Controllable synthesis of CuAlO_(2) via solid-phase method and its catalytic performance for methanol steam reforming to hydrogen

This study explores the controllable synthesis of CuAlO_(2) using copper hydroxide and pseudo-boehmite powders as raw materials via a simple solid-phase ball milling method,along with its catalytic performance investigation in methanol steam reforming(MSR).Various catalysts were prepared under different conditions,such as calcination temperature,calcination atmosphere,and heating rate.Characterization techniques including BET,XRD,XPS,SEM and H2-TPR were employed to analyze the samples.The results revealed significant effects of calcination temperature on the phase compositions,specific surface area,reduction performance,and surface properties of the CA-T catalysts.Based on the findings,a synthesis route of CuAlO_(2) via the solid-phase method was proposed,highlighting the importance of high calcination temperature,nitrogen atmosphere,and low heating rate for CuAlO_(2) formation.Catalytic evaluation data demonstrated that CuAlO_(2) could catalyze MSR without pre-reduction,with the catalytic performance of CA-T catalysts being notably influenced by calcination temperature.Among the prepared catalysts,the CA-1100 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activity and stability.The findings of this study might be useful for the further study of the catalytic material for sustained release catalysis,including the synthesis of catalytic materials and the regulation of sustained release catalytic performance.

Low temperature solid-phase sintering of sintered metal fibrous media with high specific surface area

A procedure of low temperature solid-phase sintering（LTSS） was carried out to fabricate sintered metal fibrous media（SMFM） with high specific surface area.Stainless steel fibers which were produced by cutting process were first plated with a coarse copper coating layer by electroless plating process.A low-temperature sintering process was then completed at about 800 °C for 1 h under the protection of hydrogen atmosphere.The results show that a novel SMFM with complex surface morphology and high specific surface area（0.2 m2/g） can be obtained in this way.The effect of sintering temperature on the surface morphology and specific surface area of SMFM was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller.The damage of micro-structure during the sintering process mainly contributed to the loss of specific surface area of SMFM and the optimal sintering temperature was 800 °C.

Solid-phase sintering process and forced convective heat transfer performance of porous-structured micro-channels

A solid-phase sintering process for the low-cost fabrication of composite micro-channels was developed. Three kinds of composite micro-channels with metallic porous structures were designed. The sintering process was studied and optimized to obtain porous-structured micro-channels with high porosity. The flow resistance and heat transfer performance in the composite micro-channels were investigated. The composite micro-channels show acceptable flow resistance, significant enhancement of heat transfer and dramatic improvement of flow boiling stability, which indicates a promising prospect for the application in forced convective heat transfer.

Determination of phthalate esters in fat-containing foods by packed nanofiber solid-phase extraction column and gas chromatography

A new method for simultaneous determination of four phthalate esters （ PAEs） in commercial fat-containing foods was developed by the combination of a packed nanofibers column based on solid-phase extraction with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector （ GC-FID ）. Conditions for obtaining optimum extraction efficiency such as extraction solvents, morphologies of adsorbent, ion strength and pH were investigated and optimized in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection （LODs） found for dibutyl phthalate （DBP） , butyl benzyl phthalate （BBP）, diethyl hexyl phthalate （DEHP） and di-n-octyl phthalate （DNOP） were 50, 25, 50 and 25 ng/g, respectively. Good linearity of four PAEs was achieved in the range of 50 to 4 000 ng/g. The proposed method was applied for analyzing different kinds of fat-containing samples. PAEs in commercial fat-containing samples can be highly extracted by a packed solid-phase extraction column of 5 mg polystyrene （ PS） nanofibers. The satisfactory average recoveries were obtained in the range of 96. 7% to 102. 3% , and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） below 5% were achieved. The proposed method reduces the organic solvent consumption, the complex and tedious procedures for sample pretreatment, and achieves high sensitivity and reproducibility for the investigated PAEs.

Chemiluminescence Determination of Benzoic Acid Using A Solid-Phase Verdigris Reactor

A new chemiluminescence flow system has been developed for sequential determina-tion of benzoic acid based on the reaction of the compound with copper carbonate entrapped in a solid-phase reactor. It was found that the unsaturated complex of Cu(II) and benzoic acid (1:1) has strong catalytic effect on the luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence reaction. The calibration graph is linear over the range of 0.025 ~ 60 g/mL of benzoic acid, with a relative standard deviation of less than 3.0 %, and the detection limit is 0.01礸穖L-1. The proposed method was applied to the determination of benzoic acid content in different pharmaceutical formulations.

