Two decoration techniques, solidification-induced band texture decoration and focal-conic texture decoration, have been established to exhibit the director field of disclinations in a low-molar-mass methacrylate liqui...Two decoration techniques, solidification-induced band texture decoration and focal-conic texture decoration, have been established to exhibit the director field of disclinations in a low-molar-mass methacrylate liquid crystal. The disclinations with strength s=1/2 and s=±1 are observed by the two decoration methods. For the solidification-induced band texture decoration, the molecular orientation is perpendicular to the direction of the band. While for focal-conic texture decoration, it has been proved by the results of IR dichroism that the direction of the director is parallel to the direction of the focal-conic. Therefore, the sketch map of the molecular director filed can be mapped according to the morphological pattern of the solidification-induced band texture or focal-conic texture.展开更多
In the ethyl-cyanoethylcellulose ((E-CE)C)/dichloroacetic acid (DCA) cholesteric liquid crystalline solution, the hand-like texture is formed when the mesophase aggregates with the disk-like texture grow to big enough...In the ethyl-cyanoethylcellulose ((E-CE)C)/dichloroacetic acid (DCA) cholesteric liquid crystalline solution, the hand-like texture is formed when the mesophase aggregates with the disk-like texture grow to big enough and merge with each other with increasing concentration. The band-like texture is composed of parallel equidistant bright and dark alternative strips which are about 0.2-2.0 μm in width. In the band-like texture, the layers of ordered polymer chains are perpendicular to the solution film and the axes of helicoids are parallel to it. The width of the strips is different in different zones. Under the effect of an external magnetic field, the strips in the band-like texture first become wider and then narrower gradually.Moreover, the axes of helicoids in the (E-CE) C/DCA mesomorphic solution change from the direction normal to the magnetic field to the agreement with the magnetic field direction.展开更多
The banded texture in films prepared from nematic poly (1,4-benzamide) (PBA)/H_2SO_4 solution by shearing and without shearing has been studied by using microscopy techniques. The kinetic parameters of banded texture ...The banded texture in films prepared from nematic poly (1,4-benzamide) (PBA)/H_2SO_4 solution by shearing and without shearing has been studied by using microscopy techniques. The kinetic parameters of banded texture formation γ_c and τ_b were measured for nematic solution of PBA by using parallel-plate shearing apparatus. The banded texture was also observed in randomly packed domains for nematic solution of PBA on standing without shearing. The properties of banded texture show no difference between the two samples with or without shearing.展开更多
In this paper,the effect of different annealing processes on the microstructure,texture,and formability of ferritic stainless steel was studied in detail.The results showed that the grain size in the final sheet was l...In this paper,the effect of different annealing processes on the microstructure,texture,and formability of ferritic stainless steel was studied in detail.The results showed that the grain size in the final sheet was larger and the recrystallization texture was more uniform after the final recrystallization annealing of hot-rolled steel with continuous annealing than that without annealing or with batch annealing.In addition,the final sheet had a higher average r-value and the lowest planar anisotropy.展开更多
Commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were rolled by nearly 70% thickness reduction in one rolling pass at 823 K. The results show that ultrafine grains are distributed in both shear bands and surfaces of the rolled ...Commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were rolled by nearly 70% thickness reduction in one rolling pass at 823 K. The results show that ultrafine grains are distributed in both shear bands and surfaces of the rolled sheets. The grain size of the refined grain in the shear bands is 0.4-1 μm. The outstanding grain refinement is attained by dynamic recrystallization due to flow localization. The texture in middle layer of the sheet is basal texture with little change in intensity throughout the rolling process, while the texture on surface becomes a double-peak texture with basal poles splitting in the transverse direction(TD). The relative intensity of the double-peak texture is 26.6, which is quite higher than that of the texture in the middle layer. The inhomogeneous strain distribution is responsible for the exceptional grain refinement and texture evolution.展开更多
