Water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from grapefruit with the method of water-dissolving and ethanol-precipitating. By single factor test and orthogonal experimental method, the extraction conditions of the water...Water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from grapefruit with the method of water-dissolving and ethanol-precipitating. By single factor test and orthogonal experimental method, the extraction conditions of the water-soluble polysaccharide were investigated, which contained liquid-solid ratio, temperature, time and pH. The results showed that pH was the most important factor of polysaccharide extraction, followed by temperature. The optimized extraction technology conditions were obtained. The liquid-solid ratio was 1:40, temperature was 90?C, time was 2.0 h, and pH was 2. The highest extraction rate of crude polysaccharide was 8.30%.展开更多
Carboxymethylpachyman(Ⅰ)was formed by carboxymethylation of β-pachyman.The antitumour activity of carboxymethylpachyman(Ⅰ)against S_(180)、EAC、 MA、U_(14)was measured.The structure of carboxymethylpachyman(Ⅰ)was ...Carboxymethylpachyman(Ⅰ)was formed by carboxymethylation of β-pachyman.The antitumour activity of carboxymethylpachyman(Ⅰ)against S_(180)、EAC、 MA、U_(14)was measured.The structure of carboxymethylpachyman(Ⅰ)was proved by IR ^(13)CNMR spectroscopy.展开更多
A polysaccharide,PS(1),has been isolated from the pollen of papaver somniferum.PS(1)is a highly branched arabinogalactan,which,mainly contains α—L—arabinofuranosyl(1→)and(3,6→1)— β—D—galactopyranosyl residues...A polysaccharide,PS(1),has been isolated from the pollen of papaver somniferum.PS(1)is a highly branched arabinogalactan,which,mainly contains α—L—arabinofuranosyl(1→)and(3,6→1)— β—D—galactopyranosyl residues.We also studied the circular dichroism and immunoactivity of PS(1).展开更多
Encapsulation of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizers by membranes can be used to control the release of nutrients to maximize the fertilization ef fect and reduce environmental pollution.In this research,we formulated ...Encapsulation of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizers by membranes can be used to control the release of nutrients to maximize the fertilization ef fect and reduce environmental pollution.In this research,we formulated a new double-coated controlled-release fertilizer(CRF)by using food-grade microcrystalline wax(MW)and marine polysaccharide derivatives(calcium alginate and chitosan-glutaraldehyde copolymer).The pellets of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer were coated with the marine polysaccharide derivatives and MW.A convenient and eco-friendly method was used to prepare the CRF.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize the morphology and composition of the products.The nitrogen-release properties were determined in water using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The controlled-release properties of the fertilizer were improved dramatically after coating with MW and the marine polysaccharide derivatives.The results show that the double-coated CRFs can release nitrogen in a controlled manner,have excellent controlled-release features,and meet the European Standard for CRFs.展开更多
目的以黄精生品及酒制品中水溶性多糖为研究对象,对两者抗氧化活性进行研究。方法通过水提、醇沉、除蛋白透析得黄精生品水溶性多糖和酒制品水溶性多糖;采用还原力实验、1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、羟基自由基(·OH)及超氧阴离...目的以黄精生品及酒制品中水溶性多糖为研究对象,对两者抗氧化活性进行研究。方法通过水提、醇沉、除蛋白透析得黄精生品水溶性多糖和酒制品水溶性多糖;采用还原力实验、1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、羟基自由基(·OH)及超氧阴离子自由基(·O-2)清除法对其抗氧化活性进行评价;建立Cu^(2+)/H_(2)O_(2)诱导的BSA蛋白损伤模型,评价两者对氧化损伤蛋白的保护作用;建立体外H_(2)O_(2)诱导的RAW264.7细胞氧化损伤模型,对细胞活力、细胞中T-SOD、CAT、GSH酶活力及MDA、ROS含量进行测定,评价两者对氧化损伤细胞的保护作用。结果通过水提醇沉得黄精生品水溶性多糖(Polysaccharides from crude Polygonatum sibiricum,PSPC)和酒制品水溶性多糖(Polysaccharides from wine-processed Polygonatum sibiricum,PSPW)。抗氧化研究结果表明PSPC和PSPW均有一定的还原力、清除DPPH自由基、清除超氧阴离子自由基和清除羟基自由基能力;PSPC和PSPW对Cu^(2+)/H_(2)O_(2)诱导的BSA蛋白损伤有一定的保护作用;PSPC和PSPW对H_(2)O_(2)诱导的RAW264.7细胞活力降低有保护作用,对氧化损伤细胞内T-SOD和GSH酶活力降低有恢复作用,对MDA和ROS升高有抑制作用并呈一定的浓度依赖性,PSPW抗氧化活性均显著强于PSPC(P<0.05)。结论黄精酒制后其水溶性多糖PSPW抗氧化活性增强,PSPW可作为一种潜在天然抗氧化剂,为后续黄精酒制机制深入研究以及黄精多糖保健品开发提供研究基础。展开更多
