Investigation of the oil-seawater mixed flow under an electromagnetic field

The electromagnetic separation method is a new approach to treat ship-based marine oily wastewater,in which oil droplets are dispersed in seawater(oil-seawater mixed flow).In order to clarify the separation process and determine the separation characteristics,the flow field and volume fraction of the oil droplets of the oil-seawater mixed flow under an applied electromagnetic field with different operating conditions were investigated by 2D numerical simulations with the Eulerian model.The results show that:(1)the downward Lorentz force causes seawater to flow downwards and the oil droplets to move upwards due to the electromagnetic separation force in the effective section of the separation channel;(2)the volume fraction of the oil droplets at the top of the outlet section increases with the current density,magnetic field,and the diameter of the oil droplet and decreases with the inlet velocity of the oily seawater.The results provide useful guidance for the design of electromagnetic separation devices of the oil-seawater mixed flow.

Flow zone distribution and mixing time in a Peirce-Smith copper converter

Peirce-Smith copper converting involves complex multiphase flow and mixing.In this work,the flow zone distribution and mixing time in a Peirce-Smith copper converter were investigated in a 1:5 scaled cold model.Flow field distribution,including dead,splashing,and strong-loop zones,were measured,and a dimensionless equation was established to determine the correlation of the effects of stirring and mixing energy with an error of<5%.Four positions in the bath,namely,injection,splashing,strong-loop,and dead zones,were selected to add a hollow salt powder tracer and measure the mixing time.Injecting a quartz flux through tuyeres or into the backflow point of the splashing wave through a chute was recommended instead of adding it through a crane hopper from the top of the furnace to improve the slag-making reaction.

Mathematical Modeling,Field Calibration and Numerical Simulation of Low-Speed Mixed Traffic Flow in Cities

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Visualization of Wormlike Micelle Fluid Flow in a Mixing Tank

In this study,particle image velocimetry was applied to investigate flow fields of wormlike micelle(WLM) fluids in a mixing tank equipped with a four-blade,down-pumping,pitched blade turbine. First,the rheology of WLM fluids was investigated,and the Carreau model was utilized to describe their apparent viscosity. Then,the effects of the rotation speeds and rheological properties on the flow fields were studied using different WLM fluids at different rotation speeds. The results revealed that with increasing Reynolds number,the discharge angle decreases and the carven size increases. Furthermore,elastic effects of WLM fluids lead to a more curved flow and a smaller carven.

Effects of Airflow Field on Droplets Diameter inside the Corrugated Packing of a Rotating Packed Bed

Rotating packing bed(RPB) has a better mixing performance than traditional mixers and shows potential application in the petroleum industry. However, acquisition of information about the mixing process directly through experiments is difficult because of the compact structure and complex multiphase flow pattern in RPB. To study the mixing characteristic, Fluent, the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) software, was used to explore the effect of airflow field on droplet diameter. For conducting calculations, the gas-liquid two-phase flow inside the packing was simulated with the RNG k-ε turbulence model and the Lagrange Discrete Phase Model(DPM), respectively. The numerical calculation results showed that coalescence and breakup of droplets can take place in the gas phase flow inside the packing and can be strengthened with increased rotating speed, thereby leading to the enlargement of the average diameter.

Research progress of chaotic mixing in stirred tank

Chaotic mixing is regarded as an effective method to improve the mixing effect in the laminar stirred tank.To generate chaos in flow field in stirred tank,many efforts including aperiodic movement,asystematic installation impeller,etc.,were made to save mixing time and energy consumption.The computational fluid dynamics of chaotic flow field and the hyperchaotic controlling method as well as macro-instability were reviewed.Multiple flow field coupling is important in the turbulent mixing region of stirred tank.The development trends of flow field coupling and hyperchaotic controlling in chaotic mixing were prospected in energy saving operation.

Convective heat and mass transfer in MHD mixed convection flow of Jeffrey nanofluid over a radially stretching surface with thermal radiation

Mixed convection flow of magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) Jeffrey nanofluid over a radially stretching surface with radiative surface is studied. Radial sheet is considered to be convectively heated. Convective boundary conditions through heat and mass are employed. The governing boundary layer equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations. Convergent series solutions of the resulting problems are derived. Emphasis has been focused on studying the effects of mixed convection, thermal radiation, magnetic field and nanoparticles on the velocity, temperature and concentration fields. Numerical values of the physical parameters involved in the problem are computed for the local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are computed.

基于POLYFLOW的管道黏弹性流体流动数值模拟

借助POLYFLOW软件分析了方型截面管道内黏弹性流体的流动参数,研究表明:管道内流体不仅存在着轴向流动,还存在着回流运动,即在流体流动方向存在着二次流动和流层颗粒分散混合现象.

