A convenient synthesis of pyrroles catalyzed by acidic resin under solvent-free condition

A convenient and effective Paal-Knorr condensations of 2,5-hexanedione with most amines have been carried out at room temperature under solvent-free condition.Macroporous strongly acidic styrol resin(D001) as a novel,efficient,cost-effective,and reusable solid acid catalyst for the synthesis of pyrroles under the same conditions.The pyrroles were obtained in high yields in short reaction times.

Bio-Based Hyperbranched Toughener From Tannic Acid and Its Enhanced Solvent-Free Epoxy Resin with High Performance

It is essential to design economic and efficient tougheners to prepare high-performance epoxy resin;however,this has remained a huge challenge.Herein,an eco-friendly,low-cost,and facile-fabricated bio-based hyperbranched toughener,carboxylic acid-functionalized tannic acid(CATA),was successfully prepared and applicated to the preparation of solvent-free epoxy resins.The mechanical performance,morphology,structural characterization,and thermal characterization of toughened epoxy resin system were studied.The toughened epoxy resin system with only 1.0wt%CATA reached the highest impact strength,111%higher than the neat epoxy resin system.Notably,the tensile strength and elongation at break of toughened epoxy resin systems increased moderately with increasing CATA loading.Nonphase-separated hybrids with significant toughening effect were obtained.Additionally,the thermal stabilities of toughened epoxy resin systems decreased with increasing CATA loading.This study provides an eco-friendly,cost-effective,and facile approach for the preparation of high-performance,solvent-free epoxy resins with potential for practical applications in sealing integrated circuits and electrical devices fields.

Adsorption-extraction mechanism of heavy rare earth by Cyanex272-P507 impregnated resin

Instrument of IR spectrometer and methods of saturation, equimolar series change and slope were applied to study the extraction mechanism of Cyanex272-P507 impregnated resin for heavy rare earths from hydrochloric acid solution. The results show that the molar ratio of Cyanex272-P507 to rare earth in the extraction complex is 3. Chlorine ions do not participate in coordination. The extraction reaction can be expressed as RE3＋（a） ＋ 3-HA（r） ＋ 3/2HL（r）= [REA3/2L3/2]（r） ＋ 3H＋（a） （where HA represents 2 2 Cyanex272 and HL represents P507）. The synergic extractant formed in extraction chromatography is in a form ofmonopolymer and with a chemical structure of REA3/2L3/2.

Extraction of cerium(Ⅳ) using tributyl phosphate impregnated resin from nitric acid medium

Tributyl phosphate （TBP） solvent was used for impregnation into Amberlite XAD-16 nonionic polymeric resin beads using the wet method to prepare solvent impregnated resin （SIR）. Undiluted TBP in a ratio to the resin support （volume to mass） of 6.0 at room temperature （RT） in 24 h was impregnated the resin with a mass ratio of 1.944, while the prepared gross sample of SIR at the ratio of solvent to resin of 3.0 was impregnated with a mass ratio of 1.88. Cerium（Ⅳ） oxide concentrate, prepared from crude Egyptian monazite sand, containing 37% cerium, 1.6% thorium and about 40% the other trivalent rare earth oxides, was used to prepare cerium（Ⅳ） nitrate solution for extraction using the prepared SIR. The impregnated resin was satisfactory for Ce（Ⅳ） extraction from nitric acid medium at room temperature. Cerium loading capacity of the impregnated resin reached 95.6% of the calculated theoretical capacity （173 g/kg （Ce/SIR）） under the conditions of 51.57 g/L cerium and 2.48 g/L thorium, 5.0 mol/L free nitric acid, solution to resin ratio of 10.0 and contacting the phases for 5.0 min. The loading capacity reached 98.75% when cerium concentration was increased to 91.43 g/L under the same conditions.

Impregnated Paper-Based Decorative Laminates Prepared from Lignin-Substituted Phenolic Resins

