.The results show that theδphase content firstly increased,and then decreased with the temperature of the second-step solid solution.The changes in microstructure andδphase were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.An intragranularδphase formed in Inconel 718 alloy at the second-[100]_(δ)[011]γ step solid solution temperature of 925℃,and its orientation relationship withγmatrix was determined as//and(010)_(δ)//(111)γ.Furthermore,the Vickers hardness of different heat treatment samples was measured,and the sample treated by second-step solid solution at 1010℃ reached the maximum hardness of HV 446.84.展开更多
Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) were produced using three structural analogues as dummy template molecules. The chosen analogues were 4-(a...Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) were produced using three structural analogues as dummy template molecules. The chosen analogues were 4-(acetymethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanol, 4- (methylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, and 1-(3-pyridyl)-1,4,-butanediol. The molecular recognition characteristics of the produced polymers were evaluated by X-ray photoelec- tron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Interactions between NNAL and methacrylic acid should be cooperative hydrogen bonds while the ni- trogen atom of the pyridine ring and the oxygen atom of the nitroso group in NNAL are two of the hydrogen-bond acceptors. It was further demonstrated that DMIP synthesized by 4-(acetymethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanol had the best binding performance by XPS and FT-IR. Then dummy molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (DMISPE) was developed for the determination of the analyte using the hit polymer as the sorbing material. Under optimal conditions, the recovery of NNAL dissolved in standard solution reached 93%. And the investigated polymer exhibited much higher binding of NNAL when nicotine was acted as the competitive molecule. Also the proposed method was applied to the measurement of NNAL spiked in blank urine samples with recoveries ranging from 87.2% to 101.2%.展开更多
Plasma-assisted ball milling was carried out on the Al+C3H6N6 system and Al+C_(4)H_(4)N_(4) system,respectively.The phase structure,functional groups and synthesis mechanism were analyzed by XRD and FT-IR,and the diff...Plasma-assisted ball milling was carried out on the Al+C3H6N6 system and Al+C_(4)H_(4)N_(4) system,respectively.The phase structure,functional groups and synthesis mechanism were analyzed by XRD and FT-IR,and the differences in the synthesis process of nano-AlN with different solid nitrogen sources were discussed.The results show that C3H6N6 has a stable triazine ring structure,and its chemical bond is firm and difficult to break,so AlN cannot be synthesized directly by solid-solid reaction at room temperature.However,there are a large number of nitrile groups(-CN)and amino groups(-NH_(2))in C_(4)H_(4)N_(4) molecules.Under the combined action of plasma bombardment and mechanical energy activation,C_(4)H_(4)N_(4) molecules undergo polycondensation and deamination,so that the ball milling tank is filled with a large number of active nitrogen-containing groups such as N=,≡N,etc.These groups and ball milling activated Al can synthesize nano-AlN at room temperature,with a conversion rate of 92%.SEM,DSC/TG analysis showed that the powder obtained by ball milling was formed by soft agglomeration of many fine primary particles about 50–80 nm.The surface morphology of the powder was loose and porous,and it had strong activity.After annealing at 800℃,the conversion rate of the Al+C_(4)H_(4)N_(4) system reached 99%.展开更多
The gas-phase synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol, carbon monoxide and oXygen has here Studied in a flow system at atomspheric Pressure. A series of Catalyst used in this reaCtion have been prepared an...The gas-phase synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol, carbon monoxide and oXygen has here Studied in a flow system at atomspheric Pressure. A series of Catalyst used in this reaCtion have been prepared and evaluated. The influence of trivared carbon supporters, alkaline metal Promoters and operation conditions on DMC opthesis reaction has been discussed. Under the conditions of 130℃, CO/O2=1 .96, SV=3340h-1, the space-time yield (STY) of DMC over PdCl2-CuCl2-CH3COOK/ac. catalyst is 217g/l-cat h,which is higher than what is published in the literatUre so far.展开更多
Microwave-assisted synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles, as a function of Green Chemistry, non Green Chemistry, and four applicator types are reported. The applicator types are Domestic microwave ovens, commerci...Microwave-assisted synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles, as a function of Green Chemistry, non Green Chemistry, and four applicator types are reported. The applicator types are Domestic microwave ovens, commercial temperature controlled microwave chemistry ovens (TCMC), digesters, and axial field helical antennae. For each of these microwave applicators the process energy budget where estimated (Watts multiplied by process time = kJ) and energy density (applied energy divided by suspension volume = kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup>) range between 180 ± 176.8 kJ, and 79.5 ± 79 kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The axial field helical field an-tenna applicator is found to be the most energy efficient (0.253 