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E2蛋白的真核表达及间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为建立检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)抗体的间接ELISA方法,利用昆虫细胞真核表达系统成功表达E2蛋白,将纯化后的E2蛋白作为包被抗原,用方阵滴定方法对影响ELISA的各个因素进行优化,并进行特异性、敏感性和重复性试验。结果表明,在昆虫细胞中表达了BVDV E2蛋白,Western blot证实目的蛋白可与BVDV阳性血清发生特异性反应。ELISA优化结果显示,E2蛋白最佳包被浓度为0.5μg/mL,最佳封闭液为1%明胶,最佳血清稀释度为1∶400,最佳血清作用方式为37℃作用30 min,酶标抗体的最佳作用方式为1∶2000稀释、37℃作用30 min,最佳底物作用时间为室温20 min,阳性临界值为OD 450≥0.423。与血清中和试验法进行比较,总符合率为97.8%,板内和板间重复性试验的变异系数均小于10%。该方法与牛常见病毒阳性血清均无交叉反应。说明建立的间接ELISA抗体检测方法特异性、敏感性和重复性良好,可用于大批量样本的临床检测和流行病学研究。

禽白血病病毒p27抗原ELISA检测试剂盒的比较与评估

为了更好地进行禽白血病监测与净化,研究使用由蛋清、细胞培养物、胎粪等多种样品组成的样品盘对7种禽白血病病毒(Avian leukosis virus,ALV)p27抗原ELISA检测试剂盒(国产试剂盒DA、DB、DC,进口试剂盒IA、IB、IC、IDEXX)进行比较。结果显示:从分析特性上看,试剂盒分析特异性均较好,未观察到与其他常见禽源病毒的交叉反应;与IDEXX相比,DA、IA的分析敏感性较高,DB、IC其次,DC、IB较低,对于ALV不同亚群,各种试剂盒分析敏感性差异可达2~3个稀释度;从诊断特性上看,与IDEXX相比,DB、DC和IC的诊断敏感性和诊断特异性均高于90%;DA、IA和IB与IDEXX的诊断敏感性和诊断特异性均高于80%;各试剂盒对于不同类型样品(DF-1细胞培养物、蛋清、胎粪)的诊断敏感性和诊断特异性存在差异;从重复性上看,DA和IA的批内变异系数均在15%以内。综上所述,与IDEXX相比,当前国产p27抗原ELISA检测试剂盒DA和DB、进口p27抗原ELISA检测试剂盒IA和IC的各项性能可满足禽白血病净化各阶段对不同类型样品的检测需求。

HPLC Determination of Captopril in Human Plasma with Pre-column Derivation and Solid-phase Extraction and Studies on Its Pharmacokinetic and Relative Bioavailability

A new pre-column derivation HPLC method with solid-phase extraction to determine captopril in human plasma was established. Derivation products were extracted by a solid-phase extraction method after the reagent, p-a-dibromoacetophenone(p-BPB), was added in the plasma samples. The samples were analyzed in a VP-ODS column with UV-detector. The calibration curve of captopril was linear within the range of 5~1000 ngmL-1 with r=0.9987, the recovery of this method was 98.652.04%, within day and between day RSD were no more than 3.4% and 8.4% respectively. To study the pharmacokinetics and the relative bioavailability of captopril tablets, two formulations of captopril tablets were given to 18 healthy male volunteers according to a randomized 2-way cross-over design with a 1-week washout period. The respective AUC0~6 , Cmax and Tmax values of the two formulations were 424.5125.7 and 439.4113.3 mghL-1; 505.9244.6 and 504.8172.2 mgL-1; 0.6620.181 and 0.5280.176 h. Results from statistics analysis showed that there were no significant difference between the AUC0~6 , Cmax and Tmax values of the two formulations, The relative bioavailability of tablets I with respect to II was 96.114.6% from AUC0~6 measurement. Bioequivalance was observed between the two tablets.

牛病毒性腹泻病毒E^(rns)-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的制备

为建立快速检测牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV)的血清学方法,本试验以BVDV NADL毒株结构蛋白E^(rns)作为包被抗原,优化反应条件并组装BVDV酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)抗体检测试剂盒,通过重复性试验、灵敏性试验、符合率试验和保存期试验验证该试剂盒的准确性、灵敏性和稳定性。结果显示,抗原包被浓度为4μg/mL,1%酪蛋白溶液37℃封闭45 min,被检血清以1∶400稀释孵育30 min,兔抗牛HRP标记二抗以1∶20000稀释孵育30 min,TMB底物反应5 min时,ELISA的反应背景下降,区分度最好。优化后方法的批内重复性试验和批间重复性试验的变异系数均在10%以内,表明该试剂盒具有较好的稳定性;灵敏性试验结果显示,当阳性血清稀释度达到1∶6400时仍可以检测为阳性,说明该试剂盒灵敏度较高;该试剂盒与美国爱德士生物科技公司(IDEXX)BVDV总抗体检测试剂盒共同检测466份临床血清样品,两者总符合率为89.1%;保存期试验结果显示,第4个月时该试剂盒仍能检测到阳性血清,说明稳定性较好。综上表明,本试验利用E^(rns)蛋白建立的BVDV间接ELISA抗体检测试剂盒灵敏度高且重复性好,可为BVDV抗体检测和流行性调查提供新的方法。