Flow field characteristics,mixing and emissions performance of a lab-scale rich-quench-lean trapped-vortex combustor utilizing a quench orifice plate combined with a bluff-body

In this study,the low emission combustion technology of Rich-Quench-Lean(RQL)has been applied in Trapped-Vortex Combustor(TVC),and the combinative RQL-TVC shows a promising low emissions performance.By utilizing a quench orifice plate combined with a bluffbody,a lab-scale RQL-TVC was designed.The flow fields of RQL-TVC were measured by 2-D PIV and predicted by 3-D numerical simulation.Flow structures,radial profiles of normalized mean axial velocity,turbulence intensity and mixing level of the quench zone were analyzed.Results reveal that the dual-vortex and the single-vortex flow patterns both exist in cavities and quench zone of RQL-TVC,and the turbulence intensity is strong in the quench zone with some reverse flows.The spiral vortex was discussed by 3-D streamlines and the detail flow structures of the quench zone were analyzed based on the numerical results.The mixing level of the quench zone was determined,and results show that the quench device enhances the mixing level compared with TVC.Combustion efficiency and emissions performance were investigated experimentally,and results demon-strate that RQL-TVC has relatively higher combustion efficiency and lower emission index of CO,UHC and NO_xthan the same size lab-scale TVC in present work.

W火焰锅炉SCR脱硝超低排放技术及应用

截至2021年底,全国已有超过95%的燃煤火电机组实现了氮氧化物超低排放,剩余均为燃用无烟煤的W火焰锅炉,其产生的氮氧化物质量浓度高达750~1200 mg/m^(3),实现超低排放难度大,是我国实现超低排放政策的“最后一公里”。目前,选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝流场技术主要有“SCR分区混合动态调平技术”“全烟道断面混合流场技术”“常规精准喷氨技术”等。以某设计脱硝效率需高达95%的W火焰锅炉为例,通过计算流体力学(CFD)模拟的方式对比3种技术的性能指标,“SCR分区混合动态调平技术”的各项指标明显优于其他技术。工程改造后,在脱硝系统入口氮氧化物质量浓度为1000 mg/m^(3),出口低于50 mg/m^(3)时,可实时保持氨逃逸量小于3μL/L,远超常规SCR脱硝系统最高设计效率(93%),为W火焰锅炉氮氧化物超低排放提供了新的技术路线。

气液混输管道段塞流泄漏流场特征

气液混输是油气管道运输的常用技术,与单相管道相比,当气液混输管道泄漏时,由于气液相间相互作用,流动情况复杂。所有流型中,段塞流研究最为困难。为了研究气液混输管道段塞流型下泄漏的流场特征,对比单相管道与混输管道泄漏动态压力波的波形特点,基于动网格与UDF(user-defined function)模拟泄漏发生的全过程,分析泄漏过程以及液塞经过泄漏孔口过程的压力、流速、湍流强度变化,得到气液混输间歇流泄漏流场特征。结果表明:与单相管道相比,当泄漏方位为上部和中部时,混输管道段塞流泄漏瞬间形成明显的方向向下的动态压力波脉冲,持续泄漏则交替出现多个向上和向下的信号脉冲,且信号的幅值远大于正常流动信号的幅值。泄漏瞬间产生的方向向下的动态压力脉冲是由压力突然下降引起,泄漏瞬间引起的压力变化主要反映在管道压力上,通过管道安装的动态压力传感器可有效反映泄漏瞬间产生的压力变化。液塞到达与离开泄漏位置是影响管道压力波动的主要因素。动网格仿真模拟与试验结合的方法可用于研究气液混输管道段塞流泄漏的流场特征。

基于CFX摆线减速双螺杆的优化设计与流场分析

针对传统双螺杆挤出机混合性能低下问题,研究设计了一种带有反螺纹元件的摆线减速新型双螺杆,旨在提高双螺杆挤出机流道内物料的混合性能。文章以流体力学为理论基础,运用MATLAB软件优化参数,选用SOLIDWORKS建立对应几何模型,运用ANSYS/CFX模拟分析流道运动情况,以传统双螺杆挤出机为参照,进行宏观压力场、速度场、速度矢量以及螺杆截面速度流线图对比分析。分析结果显示,反螺纹元件能够使物料在流道内出现回流现象,摆线减速装置有效地降低了螺杆转速,致使物料在流道内被反复剪切,混合更加充分。研究结果表明:新型双螺杆提升物料20%左右的停留时间;变速段出现物料回流现象,此处物料发生反复剪切,混合性能提升;摆线针轮减速器的减速效果有效地延长了物料传输时间,提高了物料的混合性能。