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per kJ, at 36 W). Followed by microwave ovens (4.47 ± 3.9 kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup> per 76.83 ± 39 kJ), and TCMC ovens (2.86 ± 2.3 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per 343 ± 321.5 kJ). The digester applicators have the least energy efficiency (36.2 ± 50.7 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per 1010 ± 620 kJ). A comparison with reconstructed ‘non-thermal’ microwave oven inactivation microorganism experiments yields a power-law signature of n = 0.846 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.7923) four orders of magnitude. The paper provides a discussion on the Au and Ag nanoparticle chemistry and bio-chemistry synthesis aspects of the microwave applicator energy datasets and variation within each dataset. The visual and analytical approach within the energy phase-space projection enables a nanoparticle synthesis route to be systematically characterized, and where changes to the synthesis are to be mapped and compared directly with historical datasets. In order to help identify lower cost nanoparticle synthesis, in addition to potentially reduce synthesis energy to routes informed changes to potentially reduce synthesis energy budget, along with nanoparticle morphology and yield.展开更多
In order to accelerate the development of relatively inexpensive antimalarials that are effective against chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, a methodology for the solid phase synthesis of chalcone...In order to accelerate the development of relatively inexpensive antimalarials that are effective against chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, a methodology for the solid phase synthesis of chalcone (1, 3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) analogues in reasonably high yields has been developed.展开更多
Carboxycoumsrins were synthesized via the solid phase synthesis conviently. The resin bound cyclic malonic ester reacted with o-methoxy or o-hydroxybenzaldehydes. Then cyclization was processed under H2SO4 to afford...Carboxycoumsrins were synthesized via the solid phase synthesis conviently. The resin bound cyclic malonic ester reacted with o-methoxy or o-hydroxybenzaldehydes. Then cyclization was processed under H2SO4 to afford the products in excellent purities and yields.展开更多
An efficient solid phase route for the synthesis of amide derivatives by the reaction of carboxylic acids with urea in the presence of catalytic amount of zirconyl chloride under microwave irradiation conditions was d...An efficient solid phase route for the synthesis of amide derivatives by the reaction of carboxylic acids with urea in the presence of catalytic amount of zirconyl chloride under microwave irradiation conditions was described. In this way, a range of interesting amide derivatives was obtained in good to excellent yields. The catalyst was recycled with fresh reactants and it gave almost similar results without significant loss of activity up to the third run.展开更多
A microwave-assisted solid phase synthesis for endothelin 1 is presented.Reduced endothelin 1 was synthesized efficiently on Wang resin under microwave irradiation using Fmoc/tBu orthogonal protection strategy.The who...A microwave-assisted solid phase synthesis for endothelin 1 is presented.Reduced endothelin 1 was synthesized efficiently on Wang resin under microwave irradiation using Fmoc/tBu orthogonal protection strategy.The whole peptide was cleaved from the resin and two disulphide bridges were formed under air oxidation at room temperature.The purity and efficiency of synthesizing the peptide is much higher than other methods used before.展开更多
The Cu_2MoS_4 nanoparticles were prepared using a relatively simple and convenient solid-phase process, which was applied for the first time. The crystalline structure, morphology, and optical properties of Cu_2MoS_4 ...The Cu_2MoS_4 nanoparticles were prepared using a relatively simple and convenient solid-phase process, which was applied for the first time. The crystalline structure, morphology, and optical properties of Cu_2MoS_4 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Cu_2MoS_4 nanoparticles having a band gap of 1.66 eV exhibits good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue, which indicates that this simple process may be critical to facilitate the cheap production of photocatalysts.展开更多
Human urotension-Ⅱ was synthesized efficiently on Wang resin under microwave irradiation using Fmoc/tBu orthogonal protection strategy. Disulphide bridge was formed on solid phase with the irradiation of microwave, t...Human urotension-Ⅱ was synthesized efficiently on Wang resin under microwave irradiation using Fmoc/tBu orthogonal protection strategy. Disulphide bridge was formed on solid phase with the irradiation of microwave, then the whole peptide was cleaved from the resin. The purity of crude peptide cyclized under microwave irradiation was higher than that under room temperature.展开更多
A general method was described to synthesize a highly hydrophobic cyclic peptide,cyclo[LWLWLWLWLQ]where underlines indicate D-configuration of the amino acid,by a two-step solid-phase/solution synthesis strategy.The l...A general method was described to synthesize a highly hydrophobic cyclic peptide,cyclo[LWLWLWLWLQ]where underlines indicate D-configuration of the amino acid,by a two-step solid-phase/solution synthesis strategy.The linear decapeptide was assembled by standard Boc chemistry on solid-phase and subsequently cyclized in solution with high efficiency and reproducibility. In subsequent purification by semi-preparative HPLC,50%(v/v) DMF/H_2O was employed as the solvent to overcome the difficulty of solubilization...展开更多
Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) oligomers were synthesized in most cases by peptide synthesis from N-protected monomers. In this work a new method of obtaining PNA monomer by Ugi four-component condensation reaction was t...Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) oligomers were synthesized in most cases by peptide synthesis from N-protected monomers. In this work a new method of obtaining PNA monomer by Ugi four-component condensation reaction was tested by solid-phase synthesis. The Fmoc protected PNA monomer was build up with thymin-1-yl acetic acid, 3-methylbutyl aldehyde, Fmoc protected aminoethyl isocyanide and Gly-Wang resin.展开更多
A use of Sulfonate ester as a linker in synthesis of (-aminoalkanols was reported. Diols were tethered onto polystyryl sulfonyl chloride resin, yielding sulfonate resins (2). After cleaved by diethyl amine, diisopropy...A use of Sulfonate ester as a linker in synthesis of (-aminoalkanols was reported. Diols were tethered onto polystyryl sulfonyl chloride resin, yielding sulfonate resins (2). After cleaved by diethyl amine, diisopropylamine and propylamine respectively, three (-aminoalkanols were obtained.展开更多
The dialysis method has been traditionally used for the conversion of native human plasminogen(Glu-Hpg) to lys-plasminogen(Lys-Hpg). Here is described a solid-phase synthesis method for the preparation of an acyl-plas...The dialysis method has been traditionally used for the conversion of native human plasminogen(Glu-Hpg) to lys-plasminogen(Lys-Hpg). Here is described a solid-phase synthesis method for the preparation of an acyl-plasminogen-streptokinase activator complex(APSAC) from Lys-Hpg, streptokinase(SK) and chemical modification (agent(4-amidinophenyl-4′-aminobenzoate hydrochloride)) with the L-lysine-Sepharose 4B Column as the carrier. The new method significantly increases the product yield and purity over the liquid-phase methods. The APSAC prepared with the new method exhibits a significant thrombolytic effect with a long half-life of about 8.8 h in rabbits.展开更多
A molecular imprinting polymer technique was successfully applied to precipitation polymerization by using styrene as a functional monomer, curcuminoids as templates, acetonitrile as a porogenic solvent,benzoyl peroxi...A molecular imprinting polymer technique was successfully applied to precipitation polymerization by using styrene as a functional monomer, curcuminoids as templates, acetonitrile as a porogenic solvent,benzoyl peroxide as the initiator, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker. The effects of interaction on the adsorption capacity of the molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP) and non-imprinted polymer(NIP) were investigated. A comparison of the adsorption capacity for MIP and NIP indicated that the NIP had the lowest adsorption capacity. The curcuminoid-imprinted polymer(Cur-MIP) was synthesized from 0.0237 mmol of styrene, 47.0 g of acetonitrile, 1.0238 mmol of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 0.0325 mmol of curcuminoids, and 0.2480 mmol of benzoyl peroxide. A high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection was developed and validated for various chromatographic conditions for the determination of the curcuminoids in turmeric samples. The sample solution was separated using the Cur-MIP via solid-phase extraction and analyzed on a Brownlee analytical C_(18) column(150 mm ×6 mm, 5 mm) using an isocratic elution consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1%trichloroacetic acid(40:60, v/v). The flow rate was maintained at 1.5 m L/min. The fluorescence detector was set to monitor at λex? 426 nm and λem? 539 nm. The quantification limit values were found to be16.66, 66.66, and 33.33 mg/L for curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, respectively. Thus, we concluded that the Cur-MIP and high-performance liquid chromatographic-fluorescence method could be applied to selective extraction and could be used as a rapid tool for the determination of curcuminoids in medicinal herbal extracts.展开更多
基金Funded by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Carbon Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2022028-4)。
文摘Industrial wastes such as steel slag and coal gangue etc.were chosen as raw materials for preparing ceramic via the conventional solid-state reaction method.With steel slag and coal gangue mixed in various mass ratios,from 100%steel slag to 100%coal gangue at 10%intervals,microstructure and possible phase evolution of the coal gangue-steel slag ceramics were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,mercury intrusion porosimetry and Archimedes boiling method.The experimental results suggest that the phase compositions of the as-prepared ceramics could be altered with the increased amount of coal gangue in the ceramics.The anorthite-diopside eutectic can be formed in the ceramics with the mass ratios of steel slag to coal gangue arranged from 8:2 to 2:8,which was responsible for the melting of the steel slag-coal gangue ceramics at relatively high temperature.Further investigations on the microstructure suggested that the addition of the proper amount of steel slag in ceramic compositions was conducive to the pore formation and further contributed to an increment in porosity.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92372107 and 52171219).
