催眠睡茄的离体快繁及四倍体的诱导

以催眠睡茄腋芽为外植体建立快繁体系,利用秋水仙素进行催眠睡茄四倍体诱导,并将其与二倍体进行了初步的形态学和细胞学方面的比较。结果发现:催眠睡茄二倍体(2n=2×=48)最适增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L;生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/L;四倍体(2n=4×=96)诱导率因秋水仙素浓度和处理时间的不同而异,其中用0.5%的秋水仙素对丛生芽浸泡处理48h诱导率最高,诱导率可达13.79%。四倍体与二倍体相比:叶片明显变厚,颜色加深,叶片气孔及其保卫细胞大小增大,气孔密度减小,且保卫细胞内叶绿体数目增加。

NaCl胁迫对醋栗番茄、樱桃番茄和番茄幼苗生长、叶片气体交换和离子平衡的影响

以醋栗番茄(Solanum pimpinellifolium Linn.)、樱桃番茄品种‘秦皇贵妃红’(S.lycopersicum var.cerasiforme‘Qinhuangguifeihong’)和番茄品种‘浙粉202’(S.lycopersicum‘Zhefen 202’)幼苗为材料,研究了0(对照)、100、200mmol·L-1Na Cl胁迫对其生长、叶片气体交换参数和离子平衡的影响。结果表明:在100和200 mmol·L-1Na Cl胁迫下,‘秦皇贵妃红’和‘浙粉202’幼苗单株总干质量的降幅较大,醋栗番茄的降幅较小。Na Cl胁迫明显增加醋栗番茄幼苗的根冠比,但不同胁迫条件下‘秦皇贵妃红’和‘浙粉202’幼苗的根冠比差异不显著。与对照相比,在100mmol·L-1Na Cl胁迫下,醋栗番茄幼苗叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和蒸腾速率(Tr)的降幅明显低于‘秦皇贵妃红’和‘浙粉202’,而醋栗番茄幼苗叶片气孔导度(Gs)的降幅明显高于后二者;在200 mmol·L-1Na Cl胁迫下,三者叶片Pn、Gs、Ci和Tr值的降幅接近。在100和200 mmol·L-1Na Cl胁迫下,醋栗番茄、‘秦皇贵妃红’和‘浙粉202’幼苗叶片的水分利用效率和气孔限制值均较各自对照显著升高,其中‘秦皇贵妃红’的增幅最大。在100和200 mmol·L-1Na Cl胁迫下,醋栗番茄、‘秦皇贵妃红’和‘浙粉202’幼苗根、茎和叶中Na+含量均较各自对照显著升高,而K+含量和K+/Na+比总体上较各自对照显著降低。与对照相比,经不同浓度Na Cl处理后醋栗番茄幼苗根、茎和叶的Na+含量增幅以及K+含量降幅在供试3种植物中均最小,而其不同部位的K+/Na+比总体上较高。上述研究结果表明:醋栗番茄的耐盐性较强,‘秦皇贵妃红’次之,‘浙粉202’较弱。Na Cl胁迫显著抑制‘秦皇贵妃红’和‘浙粉202’幼苗根的生长,但显著促进醋栗番茄幼苗根的生长,使其维持较强的耐盐性,且Na Cl胁迫下醋栗番茄对Na+的吸收和运输减少,以维持体内的离子平衡及较强的光合作用。