High Pressure Laminates(HPL)panels consist of stacks of self-gluing paper sheets soaked with phenol-formaldehyde(PF)resins.An important requirement for such PFs is that they must rapidly penetrate and saturate the paper pores.Partially substituting phenol with bio-based phenolic chemicals like lignin changes the physico-chemical properties of the resin and affects its ability to penetrate the paper.In this study,PF formulations containing different proportions of lignosulfonate and kraft lignin were used to prepare paper-based laminates.The penetration of a Kraft paper sheet was characterized by a recently introduced,new device measuring the conductivity between both sides of the paper sheet after a drop of resin was placed on the surface and allowed to penetrate the sheet.The main target value measured was the time required for a specific resin to completely penetrate the defined paper sample(“penetration time”).This penetration time generally depends on the molecular weight distribution,the flow behavior and the polarity of the resin which in turn are dependent on the manufacturing conditions of the resin.In the present study,the influences of the three process factors:(1)type of lignin material used for substitution,(2)lignin modification by phenolation and(3)degree of phenol substitution on the penetration times of various lignin-phenolic hybrid impregnation resins were studied using a complete twolevel three-factorial experimental design.Thin laminates made with the resins diluted in methanol were mechanically tested in terms of tensile and flexural strains,and their cross-sections were studied by light microscopy.

Effect of Natural Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite Using Resin Impregnation

In this paper, we deals with mechanical performance of resin impregnation with natural fiber and fiber reinforced composites. The effect of the addition of a rein impregnation process on static strength of the injection molded composites was investigated by carrying out tensile and banding tests, followed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of fiber surface and fracture surface of composites. The tensile strength of natural fiber and natural fiber reinforced composites with resin impregnation method increases with Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) impregnation. In addition, Phenol resin impregnation recovers fiber tensile strength after alkali treatment. Resin impregnation causes decrease in contact surface area;however, it does not cause decrease in mechanical properties. Our results suggest that the using rein impregnation method has better effect on the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced Polypropylene (PP) composites.

Influence of Pre-Impregnation Treatment on Bamboo Reinforced Epoxy/UPE Resin Composites

Bamboo based biocomposites were made with woven bamboo mats and epoxy/unsaturated polyester (UPE) resins. The effects of pre-impregnation on the mechanical and water resistant properties of composites were studied. An alkaline treatment was used to enhance the fiber wetting so as to achieve complete pre-impregnation with epoxy and unsaturated polyester resins. A combined treatment of alkali and dilute epoxy/polyester gives the best result. Bending strength, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, tensile modulus, impact strength, water absorption were evaluated and compared for all composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies of the composites tensile fracture surface also indicated that there is an improved adhesion between fiber and matrix. The mechanical as well as water resistant properties of the biocomposites improved after pre-impregnation treatment.

Model to Study Resin Impregnation Process of Premix Made of Friction Spun Core Yarn

A model was deveIoped to investigate impregnation behavior of thermoplastic resin into filament bundle based on Darcy's law. Consolidation processes of unidirectional laminate were performed to evaluate the validity of the model. Friction spun core yarns were used in the experiments with polypropylene fiber sheath and glass filament core. The processing conditions, such as temperature and pressure, and filament parameters were taken into consideration. A good agreement was found between theoretical prediction and experiment data.

Separation of Tb^(3+) , Dy^(3+) , Ho^(3+) , Er^( 3+) with Solvent Impregnated Resins Containing Di-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) Phosphinic Acid

Solvent impregnated resins (SIR) with di (2,4,4 trimethylpentyl)phosphinic acid (Cyanex 571) were studied by adsorption of the extractant into Amberlite XAD 4; XAD 7; XAD 1180 polymeric adsorbents. The results shas that Cyanex 571/XAD 7 impregnated resins containing extractant of 0 35～0 45 g·g -1 resin have a favorable extractive activity in HCl medium. The rare earths (Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ , Ho 3+ , Er 3+ ) are separated by using SIR as the column stationary phase. The better separation effect is obtained at lower load and slower elution rate.

Resin Content Monitoring Technique for Film Impregnation Process

βray online monitoring technique for resin content measurement has been developed, which is characterized by simple operation, short measuring time, and high measuring accuracy. It has been used to measure the resin content of pregreg tapes during manufacturing of them. This paper gives the measuring results. Meanwhile, the effects of the deviation of the βray monitoring system itself and the variation of the release paper on the measuring accuracy have been analyzed and discussed.