文摘Nickel-rich layered oxide LiNi_(x)Co_(y)MnzO_(2)(NCM,x+y+z=1)is the most promising cathode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries.However,conventional synthesis methods are limited by the slow heating rate,sluggish reaction dynamics,high energy consumption,and long reaction time.To overcome these chal-lenges,we first employed a high-temperature shock(HTS)strategy for fast synthesis of the NCM,and the approaching ultimate reaction rate of solid phase transition is deeply investigated for the first time.In the HTS process,ultrafast average reaction rate of phase transition from Ni_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)(OH)_(2) to Li-containing oxides is 66.7(%s^(-1)),that is,taking only 1.5 s.An ultrahigh heating rate leads to fast reaction kinetics,which induces the rapid phase transition of NCM cathodes.The HTS-synthesized nickel-rich layered oxides perform good cycling performances(94%for NCM523,94%for NCM622,and 80%for NCM811 after 200 cycles at 4.3 V).These findings might also assist to pave the way for preparing effectively Ni-rich layered oxides for lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201203 and 52171107)the Hebei Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(No.E2021501026)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China-Joint Fund of Iron and Steel Research(No.U1960204)the“333”Talent Project of Hebei Province,China(No.B20221001).
文摘Inconel 718 is the most popular nickel-based superalloy and is extensively used in aerospace,automotive,and energy indus-tries owing to its extraordinary thermomechanical properties.The effects of different two-step solid solution treatments on microstructure andδphase precipitation of Inconel 718 alloy were studied,and the transformation mechanism fromγ″metastable phase toδphase was clarified.The precipitates were statistically analyzed by X-ray diffractometry.The results show that theδphase content firstly increased,and then decreased with the temperature of the second-step solid solution.The changes in microstructure andδphase were studied by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.An intragranularδphase formed in Inconel 718 alloy at the second-[100]_(δ)[011]γ step solid solution temperature of 925℃,and its orientation relationship withγmatrix was determined as//and(010)_(δ)//(111)γ.Furthermore,the Vickers hardness of different heat treatment samples was measured,and the sample treated by second-step solid solution at 1010℃ reached the maximum hardness of HV 446.84.
文摘Dummy molecularly imprinted polymers (DMIPs) for 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) were produced using three structural analogues as dummy template molecules. The chosen analogues were 4-(acetymethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanol, 4- (methylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol, and 1-(3-pyridyl)-1,4,-butanediol. The molecular recognition characteristics of the produced polymers were evaluated by X-ray photoelec- tron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Interactions between NNAL and methacrylic acid should be cooperative hydrogen bonds while the ni- trogen atom of the pyridine ring and the oxygen atom of the nitroso group in NNAL are two of the hydrogen-bond acceptors. It was further demonstrated that DMIP synthesized by 4-(acetymethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanol had the best binding performance by XPS and FT-IR. Then dummy molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction (DMISPE) was developed for the determination of the analyte using the hit polymer as the sorbing material. Under optimal conditions, the recovery of NNAL dissolved in standard solution reached 93%. And the investigated polymer exhibited much higher binding of NNAL when nicotine was acted as the competitive molecule. Also the proposed method was applied to the measurement of NNAL spiked in blank urine samples with recoveries ranging from 87.2% to 101.2%.
基金The study was supported by the Education and Research Project for Young and Middle-Aged Teachers in Fujian Province(JAT201167).