Exogenous enzymes as alternatives to feed antibiotics in poultry has become an emerging research area with the emergence of antibiotic resistance.The objective was to evaluate the effects of diet medication(antibiotic...Exogenous enzymes as alternatives to feed antibiotics in poultry has become an emerging research area with the emergence of antibiotic resistance.The objective was to evaluate the effects of diet medication(antibiotics)andβ-glucanase(BGase)on digesta solubleβ-glucan depolymerization,carbohydrate fermentation,and performance of coccidiosis-vaccinated broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets.A total of 1,782 broilers were raised on litter floor pens,and each treatment was assigned to 1 pen in each of the9 rooms.The 3 dietary treatments were based on wheat as the sole grain(control,control+medication and control+0.1%BGase),and the birds were fed the respective treatments ad libitum from 0 to 33 d.Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and analyzed as a one-way ANOVA.Beta-glucanase reduced the peak molecular weight,weight average molecular weight(Mw)and maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10%β-glucan molecules(MW-10%)in ileal digesta at d 11and 33,whereas diet medication reduced Mw and MW-10%at d 33 compared to the control(P<0.01).Beta-glucanase and medication reduced the ileal viscosity at d 11 compared to the control(P=0.010).Ileal propionic acid concentration at d 11 and caecal total SCFA,acetic,and butyric acid concentrations at d 33 were lower in the BGase-supplemented diet than in the control(P<0.05).The BGase-added diet had higher duodenal p H compared to the control at d 33(P=0.026).The effect of medication on carbohydrate fermentation was minimal.Diet medication increased weight gain after d 11,whereas BGase increased the gain for the total trial period compared to the control(P<0.001).Feed intake was not affected by the dietary treatment.Medication and BGase improved feed efficiency after d 11 compared to the control(P<0.001).The response to diet medication was larger than BGase,considering weight gain and feed efficiency after d 11(P<0.001).In conclusion,diet medication and BGase depolymerized high molecular weight ileal solubleβ-glucan and increased overall bird performance.Dietary BGase may benefit bird health in broilers fed wheat-based diets without medication.展开更多
文摘Water-soluble polysaccharide was isolated from grapefruit with the method of water-dissolving and ethanol-precipitating. By single factor test and orthogonal experimental method, the extraction conditions of the water-soluble polysaccharide were investigated, which contained liquid-solid ratio, temperature, time and pH. The results showed that pH was the most important factor of polysaccharide extraction, followed by temperature. The optimized extraction technology conditions were obtained. The liquid-solid ratio was 1:40, temperature was 90?C, time was 2.0 h, and pH was 2. The highest extraction rate of crude polysaccharide was 8.30%.
文摘Carboxymethylpachyman(Ⅰ)was formed by carboxymethylation of β-pachyman.The antitumour activity of carboxymethylpachyman(Ⅰ)against S_(180)、EAC、 MA、U_(14)was measured.The structure of carboxymethylpachyman(Ⅰ)was proved by IR ^(13)CNMR spectroscopy.
文摘A polysaccharide,PS(1),has been isolated from the pollen of papaver somniferum.PS(1)is a highly branched arabinogalactan,which,mainly contains α—L—arabinofuranosyl(1→)and(3,6→1)— β—D—galactopyranosyl residues.We also studied the circular dichroism and immunoactivity of PS(1).
