Effects of Sonic Waves at Different Frequencies on Propagation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa

[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of sound wave on propagation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to explore the optimal frequency for Chlorella pyrenoidosa.[Method] In the research,Chlorella pyrenoidosa was cultured for 7 d with sound waves at different frequencies and a control group was set to study effects of sound wave at different frequencies on growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa.[Result] Growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was significantly improved by sound wave,especially for wave at 400 Hz.[Conclusion] Chlorella pyrenoidosa propagation would be promoted by sound wave at certain frequencies.

Blasting cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass based on sonic wave measurement

The principle of sonic wave measurement was introduced, and cumulative damage effects of underground engineering rock mass under blasting load were studied by in situ test, using RSM-SY5 intelligent sonic wave apparatus. The blasting test was carried out for ten times at some tunnels of Changba Lead-Zinc Mine. The damage depth of surrounding rock caused by old blasting excavation （0.8-1.2 m） was confirmed. The relation between the cumulative damage degree and blast times was obtained. The results show that the sonic velocity decreases gradually with increasing blast times, hut the damage degree （D） increases. The damage cumulative law is non-linear. The damage degree caused by blast decreases with increasing distance, and damage effects become indistinct. The blasting damage of rock mass is anisotropic. The damage degree of rock mass within charging range is maximal. And the more the charge is, the more severe the damage degree of rock mass is. The test results provide references for researches of mechanical parameters of rock mass and dynamic stability analysis of underground chambers.

Effects of wave propagation anisotropy on the wave focusing by negative refractive sonic crystal flat lenses

In this study, wave propagation anisotropy in a triangular lattice crystal structure and its associated waveform shaping in a crystal structure are investigated theoretically. A directional variation in wave velocity inside a crystal structure is shown to cause bending wave envelopes. The authors report that a triangular lattice sonic crystal possesses six numbers of a high symmetry direction, which leads to a wave convergence caused by wave velocity anisotropy inside the crystal. However, two of them are utilized mostly in wave focusing by an acoustic fiat lens. Based on wave velocity anisotropy, the pseudo ideal imaging effect obtained in the second band of the flat lens is discussed.

地下煤火分维—分级探测预警技术研究

为实现煤自燃隐蔽火源的高效监测预警和防治,本文对地下煤火分维—分级探测预警技术展开研究。首先,揭示煤自燃受热升温及燃烧过程的煤自燃的电磁—声波—温—气变化特征,形成电磁—声波—氡气—红外多维探测方法,实现井上井下联合多维探测应用;其次,根据大尺寸煤自燃指标气体产生规律,建立基于正压输运的煤自燃监测预警体系,实现地下煤自燃发火的分级精准预警;最后,依据复杂区域综放面煤层自燃发火特点、影响因素及变化规律,提出复杂开采煤自燃灾害综合防治技术体系。研究成果可为井下煤自燃灾害预警防治提供依据与参考。

声波法测试玻璃纤维杨氏模量

声波法是一种无损检测玻璃材料模量的方法,但对被测样品的形状、尺寸等有所限制。在测试玻璃纤维模量时,声波法会因发射信号的传递效率、接收灵敏度以及样品的差异性等因素影响测试结果。通过调整声波振动的频率和纱线的纤维数量,研究声波法测试玻璃纤维模量的可行性。结果表明,波频增高后(5 kHz),经过玻璃纤维的信号强度减弱;200 Hz的振动波具有良好的精度(变异系数≤3.73%),以及拟合优度(R^(2)=0.9999)。此外,通过与拉伸法对比,发现测试结果均保持一致性:随着纱线纤维数量的增加,弹性模量下降,且单丝的弹性模量高于复丝的弹性模量。该研究可为纤维材料模量的无损检测提供参考。

基于声波测井资料的波动方程走时层析反演速度建模

地震勘探目标逐渐由浅层(<2000 m)转向中深层(2000~3500 m),高精度速度建模是实现精确地震成像的关键手段之一.目前,初至波或早至波速度层析建模方法已较为成熟,然而对深层速度建模更为重要的反射波层析建模方法依然面临走时拾取困难及计算量大等难题.针对当前中深层走时层析速度建模方法面临的难题,本文提出了一种基于声波测井资料的波动方程全波走时层析速度建模方法及策略.该方法首先通过早至波层析反演获得浅层及大尺度速度信息;其次,通过提取初次成像剖面的构造倾角信息,利用声波测井资料进行稀疏反演,进一步获得更高精度的速度模型;最后,以此为初始模型,进行全波层析反演获得最终偏移速度模型.数值结果表明,本文所提出的速度建模方法及策略不仅可以避免传统反射波层析建模方法因采用Born近似反偏移所带来的大计算量问题,且大幅提高了中深层速度建模的精度,进而能有效地提高中深层复杂构造区域的地震成像质量.