文摘Plasma-assisted ball milling was carried out on the Al+C3H6N6 system and Al+C_(4)H_(4)N_(4) system,respectively.The phase structure,functional groups and synthesis mechanism were analyzed by XRD and FT-IR,and the differences in the synthesis process of nano-AlN with different solid nitrogen sources were discussed.The results show that C3H6N6 has a stable triazine ring structure,and its chemical bond is firm and difficult to break,so AlN cannot be synthesized directly by solid-solid reaction at room temperature.However,there are a large number of nitrile groups(-CN)and amino groups(-NH_(2))in C_(4)H_(4)N_(4) molecules.Under the combined action of plasma bombardment and mechanical energy activation,C_(4)H_(4)N_(4) molecules undergo polycondensation and deamination,so that the ball milling tank is filled with a large number of active nitrogen-containing groups such as N=,≡N,etc.These groups and ball milling activated Al can synthesize nano-AlN at room temperature,with a conversion rate of 92%.SEM,DSC/TG analysis showed that the powder obtained by ball milling was formed by soft agglomeration of many fine primary particles about 50–80 nm.The surface morphology of the powder was loose and porous,and it had strong activity.After annealing at 800℃,the conversion rate of the Al+C_(4)H_(4)N_(4) system reached 99%.
文摘The gas-phase synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from methanol, carbon monoxide and oXygen has here Studied in a flow system at atomspheric Pressure. A series of Catalyst used in this reaCtion have been prepared and evaluated. The influence of trivared carbon supporters, alkaline metal Promoters and operation conditions on DMC opthesis reaction has been discussed. Under the conditions of 130℃, CO/O2=1 .96, SV=3340h-1, the space-time yield (STY) of DMC over PdCl2-CuCl2-CH3COOK/ac. catalyst is 217g/l-cat h,which is higher than what is published in the literatUre so far.
文摘Microwave-assisted synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles, as a function of Green Chemistry, non Green Chemistry, and four applicator types are reported. The applicator types are Domestic microwave ovens, commercial temperature controlled microwave chemistry ovens (TCMC), digesters, and axial field helical antennae. For each of these microwave applicators the process energy budget where estimated (Watts multiplied by process time = kJ) and energy density (applied energy divided by suspension volume = kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup>) range between 180 ± 176.8 kJ, and 79.5 ± 79 kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. The axial field helical field an-tenna applicator is found to be the most energy efficient (0.253 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per kJ, at 36 W). Followed by microwave ovens (4.47 ± 3.9 kJ·ml<sup>-1</sup> per 76.83 ± 39 kJ), and TCMC ovens (2.86 ± 2.3 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per 343 ± 321.5 kJ). The digester applicators have the least energy efficiency (36.2 ± 50.7 kJ·m<sup>-1</sup> per 1010 ± 620 kJ). A comparison with reconstructed ‘non-thermal’ microwave oven inactivation microorganism experiments yields a power-law signature of n = 0.846 (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.7923) four orders of magnitude. The paper provides a discussion on the Au and Ag nanoparticle chemistry and bio-chemistry synthesis aspects of the microwave applicator energy datasets and variation within each dataset. The visual and analytical approach within the energy phase-space projection enables a nanoparticle synthesis route to be systematically characterized, and where changes to the synthesis are to be mapped and compared directly with historical datasets. In order to help identify lower cost nanoparticle synthesis, in addition to potentially reduce synthesis energy to routes informed changes to potentially reduce synthesis energy budget, along with nanoparticle morphology and yield.
基金grants from the Advanced Research Projects Agency (MDA-972-9l-J1013, N000l4-90-2032) and the World Health Organization (WHO 940l
文摘In order to accelerate the development of relatively inexpensive antimalarials that are effective against chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, a methodology for the solid phase synthesis of chalcone (1, 3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one) analogues in reasonably high yields has been developed.
基金Project.20072032 was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘Carboxycoumsrins were synthesized via the solid phase synthesis conviently. The resin bound cyclic malonic ester reacted with o-methoxy or o-hydroxybenzaldehydes. Then cyclization was processed under H2SO4 to afford the products in excellent purities and yields.
文摘An efficient solid phase route for the synthesis of amide derivatives by the reaction of carboxylic acids with urea in the presence of catalytic amount of zirconyl chloride under microwave irradiation conditions was described. In this way, a range of interesting amide derivatives was obtained in good to excellent yields. The catalyst was recycled with fresh reactants and it gave almost similar results without significant loss of activity up to the third run.
基金supported by the key project of Chinese Ministry of Education(No.109086)
文摘A microwave-assisted solid phase synthesis for endothelin 1 is presented.Reduced endothelin 1 was synthesized efficiently on Wang resin under microwave irradiation using Fmoc/tBu orthogonal protection strategy.The whole peptide was cleaved from the resin and two disulphide bridges were formed under air oxidation at room temperature.The purity and efficiency of synthesizing the peptide is much higher than other methods used before.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. FRF-BD-15-004A)
文摘The Cu_2MoS_4 nanoparticles were prepared using a relatively simple and convenient solid-phase process, which was applied for the first time. The crystalline structure, morphology, and optical properties of Cu_2MoS_4 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Cu_2MoS_4 nanoparticles having a band gap of 1.66 eV exhibits good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of methylene blue, which indicates that this simple process may be critical to facilitate the cheap production of photocatalysts.