Study of Maleic Anhydride Grafted Polypropylene Effect on Resin Impregnated Bamboo Fiber Polypropylene Composit

Previously, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) and phenolic resin were used for resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced PP composites which was manufactures for resin impregnated bamboo fiber with polypropylene (PP). Resin impregnation method can show improvement on tensile strength of fiber. However, to reduce the contact surface area and low inter-facial shear strength (IFSS) between impregnated resin and matrix, using 40% weight fraction of bamboo fiber in PP matrix, PVA impregnated composites with mean flexural and tensile strength 10% higher than untreated composites were produced butphenolic resin impregnated fiber reinforced composition’s mechanical properties were decreased. In this study maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was used to increase interfacial shear strength between resin impregnated fiber and PP. With 10% MAPP, IFSS between resin impregnated fiber and PP increased more than 100% and reinforced composites. MAPP with untreated, phenolic resin and PVA impregnated cases showed similar mechanical properties. Yet in water absorption test, the PVA treatment with bamboo/PP composites increased water absorption ratio. But with 10% MAPP, matrix PP water absorption ratio decreased like phenolic resin impregnated fiber reinforced composites. 10% MAPP with resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced PP composites can improve IFSS, mechanical properties of composite and can decrease water absorption PVA resin impregnated bamboo fiber reinforced composites.

Investigation of electrical performance of impregnation resin material for superconducting magnet

With the development of superconducting technology, the electrical performance of insulating materials is drawing increasing concern. This paper is devoted to investigating resin materials and aims to test the resin requirements of impregnating procedures and design curing molds. First, the samples are prepared, and then the power-frequency breakdown, lighting surges, relative dielectric constant, and loss angle tangent of the impregnation resin are measured at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature. We also present the testing reference for cryogenic and high-voltage insulating materials of superconducting power devices.

Recovery of Heavy Metal Using Solvent Impregnated Resin (SIR) Coupled with Donnan Dialysis

A membrane process for metal recovery from aqueous solutions was studied. Metal ions diffused from the feed compartment to the stripping compartment through an hybrid Donnan dialysis which consists to combine two ion exchange membranes with solvent impregnated resin (SIR). The aim of this work is to study the recovery of Pb(II), Ag(I) and Cu(II) from nitrate solutions by using SIR combined with classical Donnan dialysis. The resin has been prepared by impregnating the Amberlite XAD-4 using three different extractants namely: di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphine acide (D2EHPA), tris-octyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) and Diphenylthiourea (DPT). Experiments were performed as a function of nature of the extractant impregnated on the XAD-4 resin as well as the concentration in the resin phase, the stripping pH, the concentration ratio of metal ions in the feed compartment and the nature of the counter ions in strip compartment. The results show that the D2EHPA is the better extractant for the metal ions used in this work, and it’s shown a good selectivity for the separation between ions.

P507溶剂浸渍树脂吸附Ga(Ⅲ)的性能研究

溶剂浸渍树脂(SIRs)分离法兼具溶剂萃取与离子交换两种分离方法的优点,且树脂制备简单,可根据实际情况灵活选用不同的载体和萃取剂,有望实现镓绿色、高效的分离回收。本文以苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯大孔吸附树脂(代号:HZ818)为载体、2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯(代号:P507)为萃取剂,制备P507 SIRs,研究了该SIRs在H 2SO 4体系中吸附Ga(Ⅲ)的性能。静态吸附实验表明:298 K时,P507 SIRs对Ga(Ⅲ)的最佳吸附pH值为3.3,对应吸附量为13.7 mg·g^(-1);吸附平衡时间为14 h,动力学吸附过程可用拟二级动力学方程描述;等温吸附均符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。动态吸附实验表明:低流速有利于P507 SIRs对Ga(Ⅲ)充分吸附;1.5 mol·L^(-1)的HCl可以将吸附于P507 SIRs上的Ga(Ⅲ)完全洗脱;P507 SIRs对Ga(Ⅲ)循环吸附稳定性能有待提高。在Ga(Ⅲ)-Zn(Ⅱ)、Ga(Ⅲ)-Cu(Ⅱ)二元混合体系中,P507 SIRs对Ga(Ⅲ)具有较好的吸附选择性,通过控制溶液pH值可以实现Ga(Ⅲ)的分离富集;在含Fe(Ⅲ)的Ga(Ⅲ)-Fe(Ⅲ)二元体系和Ga(Ⅲ)-Zn(Ⅱ)-Cu(Ⅱ)-Fe(Ⅲ)多元体系中,P507 SIRs对Fe(Ⅲ)表现出较好的吸附选择性,而对Ga(Ⅲ)吸附甚微,表明Fe(Ⅲ)的存在对P507 SIRs吸附Ga(Ⅲ)产生较大干扰。