两种野生寄主对马铃薯甲虫繁殖策略及后代生长发育的影响

为明确野生寄主植物对马铃薯甲虫种群繁殖及生长发育方面的影响,本研究比较了天仙子、刺萼龙葵2种野生寄主对马铃薯甲虫产卵量、孵化率、发育历期以及种群生命参数的影响。结果表明:取食不同寄主植物的马铃薯甲虫产卵量和孵化率均有显著差异(P<0.05),卵期无显著差异(P>0.05),取食天仙子的雌虫产卵量显著低于取食马铃薯和刺萼龙葵雌虫产卵量;1龄幼虫的存活率有显著性差异(P<0.05),取食天仙子的雌虫的下一代1龄幼虫存活率显著低于其他寄主植物1龄幼虫;取食不同寄主植物的下一代马铃薯甲虫种群净增值率(R 0)、内禀增长率(r m)、周限增长率(λ)都有显著差异(P<0.05),世代平均周期(T)无显著性差异(P>0.05);取食天仙子的马铃薯甲虫下一代种群净增值率(R 0)、内禀增长率(r m)、周限增长率(λ)显著小于取食马铃薯、刺萼龙葵的下一代种群。由此可知,天仙子作为马铃薯甲虫野生过渡寄主植物,对马铃薯甲虫种群繁殖策略的作用弱于马铃薯和刺萼龙葵。在马铃薯甲虫前沿分布区,应进一步加强对刺萼龙葵野生寄主的铲除,防止马铃薯甲虫种群进一步扩散,保障马铃薯产业健康发展和粮食安全。

Jatonik polyherbal mixture induced rat liver MMPT pore opening in normal Wistar rat:In vitro and in vivo studies

Objective:To assess acute toxicity,the in vitro and in vivo effects of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts(JME and JEE)of Jatonik polyherbal mixture on some mitochondria-related parameters and their effect on the activity of some liver enzymes.Methods:Acute toxicity of JME and JEE was determined using Lorke’s method.In vitro and in vivo opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore(MMPT pore)was spectrophotometrically assayed.Production of malondialdehyde(MDA)as an index of lipid peroxidation and the activity of mitochondrial ATPase was evaluated in vitro and in vivo and the effect of JME and JEE on the activity of liver enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase(ALP),aspartate and alanine aminotransferase(AST and ALT)and gamma-glutamyl transferase(GGT)was also investigated.Results:JME had an LD_(50) of 3808 mg/kg b.w whereas JEE had an LD_(50) greater than 5000 mg/kg b.w.of rats.After the rats have been fed with both extracts,a photomicrograph of a piece of liver tissue showed no apparent symptoms of toxicity.From the in vitro and in vivo studies,both extracts prompted intact mitochondria to open their MMPT pores.When compared to the control,lipid peroxide product release and ATPase activity were significantly increased(P<0.05)in vitro and in vivo.The activities of AST,ALT,and GGT were all reduced at 50 mg/kg when treated with JME,but the activity of AST was considerably enhanced when treated with JEE(P<0.05).The results revealed that both JME and JEE of the Jatonik polyherbal mixture had low toxicity,profound MMPTpore induction,and enhanced ATPase activity,but an increased MDA production.Conclusion:Jatonik extracts may be a promising target for drug development in diseases where there is dysregulation of apoptosis,however,further studies are needed to better clarify the molecular mechanism involved in these phenomena.

Dual inhibition of COVID-19 spike glycoprotein and main protease 3CLpro by Withanone from Withania somnifera

Objective:To identify the safe and effective natural inhibitors of spike glycoprotein and main protease 3CLpro using potential natural antiviral compounds which are studied under various animal models and viral cell lines.Methods:First,compounds were retrieved from the Pub Chem database and predicted for their druggability using the Mol Soft web server,and compounds having drug-like property were predicted for major adverse drug reactions like cardiotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,arrhythmia,myocardial infarction,and nephrotoxicity using ADVERpred.Docking of nontoxic antiviral compounds with spike glycoprotein and main protease 3CLpro was performed using Auto Dock vina by PyRx 0.8 version.The stability of compoundprotein interactions was checked by molecular dynamic(MD)simulation using Schrodinger Desmond software.Results:Based on the druggable and nontoxic profile,nine compounds were selected.Among them,Withanone from Withania somnifera showed the highest binding affinity and best fit at active sites 1 of spike glycoprotein(glycosylation site)and main protease 3CLpro via interacting with active site amino acid residues before and after MD simulation at 50 ns.Withanone,which may reduce the glycosylation of SARS-CoV-2 via interacting with Asn343 and inhibit viral replication.Conclusion:The current study reports Withanone as a non-toxic antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and serve as a potential lead hit for further experimental validation.