文摘Human urotension-Ⅱ was synthesized efficiently on Wang resin under microwave irradiation using Fmoc/tBu orthogonal protection strategy. Disulphide bridge was formed on solid phase with the irradiation of microwave, then the whole peptide was cleaved from the resin. The purity of crude peptide cyclized under microwave irradiation was higher than that under room temperature.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation(No.30672546)Shanghai Municipal Committee of S & T(No.0652nm013)National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2007CB935800)
文摘A general method was described to synthesize a highly hydrophobic cyclic peptide,cyclo[LWLWLWLWLQ]where underlines indicate D-configuration of the amino acid,by a two-step solid-phase/solution synthesis strategy.The linear decapeptide was assembled by standard Boc chemistry on solid-phase and subsequently cyclized in solution with high efficiency and reproducibility. In subsequent purification by semi-preparative HPLC,50%(v/v) DMF/H_2O was employed as the solvent to overcome the difficulty of solubilization...
基金This work was supposed by the National Basic Research Program(973 Program)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(G1998051114)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20272004)
文摘Peptide nucleic acids (PNA) oligomers were synthesized in most cases by peptide synthesis from N-protected monomers. In this work a new method of obtaining PNA monomer by Ugi four-component condensation reaction was tested by solid-phase synthesis. The Fmoc protected PNA monomer was build up with thymin-1-yl acetic acid, 3-methylbutyl aldehyde, Fmoc protected aminoethyl isocyanide and Gly-Wang resin.
基金NNSFC (20074017, 29844001) and Visiting Scholar Foundation of Key Lab. in University.
文摘A use of Sulfonate ester as a linker in synthesis of (-aminoalkanols was reported. Diols were tethered onto polystyryl sulfonyl chloride resin, yielding sulfonate resins (2). After cleaved by diethyl amine, diisopropylamine and propylamine respectively, three (-aminoalkanols were obtained.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(No. 2 0 0 3- 0 5 - 5 0 - 2 ) and the Creative Foundation of JilinU niversit
文摘The dialysis method has been traditionally used for the conversion of native human plasminogen(Glu-Hpg) to lys-plasminogen(Lys-Hpg). Here is described a solid-phase synthesis method for the preparation of an acyl-plasminogen-streptokinase activator complex(APSAC) from Lys-Hpg, streptokinase(SK) and chemical modification (agent(4-amidinophenyl-4′-aminobenzoate hydrochloride)) with the L-lysine-Sepharose 4B Column as the carrier. The new method significantly increases the product yield and purity over the liquid-phase methods. The APSAC prepared with the new method exhibits a significant thrombolytic effect with a long half-life of about 8.8 h in rabbits.
文摘A molecular imprinting polymer technique was successfully applied to precipitation polymerization by using styrene as a functional monomer, curcuminoids as templates, acetonitrile as a porogenic solvent,benzoyl peroxide as the initiator, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinker. The effects of interaction on the adsorption capacity of the molecularly imprinted polymer(MIP) and non-imprinted polymer(NIP) were investigated. A comparison of the adsorption capacity for MIP and NIP indicated that the NIP had the lowest adsorption capacity. The curcuminoid-imprinted polymer(Cur-MIP) was synthesized from 0.0237 mmol of styrene, 47.0 g of acetonitrile, 1.0238 mmol of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 0.0325 mmol of curcuminoids, and 0.2480 mmol of benzoyl peroxide. A high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection was developed and validated for various chromatographic conditions for the determination of the curcuminoids in turmeric samples. The sample solution was separated using the Cur-MIP via solid-phase extraction and analyzed on a Brownlee analytical C_(18) column(150 mm ×6 mm, 5 mm) using an isocratic elution consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1%trichloroacetic acid(40:60, v/v). The flow rate was maintained at 1.5 m L/min. The fluorescence detector was set to monitor at λex? 426 nm and λem? 539 nm. The quantification limit values were found to be16.66, 66.66, and 33.33 mg/L for curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin, respectively. Thus, we concluded that the Cur-MIP and high-performance liquid chromatographic-fluorescence method could be applied to selective extraction and could be used as a rapid tool for the determination of curcuminoids in medicinal herbal extracts.