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41306071)the CAS STS Program(No.KFJ-SW-STS-143)+1 种基金the NSFC-Shandong Union Project(No.U1406402-5)the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean(Nos.201405038-2,201305016-2)
文摘Encapsulation of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizers by membranes can be used to control the release of nutrients to maximize the fertilization ef fect and reduce environmental pollution.In this research,we formulated a new double-coated controlled-release fertilizer(CRF)by using food-grade microcrystalline wax(MW)and marine polysaccharide derivatives(calcium alginate and chitosan-glutaraldehyde copolymer).The pellets of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer were coated with the marine polysaccharide derivatives and MW.A convenient and eco-friendly method was used to prepare the CRF.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)were used to characterize the morphology and composition of the products.The nitrogen-release properties were determined in water using UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The controlled-release properties of the fertilizer were improved dramatically after coating with MW and the marine polysaccharide derivatives.The results show that the double-coated CRFs can release nitrogen in a controlled manner,have excellent controlled-release features,and meet the European Standard for CRFs.
文摘目的以黄精生品及酒制品中水溶性多糖为研究对象,对两者抗氧化活性进行研究。方法通过水提、醇沉、除蛋白透析得黄精生品水溶性多糖和酒制品水溶性多糖;采用还原力实验、1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、羟基自由基(·OH)及超氧阴离子自由基(·O-2)清除法对其抗氧化活性进行评价;建立Cu^(2+)/H_(2)O_(2)诱导的BSA蛋白损伤模型,评价两者对氧化损伤蛋白的保护作用;建立体外H_(2)O_(2)诱导的RAW264.7细胞氧化损伤模型,对细胞活力、细胞中T-SOD、CAT、GSH酶活力及MDA、ROS含量进行测定,评价两者对氧化损伤细胞的保护作用。结果通过水提醇沉得黄精生品水溶性多糖(Polysaccharides from crude Polygonatum sibiricum,PSPC)和酒制品水溶性多糖(Polysaccharides from wine-processed Polygonatum sibiricum,PSPW)。抗氧化研究结果表明PSPC和PSPW均有一定的还原力、清除DPPH自由基、清除超氧阴离子自由基和清除羟基自由基能力;PSPC和PSPW对Cu^(2+)/H_(2)O_(2)诱导的BSA蛋白损伤有一定的保护作用;PSPC和PSPW对H_(2)O_(2)诱导的RAW264.7细胞活力降低有保护作用,对氧化损伤细胞内T-SOD和GSH酶活力降低有恢复作用,对MDA和ROS升高有抑制作用并呈一定的浓度依赖性,PSPW抗氧化活性均显著强于PSPC(P<0.05)。结论黄精酒制后其水溶性多糖PSPW抗氧化活性增强,PSPW可作为一种潜在天然抗氧化剂,为后续黄精酒制机制深入研究以及黄精多糖保健品开发提供研究基础。
文摘Exogenous enzymes as alternatives to feed antibiotics in poultry has become an emerging research area with the emergence of antibiotic resistance.The objective was to evaluate the effects of diet medication(antibiotics)andβ-glucanase(BGase)on digesta solubleβ-glucan depolymerization,carbohydrate fermentation,and performance of coccidiosis-vaccinated broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets.A total of 1,782 broilers were raised on litter floor pens,and each treatment was assigned to 1 pen in each of the9 rooms.The 3 dietary treatments were based on wheat as the sole grain(control,control+medication and control+0.1%BGase),and the birds were fed the respective treatments ad libitum from 0 to 33 d.Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and analyzed as a one-way ANOVA.Beta-glucanase reduced the peak molecular weight,weight average molecular weight(Mw)and maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10%β-glucan molecules(MW-10%)in ileal digesta at d 11and 33,whereas diet medication reduced Mw and MW-10%at d 33 compared to the control(P<0.01).Beta-glucanase and medication reduced the ileal viscosity at d 11 compared to the control(P=0.010).Ileal propionic acid concentration at d 11 and caecal total SCFA,acetic,and butyric acid concentrations at d 33 were lower in the BGase-supplemented diet than in the control(P<0.05).The BGase-added diet had higher duodenal p H compared to the control at d 33(P=0.026).The effect of medication on carbohydrate fermentation was minimal.Diet medication increased weight gain after d 11,whereas BGase increased the gain for the total trial period compared to the control(P<0.001).Feed intake was not affected by the dietary treatment.Medication and BGase improved feed efficiency after d 11 compared to the control(P<0.001).The response to diet medication was larger than BGase,considering weight gain and feed efficiency after d 11(P<0.001).In conclusion,diet medication and BGase depolymerized high molecular weight ileal solubleβ-glucan and increased overall bird performance.Dietary BGase may benefit bird health in broilers fed wheat-based diets without medication.