京港高铁万安隧道音爆现象分析及缓解措施研究

列车运营速度不断提高容易引发高速铁路长大隧道音爆现象,对洞口声环境及行车秩序造成负面影响,而音爆发生机制及相关空气动力学指标特性尚不明确。基于京港高铁万安隧道实车试验,从音爆产生机制和原因、音爆声波频域特性、压力梯度与微气压波规律展开分析,并结合三维精细化数值仿真增补实车测试工况,针对测试隧道探究不同缓解措施的气动缓解效果。结果表明:1)压缩波在无砟轨道隧道内传播过程中,在非线性效应作用下发生激化,由此诱发了音爆的发生。2)音爆发生时,隧道洞外和洞内的音爆噪声中0~20 Hz的低频段占主要部分。3)列车时速低于300 km时,压缩波在隧道内激化较弱,隧道洞口未出现音爆噪声;当列车时速达到300 km时,压缩波在隧道内激化显著,洞口微气压波幅值较时速250 km时增长近5.5倍,洞口能够监测到明显的音爆噪声。4)对于测试隧道,3种缓冲结构型式缓解措施对于微气压波的缓解效果排序为进、出口同时增设动力学开孔<出口增设动力学开孔<开启3处斜井。

麦克风集群网络模型及其障碍物识别中的应用

基于声学基本原理和抽象空间的网络结构方法,开发了一种创新的障碍物检测系统,其结构包括硬件终端、多声路网络模型和分类器。硬件终端由立体式分布的麦克风节点、数据采集卡和工控机组成。多声路网络模型能够基于多路声波信号建立网络结构,并提取和计算多路声波复杂信号中的有效信息。分类器采用主成分分析方法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)对提取的有效信息进行降维处理,再采用监督学习方法实现对环境的分类和识别。该系统的开发不仅为汽车自动驾驶、机器人导航和无人机等领域提供了重要的技术支持,而且为智能导航和自动化领域的技术发展提供了新的可能性。未来的工作将进一步优化系统性能,提高其应用的广泛性和经济效益。

高速铁路长大隧道音爆现象及斜井辅助泄压缓解效果研究

随着高速铁路隧道运营速度不断增大,隧道空气动力学问题日益凸显。为此,首先调研整理国内外典型高速铁路隧道音爆案例,并在国内某隧道开展一系列实车测试试验,分析200,250和300 km·h^(-1)3个典型速度条件下隧道内初始压缩波压力梯度与洞口微气压波峰值变化规律,并对比不同斜井启闭条件下的辅助泄压缓解效果。结果表明:音爆现象主要发生在长度大于5.0 km隧道;当列车速度低于300 km·h^(-1)时,测试隧道内初始压缩波压力梯度峰值与隧道洞口微气压波峰值相对较小,此时压缩波未发生激化,测试隧道洞口未监测到音爆;当列车速度达到300 km·h^(-1)及以上时,压缩波发生激化,初始压缩波压力梯度峰值与洞口微气压波峰值分别超过90 kPa·s^(-1),150 Pa,此时在测试隧道洞口监测到明显音爆现象;相同速度条件下,不同动车组通过测试隧道时隧道内初始压缩波压力梯度峰值与洞口微气压波峰值存在一定差异,CRH380系列动车组测试数据低于CR400系列动车组;开启斜井能够缓解压力梯度及微气压波峰值,但开启压力梯度峰值达到最大值位置之前的斜井缓解效果更好,而同时开启隧道进口、出口处2个斜井对于压力梯度峰值缓解率最大可达到27.5%。