The dynamic compression experiments with Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)were performed on AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled sheet specimens in the normal direction(AZ31-ND)with{0002}texture at the temperature of 293-523 ...The dynamic compression experiments with Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)were performed on AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled sheet specimens in the normal direction(AZ31-ND)with{0002}texture at the temperature of 293-523 K and the strain rate of 0.001-2200 s^−1.The temperature term in Johnson-Cook(JC)constitutive model had been reasonably modified.This advantage made constitutive model promising for decribing the dynamic deformation behavior of AZ31-ND with{0002}texture more accurately.The obtained true stress-true plastic strain curves agreed well with the measured results in a wide range of strain rates and temperatures.The thermal softeninging,strain and strain rate hardening effect on the AZ31-ND with{0002}texture were discussed.The adiabatic shear band(ASB)of AZ31-ND with{0002}texture hat shaped specimen was successfully predicted by combining modified JC constitutive model and numerical simulation,which was also validated by Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction(EBSD)map under the same boundary condition.展开更多
BACKGROUND Olympus Corporation has developed texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI)as a novel image-enhancing endoscopic technique.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of TXI in identifying colorectal adenomas usi...BACKGROUND Olympus Corporation has developed texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI)as a novel image-enhancing endoscopic technique.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of TXI in identifying colorectal adenomas using magnifying observation.METHODS Colorectal adenomas were observed by magnified endoscopy using white light imaging(WLI),TXI,narrow band imaging(NBI),and chromoendoscopy(CE).This study adopted mode 1 of TXI.Adenomas were confirmed by histological examination.TXI visibility was compared with the visibility of WLI,NBI,and CE for tumor margin,and vessel and surface patterns of the Japan NBI expert team(JNET)classification.Three expert endoscopists and three non-expert endoscopists evaluated the visibility scores,which were classified as 1,2,3,and 4.RESULTS Sixty-one consecutive adenomas were evaluated.The visibility score for tumor margin of TXI(3.47±0.79)was significantly higher than that of WLI(2.86±1.02,P<0.001),but lower than that of NBI(3.76±0.52,P<0.001),regardless of the endoscopist’s expertise.TXI(3.05±0.79)had a higher visibility score for the vessel pattern of JNET classification than WLI(2.17±0.90,P<0.001)and CE(2.47±0.87,P<0.001),but lower visibility score than NBI(3.79±0.47,P<0.001),regardless of the experience of endoscopists.For the visibility score for the surface pattern of JNET classification,TXI(2.89±0.85)was superior to WLI(1.95±0.79,P<0.01)and CE(2.75±0.90,P=0.002),but inferior to NBI(3.67±0.55,P<0.001).CONCLUSION TXI provided higher visibility than WLI,lower than NBI,and comparable to or higher than CE in the magnified observation of colorectal adenomas.展开更多
Texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI)has been developed as a novel image-enhancing endoscopy.However,the effectiveness of TXI detecting adenomas is inferior to narrow band imaging.Thus,future studies will need to...Texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI)has been developed as a novel image-enhancing endoscopy.However,the effectiveness of TXI detecting adenomas is inferior to narrow band imaging.Thus,future studies will need to focus on investigating the feasibility of such combination in clinical settings in order to provide patients with more accurate diagnoses.展开更多
Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of banded iron formations (BIFs) is characterized by high anisotropy and well-developed bedding-parallel magnetic foliation. Since most previous studies were focused on pala...Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of banded iron formations (BIFs) is characterized by high anisotropy and well-developed bedding-parallel magnetic foliation. Since most previous studies were focused on palaeomagneism of BIFs and BIF-derived iron ores, little effort has been made to further understand this special type of AMS for BIFs. A detailed theoretical analysis, incorporating with the previous experimental data, is made to understand the formative mechanism of this special anisotropy for BIFs. The good consistence between the theoretical and experimental results demonstrates that this type of anisotropy is likely caused by the layered structure of BIFs, and thus verifies the term of textural anisotropy for BIFs. Theoretical analysis also shows that in the negligence of the inter-layer magnetic action BIF’s apparent anisotropy increases with an increase in intrinsic susceptibility of magnetic layers, but decreases with an increase in length-to- diameter ratio of the magnetic layer.展开更多