抗PCV4 Cap蛋白抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立可应用于猪圆环病毒4型(PCV4)候选疫苗特异性抗体检测与评价方法,本研究应用PCV4 Cap蛋白作为抗原,以PCV4多克隆兔源抗体作为一抗,优化各反应的最佳条件并建立了针对PCV4 Cap蛋白抗体的间接ELISA方法。最佳条件为2μg/m L PCV4 Cap纯化蛋白,4℃包被过夜,5%脱脂乳封闭60 min,待检血清稀释比例为1∶800,反应条件为37℃、45 min,酶标抗体稀释比例为1∶5000,反应条件为37℃、60 min,底物显色时间为10 min,Cut of f值为0.157,灵敏度可达102400倍。成功建立的抗PCV4Cap蛋白抗体间接ELISA检测方法具有良好的敏感性、重复性和特异性。可为检测PCV4候选疫苗的特异性抗体水平提供一种精准、高效的方法。

可变色ELISA样品稀释液制备及其性能检测

为解决酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测过程中样品错加、漏检问题,研制开发了一种可变色ELISA试剂盒样品稀释指示剂,明确了其制备方法,并开展了性能检测评价及其在检测过程的应用特性。可变色稀释指示剂制备方法为:在0.01 mol/L PBS(pH=7.2)基础缓冲液中,加入血清蛋白组分、0.01%可变色指示剂和特效稳定剂,充分溶解后再添加Krovin750防腐剂,定容后即可。结果:制备的可变色ELISA样品稀释显色反应明显,可用于ELISA试剂盒检测中的血清或血浆样本稀释,有效避免检测过程样品跳孔和错加现象;同时对样品具有良好保护,显著提高了检测结果的准确性和稳定性,实现了对样品的有效保护,降低了样品基质背景干扰,提高了检测结果的准确性和稳定性。

基于Penton蛋白禽腺病毒血清4型间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

Penton蛋白是构成禽腺病毒血清4型(Fowl adenovirus serotype 4,FAdV-4)衣壳的主要结构蛋白,具备高度保守性与良好的免疫原性。以纯化的Penton蛋白为包被抗原,建立一种基于禽腺病毒血清4型Penton蛋白的间接ELISA抗体检测方法。结果显示,Penton蛋白最佳包被质量浓度为2μg/mL,血清稀释倍数为200倍,酶标抗体稀释倍数为1∶5000,阳性临界值为0.222,敏感性可达到1∶6400,与鸡传染性支气管炎病毒、鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒、鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒均无交叉反应,特异性良好,批间批内重复性变异系数均<10%,在100份临床血清中阳性检出率为77%,与商品化试剂盒检出符合率可达98%。综上,建立的ELISA抗体检测方法可以用于禽腺病毒4型临床抗体检测。

A型塞内卡病毒VP2蛋白多克隆抗体的制备及间接ELISA检测方法的建立

[目的]制备A型塞内卡病毒(Senecavirus A,SVA)VP2蛋白多克隆抗体,建立检测SVA抗体的间接ELISA方法,以期为SVA致病机制及诊断提供研究基础。[方法]利用同源重组技术将VP2基因克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a中,构建重组表达质粒pET-28a-VP2,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞进行IPTG诱导表达,表达产物经纯化后皮下多点注射新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。利用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)、Western blotting和中和试验鉴定多克隆抗体的特异性、反应性和中和活性。以VP2为抗原包被酶标板,通过矩阵优化、临界值确定、特异性鉴定及敏感性和重复性分析建立检测SVA抗体的间接ELISA方法。采集50份临床血清样品,分别用间接ELISA与IFA方法进行检测,分析间接ELISA方法的符合率。[结果]重组VP2蛋白以包涵体形式表达,大小为40 ku。制备的多克隆抗体能与重组VP2蛋白和SVA特异性结合,与其他病毒无交叉反应,且具有较高的中和活性。经对间接ELISA条件的优化,确定VP2包被浓度为4μg/mL,阳性血清稀释浓度为1∶250,封闭液为5%脱脂乳+5%BSA,血清样品和二抗孵育时间均为90 min, TMB底物反应时间为10 min,临界值为0.182。建立的间接ELISA方法与常见的猪病毒阳性血清不反应,与IFA符合率达94.0%。[结论]原核表达系统表达的VP2蛋白具有良好的免疫原性,制备的多克隆抗体能与SVA和VP2发生特异性反应。建立的间接ELISA方法特异性高,与IFA符合率高,适用于临床SVA抗体检测和疫苗效力评价。