裂缝性储层阵列声波成像测井响应模拟及速度频散特征研究

为分析裂缝性储层中裂缝发育带对阵列声波测井响应的影响,本文采用交错网格有限差分算法实现孔弹介质阵列声波测井波列响应的数值模拟。通过对模拟波形速度频散信息的提取,总结裂缝发育带与扩径井段不同模式波的吸收衰减与速度频散响应特征的差异性。首先基于Biot孔弹介质模型导出柱坐标下弹性波的速度-应力方程;其次,用交错网格有限差分方法对孔弹波动方程进行离散化,为提高模拟算法效率与精度,使用高阶差分格式与NPML;最后,基于含倾斜裂缝带模型与井壁坍塌地层模型的响应模拟,用前后向振幅相位估计法分析阵列声波的波形幅度相位响应特征与速度频散的差异性。结果表明,低速裂缝带纵横波波场时差会增大,且衰减幅度随裂缝带倾角变化;井壁塌陷在径向与轴向上扩大时,会增强斯通利波与伪瑞利波衰减。声波纵横波时差、速度频散与幅度衰减均可反映一定的裂缝带特征,这些影响对评价和开发裂缝性储层具有重要意义。

Theoretical demonstration of the hybrid focusing points of sonic crystal flat lenses and possible applications

We demonstrate the hybrid focusing points of sonic crystals for a multi-source array applied to flat sonic crystal lenses. The contributions of different point source couples form hybrid focusing points. Ray-trace analyses are conducted for acoustic flat lenses with multi-source configurations. The finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） simulation of flat lenses with multi-source configurations demonstrates the establishment of pure and hybrid focusing points in a pyramidal constellation. The number of focusing points in the pyramidal constellation depends on the number of point sources. We propose an acoustic device for fine-tuning the location of a far-field hybrid focusing point and discuss its benefits for acoustic energy focusing application.

Negative refractions by triangular lattice sonic crystals in partial band gaps

This study numerically demonstrates the effects of partial band gaps on the negative refraction properties of sonic crystal. The partial band gap appearing at the second band edge leads to the efficient transmissions of scattered wave envelopes in the transverse directions inside triangular lattice sonic crystal, and therefore enhances the refraction property of sonic crystal. Numerical simulation results indicate a diagonal guidance of coupled scattered wave envelopes inside crystal structure at the partial band gap frequencies and then output waves are restored in the vicinity of the output interface of sonic crystal by combining phase coherent scattered waves according to Huygens＇ principles. This mechanism leads to two operations for wavefront engineering： one is spatial wavefront shifting operation and the other is convex-concave wavefront inversion operation. The effects of this mechanism on the negative refraction and wave focalization are investigated by using the finite difference time domain （FDTD） simulations. This study contributes to a better understanding of negative refraction and wave focusing mechanisms at the band edge frequencies, and shows the applications of the slab comer beam splitting and SC-air multilayer acoustic system.

Sonic Scanner声波扫描测井在碳酸盐岩储层裂缝有效性评价中的应用——以四川盆地震旦系为例

电成像测井探测深度较浅,无法判定井壁上识别出的裂缝在地层中的延伸情况。利用电成像测井识别出的裂缝走向与Sonic Scanner声波扫描测井确定的横波各向异性方位进行综合建模,以确定地层中裂缝引起的各向异性和井壁内裂缝的延伸情况,进而评价裂缝的有效性。该方法在四川盆地震旦系灯影组缝洞型碳酸盐岩地层中取得了较好的应用效果。通过Sonic Scanner声波扫描测井和电成像测井结合能够准确评价井筒周围裂缝的有效性,为储层评价及试油层段优选提供可靠依据。

超声速横向射流三维流场结构特征

为了研究超声速燃烧室内燃料与空气快速掺混过程的流场特性,基于可压缩Navier-Stokes方程,采用大涡模拟方法和高精度WENO-TCD混合格式对来流马赫数为2.68,喷压比为36的超声速横向射流流场结构进行数值研究。数值结果清晰描述了超声速主流与横向射流相互作用过程的流场结构特征,得到了三维激波形态的演变规律以及它们在强化混合过程中的作用。另外,因桶形激波背风面低压区处的斜压效应,射流气体在桶形激波背风面形成一对螺旋向上的反向涡对,反向涡对的卷吸作用诱导进入壁面边界层的主流向上运动,形成冲击射流。冲击射流以v=557m/s的法向速度向上冲击桶形激波背风面,因而在桶形激波背风面留下类三角锥面凹痕。

Parallel Simulation of 3D Wave Propagation by Domain Decomposition

In order to perform large scale numerical simulation of wave propagation in 3D heterogeneous multiscale viscoelastic media, Finite Difference technique and its parallel implementation based on domain decomposition is used. A couple of typical statements of borehole geophysics are dealt with—sonic log and cross well measurements. Both of them are essentially multiscales, which claims to take into account heterogeneities of very different sizes in order to provide reliable results of simulations. Locally refined spatial grids help us to avoid the use of redundantly tiny grid cells in a target area, but cause some troubles with uniform load of Processor Units involved in computations. We present results of scalability tests together with results of numerical simulations for both statements performed for some realistic models.