塑胶跑道用超细纤维聚氨酯合成革的制备及性能测试

为改善塑胶跑道综合应用性能,优化超细纤维聚氨酯合成革物理机械性能,本文由聚氨酯树脂含浸无纺布制备了超细纤维聚氨酯合成革,并对其力学性能与卫生性能进行了测试表征。结果发现,随着聚氨酯浸渍率增加,超细纤维聚氨酯合成革基布表观密度增大,密实程度提高,而压缩弹性率先增加后减少;随着聚氨酯浸渍率增加,超细纤维聚氨酯合成革基布剥离强度逐渐升高,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率皆呈现先降低后升高再降低的曲线形态,而撕裂强度则表现为先降低后升高的态势;随着聚氨酯浸渍率增加,超细纤维聚氨酯合成革基布透气性与透水汽性持续性下降;超细纤维聚氨酯合成革基布的干擦与湿擦色牢度均可达到5,而于氢氧化钠溶液中不溶色,表明基布耐碱性良好。

汽车机油滤纸耐高温性能的研究综述

机油滤纸主要用于去除机油中的粉尘和杂质,是机油滤清器的重要组成部分,通常在高温、高压的条件下使用,需要具备良好的耐高温性能。本文综述了耐高温型机油滤纸的制备方法,总结了经常使用的耐高温纤维、阻燃剂以及浸渍树脂的特点,并且对耐高温环保型机油滤纸的发展前景进行了简要介绍。

欧洲桦木树脂浸渍材的干燥特性及干燥基准制定

利用百度试验法测定分析了脲醛树脂浸渍处理欧洲桦木的干燥特性,并初步拟订了其干燥基准。结果表明:欧洲桦木树脂浸渍材的初期开裂、截面变形以及扭曲变形程度相对于欧洲桦木素材分别下降了12.1%、52.9%以及40%。树脂浸渍材的干缩率明显低于素材,而差异干缩比值则略大于素材。树脂浸渍材含水率从30%降到5%所用时间为素材的近2倍。根据干燥特性的相关数据,给出了欧洲桦木树脂浸渍材的参考干燥基准。

芳纶树脂液浸渍协同冷压光制备高强度间位芳纶纸的研究

本研究提出了一种采用同质同源的芳纶树脂液浸渍协同冷压光制备间位芳纶纸的新工艺,芳纶树脂液中的强极性分子使间位芳纶纤维发生部分润胀和溶解。同时,形成的再生芳纶聚合物可以填充孔隙,且在压力作用下,纤维接触面积显著增加,产生更多氢键结合,纸张结构致密性和物理性能得到进一步提升。结合响应面法,以干燥时间、干燥温度和冷压光压力为自变量,以拉伸强度和击穿强度为响应值,对工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,干燥时间2.1 min、干燥温度79.8℃、冷压光压力17.27 MPa的最优条件下制备的间位芳纶纸,其拉伸强度、杨氏模量和击穿强度分别为36.93 MPa、887.13 MPa和16.42 kV/mm,与热压工艺制得的间位芳纶纸相比,分别提高了119%、127%和4%。

特高压直流套管气-固界面长时闪络放电特性及其影响因素

胶浸纸(resin-impregnated paper,RIP)干式套管内部的SF_(6)气体与环氧树脂浸纸电容芯体组成的气-固界面是套管内部易发生放电的绝缘薄弱点。该文搭建闪络放电特性实验平台,测试套管环氧浸纸试样和芯体模型在不同表面状态、微粒影响下的表面电荷分布,揭示多种因素对表面电场及闪络特性的影响机制。同时,对套管芯体缺陷试样长时局部放电至闪络放电发展过程进行试验验证。结果表明:高压侧区域套管气-固界面存在高分散性的纤维凸起,运行过程中吸附微粒,在直流电压作用下电荷积聚和电场畸变引发微弱起始局部放电;长期的电压作用使电荷积聚加剧,电场畸变程度进一步增大,局部放电频次和幅值逐步增加,最终导致贯穿性闪络放电。该研究可为胶浸纸套管芯子表面处理工艺的优化,以及长期直流下闪络放电的抑制措施的制定提供理论和实验依据。

GB/T 26749-2022《碳纤维 浸胶纱拉伸性能的测定》标准解读及精密度研究

对GB/T 26749-2022《碳纤维浸胶纱拉伸性能的测定》修订背景进行了说明,并对修订的主要内容包括范围、原理、试样制备和要求、试验以及数据处理进行了详细的解读,以便于标准的推广和应用。同时介绍了12k碳纤维循环比对试验情况,给出了测试方法的重复性和再现性,丰富了拉伸性能试验方法的精密度。