Surface Coating Enabling Sulfide Solid Electrolytes with Excellent Air Stability and Lithium Compatibility

All-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLMBs)featuring sulfide solid electrolytes(SEs)are recognized as the most promising next-generation energy storage technology because of their exceptional safety and much-improved energy density.However,lithium dendrite growth in sulfide SEs and their poor air stability have posed significant obstacles to the advancement of sulfide-based ASSLMBs.Here,a thin layer(approximately 5 nm)of g-C_(3)N_(4)is coated on the surface of a sulfide SE(Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl),which not only lowers the electronic conductivity of Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl but also achieves remarkable interface stability by facilitating the in situ formation of ion-conductive Li3N at the Li/Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl interface.Additionally,the g-C_(3)N_(4)coating on the surface can substantially reduce the formation of H_(2)S when Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl is exposed to humid air.As a result,Li-Li symmetrical cells using g-C_(3)N_(4)-coated Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl stably cycle for 1000 h with a current density of 0.2 mA cm^(-2).ASSLMBs paired with LiNbO_(3)-coated LiNi_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)Co_(0.2)O_(2)exhibit a capacity of 132.8 mAh g^(-1)at 0.1 C and a high-capacity retention of 99.1%after 200 cycles.Furthermore,g-C_(3)N_(4)-coated Li_(6)PS_(5)Cl effectively mitigates the self-discharge behavior observed in ASSLMBs.This surface-coating approach for sulfide solid electrolytes opens the door to the practical implementation of sulfide-based ASSLMBs.

Effect of Na^(+)and Sr^(2+)Substitution on the Formation of the Oxygen Vacancies in Y_(3)Al_(2)Ga_(3)O_(12):Ce^(3+)Phosphor

The low-valence cations Na^(+)and Sr^(2+)were selected as the co-dopants to increase the vacancies concentration in the Y_(2.982)Ce_(0.018)Al_(2)Ga_(3)O_(12)phosphor.The successful incorporation of Na^(+)and Sr^(2+)was confirmed by the X-Ray Difiraction(XRD)results.All the samples show 5d-4f green persistent luminescence of Ce^(3+)after 450 nm excitation.The decay curves demonstrate that the persistent luminescence is efiectively enhanced with Na+and Sr2+doping.The thermoluminescence glow curves also show not only does the trap concentration increase,but also the distribution of trap depths is broadened.In addition,the air-and H_(2)/Ar-annealing treatments were conducted on every as-made sample.The experimental results prove that the increased traps after the Na^(+)/Sr^(2+)doping are mainly attributed to the oxygen vacancies,and the traps have a continuous and broad distribution of trap depths.We hope this work could give new inspiration for designing a high-performance persistent phosphor.

Pressure-induced emission(PIE)in halide perovskites toward promising applications in scintillators and solid-state lighting

High-pressure chemistry has provided a huge boost to the development of scientific community.Pressure-induced emission(PIE)in halide perovskites is gradually showing its unique charm in both pressure sensing and optoelectronic device applications.Moreover,the PIE retention of halide perovskites under ambient conditions is of great commercial value.Herein,we mainly focus on the potential applications of PIE and PIE retention in metal halide perovskites for scintillators and solid-state lighting.Based on the performance requirements of scintillator and single-component white light-emitting diodes(WLEDs),the significance of PIE and PIE retention is critically clarified,aiming to design and synthesize materials used for high-performance optoelectronic devices.This perspective not only demonstrates promising applications of PIE in the fields of scintillators and WLEDs,but also provides potential applications in display imaging and anti-counterfeiting of PIE materials.Furthermore,solving the scientific disputes that exist under ambient conditions is also simply discussed as an outlook by introducing high-pressure dimension to produce PIE.

Interfacial engineering for high-performance garnet-based solid-state lithium batteries

Solid-state batteries represent the future of energy storage technology,offering improved safety and energy density.Garnet-type Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(LLZO)solidstate electrolytes-based solid-state lithium batteries(SSLBs)stand out for their appealingmaterial properties and chemical stability.Yet,their successful deployment depends on conquering interfacial challenges.This review article primarily focuses on the advancement of interfacial engineering for LLZO-based SSLBs.We commence with a concise introduction to solid-state electrolytes and a discussion of the challenges tied to interfacial properties in LLZO-based SSLBs.We deeply explore the correlations between structure and properties and the design principles vital for achieving an ideal electrode/electrolyte interface.Subsequently,we delve into the latest advancements and strategies dedicated to overcoming these challenges,with designated sections on cathode and anode interface design.In the end,we share our insights into the advancements and opportunities for interface design in realizing the full potential of LLZO-based SSLBs,ultimately contributing to the development of safe and high-performance energy storage solutions.

Sodium-ion conducting polymer electrolytes

Almost unlimited reserves and low cost of sodium are accelerating the commercialization of sodiumion batteries.However,serious safety and stability issues,arising mainly from organic liquid electrolytes,hinder further developments of sodium-ion batteries.Polymer electrolytes might be a solution to the safety and stability issues due to the better safety of polymers.Herein,an overview is provided on recent advances in polymer electrolytes for solid-state sodium batteries,including solid polymer electrolytes,composite polymer electrolytes and gel polymer electrolytes.Fundamental properties,ionic conduction mechanisms and promising applications of polymer electrolytes are discussed,and pending challenges and effective solutions are emphasized.Hopefully,this review will promote commercial applications of polymer electrolytes in energy storage systems.

Critical Operation Strategies Toward High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries

Commercial lithium(Li)-ion batteries(LIBs)are approaching their theoretical limits in energy density.As a result,Li metal batteries(LMBs)with either liquid or solid-state electrolytes have been proposed as a next-generation alternative,although they currently pose major safety and stability issues.To resolve these issues,most research has focused on the development and production of novelmaterials and coatings.Although promising performance benchmarks have been achieved,these strategiesmay generate issues for large-scale production,due to the added costs associated with using novel materials and developing the required cell fabrication process and infrastructure.Optimizing external conditions,such as selecting specific cell cycling protocols,testing the cell or synthesizing materials at specific temperatures,testing or fabricating the cell under specific mechanical pressures,etc.,are often overlooked as a means of directly improving battery performance without requiring complex material modifications.In this review,we will discuss how these external parameters can address the key failure mechanisms and challenges in LMBs that use either liquid or solid electrolytes.Similarities and differences in mechanisms(Li+transport,Li dendrite propagation,thermal effects,etc.)observed in liquid and solid-state configurations will also be discussed.Finally,we propose the outstanding scientific and economic gaps in LMBs,thereby providing future directions to explore.