Comparison of Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction with Simultaneous Steam Distillation Extraction for the Analysis of the Volatile Constituents in Chinese Apricot

Volatile constituents in fully mature fruits of apricot （Prunus armeniaca L.） cultivar Xinshiji were extracted using headspace solid-phase microextraction （HS-SPME） and simultaneous steam distillation extraction （SSDE） and then analyzed using capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 70 components were identified by HSSPME, including 20 esters, 19 hydrocarbons, 5 alcohols, 5 ketones, 4 acids, 4 lactones, 3 aldehydes, and 10 miscellaneous components, with the esters being the dominant constituent. On the basis of the odor unit values, it is believed that the following compounds probably contributed to the fresh apricot odor： hexyl acetate, β-ionone, butyl acetate, （E）-2-hexenal, linalool, limonene, γ-decalactone, and hexanal. A total of 49 components were also detected by SSDE, including 13 hydrocarbons, 9 alcohols, 7 aldehydes, 9 esters, 4 ketones, 4 lactones, 2 acids, and 1 miscellaneous component, of which the monoterpene alcohols were the dominant constituents. It could be judged from the odor unit values that the following compounds were the major contributors to boiled apricot aroma： β-ionone, linalool, hexyl acetate, γ-dodecalactone, γ- decalactone, （E）-2-hexenal, hexanal, γ-octalactone, phenylacetaldehyde, butyl acetate, limonene, α-terpineol, and δ-decalactone. The results show that HS-SPME is a simple, rapid, and solvent-free method, which is an alternative to the classical SSDE.

猪肺炎支原体P46-P65重组蛋白的表达及间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为建立猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)血清学调查及免疫评估方法,本研究利用DNAStar生物学软件对Mhp的P46和P65进行抗原表位分析,利用重叠延伸PCR(SOE-PCR)获得P46-P65融合基因,构建重组表达质粒pETP46-P65,将其转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经诱导后获得了可溶性表达的重组P46(aa33~aa419)-P65(aa307~aa627)蛋白(rP46-P65)。以纯化的r P46-P65为包被抗原,经优化各反应条件后建立了检测Mhp抗体的间接ELISA方法。特异性试验结果显示所建立的方法与CSFV、FMDV、PEDV、PCV2、PRV、PRRSV和APP等阳性血清均无交叉反应。该方法可检测到最高稀释至6 400倍的Mhp阳性血清,批内和批间变异系数均小于5%。利用IDEXX试剂盒和本研究建立的方法同时检测298份临床血清样品,前者的检测阳性率为62.4%(186/298),后者的检测阳性率为73.8%(220/298),两者检测结果的总符合率为88.6%。IDEXX检测为阳性的血清,采用本研究建立的ELISA方法检测也均为阳性;而部分Mhp阳性猪经IDEXX试剂盒检测为阴性的血清,该ELISA方法检测结果却为阳性,其中79.4%(27/34)检测结果有差异的血清经Mhp颜色变化试验证明均为阳性,表明本研究建立的ELISA方法的敏感性明显高于IDEXX方法。本研究建立的检测猪Mhp抗体的间接ELISA方法与目前广泛使用的方法相比优势明显,为临床血清流行病学调查及血清抗体水平评估提供了可行方法。