正癸烷/空气旋转爆轰波形成与传播数值模拟

针对气液两相旋转爆轰波形成与传播问题,本文以液态正癸烷为燃料,采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法,通过三维数值模拟给出了两相旋转爆轰波的形成演变特点和自持传播机理。研究结果表明:在起爆阶段,通过调控初始燃料分布能够获得强度不同的爆轰波和压力波;在对撞阶段,爆轰波与压力波共发生4次对撞,由于缺乏燃料供给,压力波逐渐衰减并消失,爆轰波以单波模态传播;在稳定传播阶段,未燃燃料在三叉点处聚集形成未反应气流区并诱导产生局部爆炸。未反应气流区的周期性出现和局部爆炸是两相爆轰波自持传播的重要影响因素。

主流马赫数对超声速气膜冷却流场特性及冷却效率的影响

着眼于离散孔形式的气膜冷却在高超声速飞行器热防护中的应用,为更深入探究超声速气膜冷却流场结构特征以及激波对气膜冷却的耦合作用机理,采用三维可压缩RANS数值仿真方法,研究了不同主流马赫数条件下气膜冷却的流动和传热特性。结果表明,主流超声速条件下,冷却射流的阻碍作用使得气膜冷却孔上游出现激波,且随着主流马赫数的增大,激波强度增大;激波诱导主流沿展向偏转而远离气膜冷却孔中心区域,弱化了主流和冷却射流的相互作用,降低了冷却射流在展向的掺混耗散。因此,在主流超声速条件下气膜冷却覆盖效果更佳、距离更长,且整体气膜冷却效率随着主流马赫数的增大而提高。

大口径长输天然气管道掺氢混气特性研究

长输天然气管道具有管径大、流速快的特点,掺氢混气的不均匀度会增加管道输送系统金属氢脆、密封渗漏、设备运行不稳定等风险。针对我国某长输天然气管道的运行工况,采用数值模拟的方法研究了4种静态混合器(SK型、SX型、SL型、HEV型)进行掺氢输送(掺氢比为3%)时的流场特性以及混合效果。结果表明,4种静态混合器对天然气掺氢混气均具有扰动混合作用,混合不均匀度随输量的增大而减小,压力损失随输量的增大而增大;在掺氢比为3%、掺氢压力为4.22 MPa、输量为13×10^(8)~36×10^(8)Nm^(3)/a的工况下,SK型、SX型、SL型和HEV型静态混合器的混合特性和效果差异较大,应在不同的混合距离处,将混合不均匀度下降至5%以下。综合考虑,可优选或创新设计结构相对简单、混合距离短、混合不均匀度较低、湍流特性优异、剪切特性良好并且压降适中的静态混合器,作为大口径长输天然气主管路掺氢混合器。

钱塘江河口盐官段混合式丁坝修建对水沙及河床影响的实测研究

钱塘江北岸古海塘堤脚加固工程中,辅助围堰施工的临时性管袋黏土混合式丁坝对工程的顺利进行、提高施工效率起着至关重要的作用,然而目前对其周围水沙运动的研究较少,且缺乏相关实测资料。考虑混合式丁坝修建的动态过程,利用无人机拍摄水流视频结合LSPIV(粒子图像测速)处理技术对丁坝修建前、中、后期周围的流场进行分析,并对丁坝附近的地形进行跟踪测量,同时对不同潮差的水流含沙量进行现场测定。结果表明,丁坝具有改变水流方向,减少水流对河岸冲刷的作用,且丁坝越长,挑流作用越明显,为围堰施工提供了较为平缓的水流条件;混合式丁坝对坝后处的促淤效果明显,且坝后地形变化与含沙量密切相关,潮差越大,水体含沙量越高,丁坝后河床淤积幅度越大,有利于提高围堰的施工效率。研究成果对之后相关物理模型和数值模拟的研究提供数据支持。

分形排布式穿流搅拌桨强化流体混沌混合行为

为减小混合隔离区、增大混沌混合区、强化流体的混沌混合过程,基于分形理论的自相似特性提出一种具有分形排布式穿流孔的搅拌桨强化流体的混沌混合行为。采用计算流体力学(CFD)和实验相结合的方法探究了流体混合过程中的功耗特性、速度分布、剪切应变率分布、隔离区结构以及Poincare截面。研究结果表明,在相同Reynolds数下,与Rushton桨相比,分形排布式穿流搅拌桨(FAPT)能够有效降低搅拌功耗和功率准数,而且随着穿流孔分形迭代次数的增加,搅拌功耗和功率准数进一步降低。其中,FAPT-1体系的功率准数降低6.57%~12.50%,FAPT-2体系的功率准数降低10.95%~19.32%,FAPT-3体系的功率准数降低15.25%~24.66%。在相同功耗下,与Rushton桨相比,FAPT桨能够增强对流体的剪切作用,增大剪切应变率,减小混合隔离区,缩短流体的混合时间,提高流体的混合效率,而且随着穿流孔分形迭代次数的增加这一效果更为明显。