The effect of hot band annealing processes,namely simulating batch annealing and continuous annealing,on microstructure,texture,grain boundary character and r-value of ferritic stainless steel was investigated.The hot...The effect of hot band annealing processes,namely simulating batch annealing and continuous annealing,on microstructure,texture,grain boundary character and r-value of ferritic stainless steel was investigated.The hot band displayed a highly elongated ribbon-like structure and a pronounced deformation texture.The fully recrystallized grains were observed after continuous annealing while the "typical" hot rolled structure was remained after batch annealing.Also,the α-fibre texture formed during hot rolling almost disappeared after continuous annealing and a weak γ-fibre texture was obtained.By contract,the α-fibre texture remained very stable after batch annealing.After cold rolling and recrystallization annealing,the favorable γ-fibre texture was achieved in the continuous annealed steel.Instead of forming the γ-fibre texture,the recrystallization texture was notably shifted toward {223}〈582〉 in the batch annealed steel.Finally,the improvement in drawability with high r-value and low Δr-value were also displayed in sheet through the initial continuous annealing process.展开更多
Texture evolution in nickel, copper and α-brass that are representative of face-centered-cubic (fcc) materials with different stacking fault energy (SFE) during cold rolling was systematically investigated. X-ray...Texture evolution in nickel, copper and α-brass that are representative of face-centered-cubic (fcc) materials with different stacking fault energy (SFE) during cold rolling was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction techniques were employed to characterize microstructures and local orientation distributions of specimens at different thickness reductions. Besides, Taylor and Schmid factors of the {111} 〈110〉 slip systems and {111} 〈112〉 twin systems for some typical orientations were utilized to explore the relationship between texture evolution and deformation microstructures. It was found that in fcc metals with low SFE at large deformations, the copper-oriented grains rotated around the 〈110〉 crystallographic axis through the brass-R orientation to the Goss orientation, and finally toward the brass orientation. The initiation of shear banding was the dominant mechanism for the above-mentioned texture transition.展开更多
An investigation of Fe-doping effect on SnO_(2) thin films was performed in this study using thermal spray pyrolysis(TSP) method.The surface morphology and structural,optical and electrical properties were studied by ...An investigation of Fe-doping effect on SnO_(2) thin films was performed in this study using thermal spray pyrolysis(TSP) method.The surface morphology and structural,optical and electrical properties were studied by field energy scanning electron microscope(FESEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectroscopy and four-point probe method.FES EM images demonstrate that the surface morphology of the as-deposited films varies when Fe-doping content varies.XRD studies reveal that crystallite size and preferential growth orientations of the films are dependent on Fe-doping concentrations.The grain size is found to decrease with the increase in Fe content.These studies also specify that the films have tetragonal rutile-type structure with mixed secondary phases.The texture coefficient value of(110) plane increases with the concomitant in-plane(220) decrease in higher doping concentrations.The resistivity and the optical absorbance are found to increase with Fe concentration.The direct optical band gap decreases from 3.94 to3.52 eV with increasing Fe content.展开更多
In this study,the high-strength pipe steel,i.e.X80,was heated at 260℃for half an hour followed by air cooling for thermal simulation of pipe coating process.During the uniaxial loading of the specified tension sample...In this study,the high-strength pipe steel,i.e.X80,was heated at 260℃for half an hour followed by air cooling for thermal simulation of pipe coating process.During the uniaxial loading of the specified tension samples,the migration behaviour of Lüders bands and the re-distribution of stress after strain ageing heat treatment were investigated using digital image correlation.Digital image correlation was adopted to characterise the local axial and shear strain fields of samples that were extracted from different locations across the wall thickness of the high-strength pipe steel,and electron backscatter diffraction was used to compare the evolution of crystallographic texture among these locations.Other characterisation methods regarding microstructure and mechanical properties were conducted meanwhile,including optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to accurately define the detailed performances that strain ageing,i.e.being heated to 260℃for half an hour,has led to.The obtained results show that the Lüders band-related microstructure,dislocation density,lattice constant and texture vary at the different locations across the wall thickness and influence the fi nal mechanical properties of the selected high-strength pipe steel.展开更多
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( Grant No. 29925411).