不同ELISA检测方法在检测出壳雏鸡禽白血病病毒感染中的应用

通过雏鸡胎粪中群特异性衣壳蛋白27(p27)抗原检测以判定禽白血病病毒(ALV)垂直传播是实施禽白血病净化的关键步骤,为对比不同ALV-p27抗原ELISA试剂盒对我国四类广泛流行的亚群ALV垂直传播的检测效果,本试验设置ALV-A、ALV-B、ALV-J和ALV-K感染组,以无菌生理盐水作为对照组,在8胚龄时以卵黄囊接种的方式感染SPF鸡胚,建立鸡胚携带ALV-A、ALV-B、ALV-J和ALV-K的垂直感染模型。采集各组雏鸡胎粪样品和血浆样品,死亡鸡胚肝脏样品,死亡雏鸡胎粪样品、血浆样品和肝脏样品,其中血浆和肝脏样品需接种鸡胚成纤维细胞系(DF-1细胞)进行病毒分离,各样品以4家公司提供的ALV-p27抗原ELISA试剂盒进行检测,并以实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)进行平行检测,比较阳性检出率和灵敏度。结果显示,4家公司的ALV-p27抗原ELISA试剂盒对于同一样品的阴阳性判定结果基本一致,但灵敏度存在差异;胎粪样品直接ELISA检测不能将ALV阳性鸡只全部检出,相对于胎粪样品,血浆和肝脏病毒分离样品ELISA检测更具有灵敏度优势。本试验所建立的对比方法不仅有助于评估4家公司ELISA试剂盒的灵敏度,还进一步评估了胎粪样品直接ELISA检测与血浆和肝脏病毒分离样品ELISA检测2种评估方法的灵敏度,为科学选择灵敏特异的ALV检测方法提供了良好评价模型。

基于N和G蛋白的HeV抗体间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为了建立亨德拉病毒(HeV)抗体的间接ELISA检测方法,人工合成HeV的N和G基因,并将其分别连接到原核表达载体PET-30a,经IPTG诱导、变复性处理及纯化后获得表达蛋白,免疫健康马获得阳性血清,用矩阵法对蛋白包被浓度和一抗稀释倍数进行确定,优化包被时间、封闭剂以及孵育时间等技术参数,并对建立方法的灵敏性、特异性、重复性和准确性进行评估。经SDS-PAGE和Western blot验证,N和G两个蛋白均实现高效表达,间接ELISA方法中二者的最佳包被浓度分别为10μg/mL和8μg/mL,一抗血清的稀释倍数为1∶800,优化后的最佳反应条件为:N蛋白4℃包被过夜,5%脱脂奶粉37℃封闭2 h,一抗孵育时间30 min,二抗按1∶8000稀释后37℃作用60 min;G蛋白4℃包被过夜,2%BSA 37℃封闭2 h,一抗孵育时间80 min,二抗按1∶8000稀释后37℃作用80 min。结果表明,所建方法N蛋白的灵敏性大于1∶12800,G蛋白大于1∶6400,二者的临界值分别为0.235和0.267,特异性良好,批内、批间变异系数均小于10%,重复性良好,二者ROC曲线下面积分别为0.91和0.93,准确性高。试验结果可为海关、口岸以及出入境检验检疫等部门HeV临床血清学诊断提供技术支撑。

Use of packed-fiber solid-phase extraction for sample clean-up and preconcentration of vitamin B_(12) before determination

A rapid and simple preconcentration step applying packed-fiber solid-phase extraction columns has been investigated to vitamin B12. The extraction performance of the new method was investigated preliminarily on vitamin functional drink. The analysis used a reversed-phase C18 column, with a photo-diode array detector at 220 nm. The samples were preconcentrated with packed-fiber solid-phase extraction columns. Good linearity was observed in vitamin functional drink. The repeatability of extraction performance, expressed as relative standard deviations, was from 3.5% to 4.3%. The limit of detection （LOD） is 5 ng mL^-1 （S/N = 3）. Finally, the method had been applied for the determination of vitamin B12 in vitamin functional drink.

Comparison of simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction for determination of volatile constituents in tobacco flavor

The volatile and semi-volatile components in tobacco flavor additives were extracted by both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. Extraction conditions for solid-phase micro-extraction were optimized with information theory. Then, detection were accomplished by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Characteristic of each method was compared. Qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of 6# tobacco flavor sample were accomplished through both simultaneous distillation extraction and solid-phase micro-extraction. The experimental results show that solid-phase micro-extraction method is the first choice for qualitative analysis and simultaneous distillation extraction is another good selection for quantitative analysis. By means of simultaneous distillation extraction, 20 components are identified, accounting for 92.77% of the total peak areas. Through solid-phase micro-extraction, there are 17 components identified accounting for 91.49% of the total peak areas. The main aromatic components in 6# tobacco flavor sample are propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, menthol and menthyl acetate. The presented method has been successfully used for quality control of tobacco flavor.

Synthesis of a highly hydrophobic cyclic decapeptide by solid-phase synthesis of linear peptide and cyclization in solution

A general method was described to synthesize a highly hydrophobic cyclic peptide,cyclo[LWLWLWLWLQ]where underlines indicate D-configuration of the amino acid,by a two-step solid-phase/solution synthesis strategy.The linear decapeptide was assembled by standard Boc chemistry on solid-phase and subsequently cyclized in solution with high efficiency and reproducibility. In subsequent purification by semi-preparative HPLC,50%(v/v) DMF/H_2O was employed as the solvent to overcome the difficulty of solubilization...