Mixed Model for Silt-Laden Solid-Liquid Two-Phase Flows

The kinetic theory of molecular gases was used to derive the governing equations for dense solid-liquid two-phase flows from a microscopic flow characteristics viewpoint by multiplying the Boltzmann equation for each phase by property parameters and integrating over the velocity space. The particle collision term was derived from microscopic terms by comparison with dilute two-phase flow but with consideration of the collisions between particles for dense two-phase flow conditions and by assuming that the particle-phase velocity distribution obeys the Maxwell equations. Appropriate terms from the dilute two-phase governing equations were combined with the dense particle collision term to develop the governing equations for dense solid-liquid turbulent flows. The SIMPLEC algorithm and a staggered grid system were used to solve the discretized two-phase governing equations with a Reynolds averaged turbulence model. Dense solid-liquid turbulent two-phase flows were simulated for flow in a duct. The simulation results agree well with experimental data.

功率超声作用下钢包内流场特性的模拟

以120 t钢包为研究对象,对功率超声作用下钢包内的流场进行数值模拟,研究了功率超声对流场特性的影响结果表明:功率超声能够显著增加钢包内钢液的速度,作用范围主要集中于探头周围区域与传统吹氩搅拌相比,功率超声作用可大幅度缩短均混时间同时,在功率超声一个周期τ(417×10^(-5) s)的不同阶段,功率超声强度和钢液流速均呈现周期性变化,τ阶段作用范围最大当超声波的功率为800 W时,平均速度与峰值速度最大值分别为249×10^(-5 )m/s和240×10^(-3) m/s,显著作用区域为钢液总体积的1/10,均混时间由底吹氩200 L/min流量条件(标准态)下的108 s降低至65 s当功率为800~2000 W时,超声波对流场的影响主要体现在流速及均混时间方面,随着超声波功率的增加,流场流速增加,均混时间缩短2000 W功率条件下的平均速度与峰值速度分别为277×10^(-5) m/s和160×10^(-3) m/s,均混时间为32 s。

不同叶顶间隙对斜流泵性能影响的数值分析

斜流泵具有高效,启动特性好,运行工况宽等特点。目前斜流泵设计时,无法定量评估叶顶间隙对性能影响的敏感性。为了揭示不同叶顶间隙值对斜流泵内部流场和性能的影响,给定叶顶间隙选取的范围。分别选取无叶顶间隙和叶顶间隙分别为0.5,1.0,1.5 mm共4种设计方案的斜流泵为对象,基于剪切压力传输模型(shear stress transport,SST k-ω)湍流模型,SIMPLEC算法与块结构化网格,对斜流泵内部流场进行数值模拟和试验验证。结果表明,叶顶间隙为0.5 mm时,可以有效抑制斜流泵的扬程-流量正斜率特性,此时斜流泵的效率值最高;无叶顶间隙时,斜流泵扬程-流量正斜率特性较为明显;叶顶间隙为1 mm时,数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好,SST k-ω模型可较好模拟斜流泵叶顶间隙区流动特征,性能预估结果具有一定的可信度。在小流量工况下,叶顶间隙为0.5 mm可有效抑制斜流泵的正斜率不稳定特性。小叶顶间隙0.5mm时,斜流泵水力性能最优;叶顶间隙增大时,叶顶泄漏流动逐渐显著,叶轮出口近壁区轴面流速和涡量分布规律显著变化,表明叶顶间隙直接影响叶轮轴面速度分布规律和叶片负荷分布规律,由于受壁面摩擦阻力和液体黏滞阻力的影响,叶轮轮毂和叶顶间隙侧的叶轮轴面速度较小;叶顶间隙增大时,叶轮轮毂和叶顶间隙侧叶片负荷急剧衰减,影响叶片的做功能力。同时,叶顶泄漏流动区域与叶片主流区域的掺混效应,使叶片轮缘的低速区扩展到叶轮流道内部的主流区域,引起叶轮流道内部主流流动的堵塞效应,产生二次流动、漩涡等流动不稳定现象。上述研究结果,揭示了叶顶间隙对斜流泵内部流场和性能的影响机理,为斜流泵叶顶间隙的选择提供了理论依据。