文摘Two decoration techniques, solidification-induced band texture decoration and focal-conic texture decoration, have been established to exhibit the director field of disclinations in a low-molar-mass methacrylate liquid crystal. The disclinations with strength s=1/2 and s=±1 are observed by the two decoration methods. For the solidification-induced band texture decoration, the molecular orientation is perpendicular to the direction of the band. While for focal-conic texture decoration, it has been proved by the results of IR dichroism that the direction of the director is parallel to the direction of the focal-conic. Therefore, the sketch map of the molecular director filed can be mapped according to the morphological pattern of the solidification-induced band texture or focal-conic texture.
基金This work was supported by Academia Sinica Selected Research Program.
文摘In the ethyl-cyanoethylcellulose ((E-CE)C)/dichloroacetic acid (DCA) cholesteric liquid crystalline solution, the hand-like texture is formed when the mesophase aggregates with the disk-like texture grow to big enough and merge with each other with increasing concentration. The band-like texture is composed of parallel equidistant bright and dark alternative strips which are about 0.2-2.0 μm in width. In the band-like texture, the layers of ordered polymer chains are perpendicular to the solution film and the axes of helicoids are parallel to it. The width of the strips is different in different zones. Under the effect of an external magnetic field, the strips in the band-like texture first become wider and then narrower gradually.Moreover, the axes of helicoids in the (E-CE) C/DCA mesomorphic solution change from the direction normal to the magnetic field to the agreement with the magnetic field direction.
文摘The banded texture in films prepared from nematic poly (1,4-benzamide) (PBA)/H_2SO_4 solution by shearing and without shearing has been studied by using microscopy techniques. The kinetic parameters of banded texture formation γ_c and τ_b were measured for nematic solution of PBA by using parallel-plate shearing apparatus. The banded texture was also observed in randomly packed domains for nematic solution of PBA on standing without shearing. The properties of banded texture show no difference between the two samples with or without shearing.
基金funded by Shanghai Youth Science and Technology Development Star Project ( No. 15QB1400200)
文摘In this paper,the effect of different annealing processes on the microstructure,texture,and formability of ferritic stainless steel was studied in detail.The results showed that the grain size in the final sheet was larger and the recrystallization texture was more uniform after the final recrystallization annealing of hot-rolled steel with continuous annealing than that without annealing or with batch annealing.In addition,the final sheet had a higher average r-value and the lowest planar anisotropy.
基金Project(2013CB6322000)supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(2010DFR50010)supported by the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China+1 种基金Project(CSCT2013jcyj C60001)supported by Chongqing Science and Technology Commission,ChinaProject supported by the Sharing Fund of Chongqing University’s Large-scale Equipment,China
文摘Commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were rolled by nearly 70% thickness reduction in one rolling pass at 823 K. The results show that ultrafine grains are distributed in both shear bands and surfaces of the rolled sheets. The grain size of the refined grain in the shear bands is 0.4-1 μm. The outstanding grain refinement is attained by dynamic recrystallization due to flow localization. The texture in middle layer of the sheet is basal texture with little change in intensity throughout the rolling process, while the texture on surface becomes a double-peak texture with basal poles splitting in the transverse direction(TD). The relative intensity of the double-peak texture is 26.6, which is quite higher than that of the texture in the middle layer. The inhomogeneous strain distribution is responsible for the exceptional grain refinement and texture evolution.
基金This work was supported by Surface of the State Natural Science Fund Projects(No.51571145)City of Ningbo“science and technology innovation 2025”major special project(new energy vehicle lightweight magnesium alloy material precision forming technology).
文摘The dynamic compression experiments with Split-Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)were performed on AZ31 magnesium alloy rolled sheet specimens in the normal direction(AZ31-ND)with{0002}texture at the temperature of 293-523 K and the strain rate of 0.001-2200 s^−1.The temperature term in Johnson-Cook(JC)constitutive model had been reasonably modified.This advantage made constitutive model promising for decribing the dynamic deformation behavior of AZ31-ND with{0002}texture more accurately.The obtained true stress-true plastic strain curves agreed well with the measured results in a wide range of strain rates and temperatures.The thermal softeninging,strain and strain rate hardening effect on the AZ31-ND with{0002}texture were discussed.The adiabatic shear band(ASB)of AZ31-ND with{0002}texture hat shaped specimen was successfully predicted by combining modified JC constitutive model and numerical simulation,which was also validated by Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction(EBSD)map under the same boundary condition.
文摘BACKGROUND Olympus Corporation has developed texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI)as a novel image-enhancing endoscopic technique.AIM To investigate the effectiveness of TXI in identifying colorectal adenomas using magnifying observation.METHODS Colorectal adenomas were observed by magnified endoscopy using white light imaging(WLI),TXI,narrow band imaging(NBI),and chromoendoscopy(CE).This study adopted mode 1 of TXI.Adenomas were confirmed by histological examination.TXI visibility was compared with the visibility of WLI,NBI,and CE for tumor margin,and vessel and surface patterns of the Japan NBI expert team(JNET)classification.Three expert endoscopists and three non-expert endoscopists evaluated the visibility scores,which were classified as 1,2,3,and 4.RESULTS Sixty-one consecutive adenomas were evaluated.The visibility score for tumor margin of TXI(3.47±0.79)was significantly higher than that of WLI(2.86±1.02,P<0.001),but lower than that of NBI(3.76±0.52,P<0.001),regardless of the endoscopist’s expertise.TXI(3.05±0.79)had a higher visibility score for the vessel pattern of JNET classification than WLI(2.17±0.90,P<0.001)and CE(2.47±0.87,P<0.001),but lower visibility score than NBI(3.79±0.47,P<0.001),regardless of the experience of endoscopists.For the visibility score for the surface pattern of JNET classification,TXI(2.89±0.85)was superior to WLI(1.95±0.79,P<0.01)and CE(2.75±0.90,P=0.002),but inferior to NBI(3.67±0.55,P<0.001).CONCLUSION TXI provided higher visibility than WLI,lower than NBI,and comparable to or higher than CE in the magnified observation of colorectal adenomas.
文摘Texture and color enhancement imaging(TXI)has been developed as a novel image-enhancing endoscopy.However,the effectiveness of TXI detecting adenomas is inferior to narrow band imaging.Thus,future studies will need to focus on investigating the feasibility of such combination in clinical settings in order to provide patients with more accurate diagnoses.
文摘Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) of banded iron formations (BIFs) is characterized by high anisotropy and well-developed bedding-parallel magnetic foliation. Since most previous studies were focused on palaeomagneism of BIFs and BIF-derived iron ores, little effort has been made to further understand this special type of AMS for BIFs. A detailed theoretical analysis, incorporating with the previous experimental data, is made to understand the formative mechanism of this special anisotropy for BIFs. The good consistence between the theoretical and experimental results demonstrates that this type of anisotropy is likely caused by the layered structure of BIFs, and thus verifies the term of textural anisotropy for BIFs. Theoretical analysis also shows that in the negligence of the inter-layer magnetic action BIF’s apparent anisotropy increases with an increase in intrinsic susceptibility of magnetic layers, but decreases with an increase in length-to- diameter ratio of the magnetic layer.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51704209,U1810208,U1810122)the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Projects,China(No.YDZJSX2021A010)+5 种基金the Projects of International Cooperation in Shanxi Province,China(Nos.201803D421086,201903D421076)Shanxi Province Patent Promotion Implementation Fund,China(No.20200718)the Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi Province,China(No.201802034)Shanxi Province Scientific Facilities and Instruments Shared Service Platform of Magnesium-based Materials Electric Impulse Aided Forming,China(No.201805D141005)Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province,China(Nos.20191102008,20191102007,20181101008)Yantai High-end Talent Introduction“Double Hundred Plan”,China(2021)。
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(50734002)
文摘The effect of hot band annealing processes,namely simulating batch annealing and continuous annealing,on microstructure,texture,grain boundary character and r-value of ferritic stainless steel was investigated.The hot band displayed a highly elongated ribbon-like structure and a pronounced deformation texture.The fully recrystallized grains were observed after continuous annealing while the "typical" hot rolled structure was remained after batch annealing.Also,the α-fibre texture formed during hot rolling almost disappeared after continuous annealing and a weak γ-fibre texture was obtained.By contract,the α-fibre texture remained very stable after batch annealing.After cold rolling and recrystallization annealing,the favorable γ-fibre texture was achieved in the continuous annealed steel.Instead of forming the γ-fibre texture,the recrystallization texture was notably shifted toward {223}〈582〉 in the batch annealed steel.Finally,the improvement in drawability with high r-value and low Δr-value were also displayed in sheet through the initial continuous annealing process.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51101030)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N100702001)
文摘Texture evolution in nickel, copper and α-brass that are representative of face-centered-cubic (fcc) materials with different stacking fault energy (SFE) during cold rolling was systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction techniques were employed to characterize microstructures and local orientation distributions of specimens at different thickness reductions. Besides, Taylor and Schmid factors of the {111} 〈110〉 slip systems and {111} 〈112〉 twin systems for some typical orientations were utilized to explore the relationship between texture evolution and deformation microstructures. It was found that in fcc metals with low SFE at large deformations, the copper-oriented grains rotated around the 〈110〉 crystallographic axis through the brass-R orientation to the Goss orientation, and finally toward the brass orientation. The initiation of shear banding was the dominant mechanism for the above-mentioned texture transition.
文摘An investigation of Fe-doping effect on SnO_(2) thin films was performed in this study using thermal spray pyrolysis(TSP) method.The surface morphology and structural,optical and electrical properties were studied by field energy scanning electron microscope(FESEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis) spectroscopy and four-point probe method.FES EM images demonstrate that the surface morphology of the as-deposited films varies when Fe-doping content varies.XRD studies reveal that crystallite size and preferential growth orientations of the films are dependent on Fe-doping concentrations.The grain size is found to decrease with the increase in Fe content.These studies also specify that the films have tetragonal rutile-type structure with mixed secondary phases.The texture coefficient value of(110) plane increases with the concomitant in-plane(220) decrease in higher doping concentrations.The resistivity and the optical absorbance are found to increase with Fe concentration.The direct optical band gap decreases from 3.94 to3.52 eV with increasing Fe content.
基金financially supported by the BAJC(Baosteel-Australia Joint Research and Development Centre)Project。
文摘In this study,the high-strength pipe steel,i.e.X80,was heated at 260℃for half an hour followed by air cooling for thermal simulation of pipe coating process.During the uniaxial loading of the specified tension samples,the migration behaviour of Lüders bands and the re-distribution of stress after strain ageing heat treatment were investigated using digital image correlation.Digital image correlation was adopted to characterise the local axial and shear strain fields of samples that were extracted from different locations across the wall thickness of the high-strength pipe steel,and electron backscatter diffraction was used to compare the evolution of crystallographic texture among these locations.Other characterisation methods regarding microstructure and mechanical properties were conducted meanwhile,including optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to accurately define the detailed performances that strain ageing,i.e.being heated to 260℃for half an hour,has led to.The obtained results show that the Lüders band-related microstructure,dislocation density,lattice constant and texture vary at the different locations across the wall thickness and influence the fi nal mechanical properties of the selected high-strength pipe steel.