Simple waves for two-dimensional compressible pseudo-steady Euler system

A simple wave is defined as a flow in a region whose image is a curve in the phase space. It is well known that ＂the theory of simple waves is fundamental in building up the solutions of flow problems out of elementary flow patterns＂ see Courant and Friedrichs＇s chassical book ＂Supersonic Flow and Shock Waves＂. This paper mainly concerned with the geometric construction of simple waves for the 2D pseudo-steady compressible Euler system. Based on the geometric interpretation, the expansion or compression simple wave flow construction around a pseudo-stream line with a bend part are constructed. It is a building block that appears in the global solution to four contact discontinuities Riemann problems.

慢速地层偶极声波远探测井眼成像发射频率优选

为了提高慢速地层偶极声波远探测丛式井邻井井眼成像的图像质量,优选了偶极声源的最佳发射频率。根据慢速地层中偶极辐射声场理论,计算偶极纵波辐射波能流和辐射指向性,分析它们随频率的变化规律,结合试验井测试和现场应用情况,确定适合浅层慢速地层邻井成像的偶极声源最佳激发频率为2.4 kHz。研究结果表明,在测井资料质量良好的情况下,采用该激发频率处理得到的邻井远探测成像图清晰可靠,对图中反射体进行识别,能够确定邻井相对测量井的距离和方位,利用此结果可以指导浅层丛式井邻井防碰。研究结果为开发过程中丛式井邻井防碰提供了新的技术手段。

音速喷嘴一元流动模型详解及其激波计算

针对文丘里音速喷嘴,阐述了如临界背压比等概念,指出了ISO 9300中背压比定义存在容易造成歧义的缺陷。然后基于一元等熵流动理论,从数学上证明了:当文丘里喷嘴喉部压力与上游滞止压力之比达到临界压比时,喉部产生音速,通过喷嘴的质量流量达到最大值;推导了实际条件下喷嘴的流量公式,导出的流量公式相较于ISO 9300给出的相应公式,增加了喉部状态参数下的压缩性系数修正项1/√Z_(nt)。最后从气体动力学基本方程出发,讨论了在较大背压比范围内,喷嘴扩散段中产生激波的机理,给出了激波产生的位置、激波前、后的压力和马赫数的一元流动计算模型,并运用数值模拟方法对计算结果进行了验证,同时还与Craig A的实验数据作了对比。对最小出口压比对比的结果显示,一元流动模型与实验数据的最大误差≤17%。

基于体积模量的储层含气性定量评价方法

鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡本溪组气藏具有矿物类型多样、储层孔隙度低、渗透率低及非均质性强等特点,导致电阻率曲线受矿物含量变化及物性变化的影响较大,对储层含气性变化反应较弱,传统上利用电阻率测井资料评价流体性质的效果较差。在分析含气饱和度与纵波速度、横波速度及岩石力学参数之间规律的基础上,利用岩性扫描测井、阵列声波测井及常规补偿密度测井资料,计算100%含水地层体积模量和真实地层体积模量,通过分析二者的差异,形成了基于地层体积模量对比的储层含气性评价方法,识别储层流体性质。通过地层、骨架、水及天然气的体积模量建立了含水饱和度计算模型,依据试气层测井数据,建立含气性评价图版及含气饱和度图版,明确了伊陕斜坡本溪组气藏的气层、气水层、水层及干层的含气饱和度下限,实现了依据非电法测井资料定量求取储层含气饱和度的研究目标。研究成果在鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡本溪组气藏生产中的应用,有效提高了测井解释符合率,应用效果较好。相较于纵横波波速重叠包络法、泊松比与纵横波速比重叠包络法及弹性模量与真实地层体积模量重叠包络法等方法,地层体积模量对比法更能有效消除岩石骨架对评价流体性质的影响,解决了常规电法测井评价流体性质不准的难题,为重点井的试油选层及气藏含气规律研究提供技术支持。

温度变化对超声爬波检测表面裂纹的影响研究

采用超声爬波检测技术对在役钢轨焊缝进行检测,对在役钢轨焊缝表面疲劳裂纹检测针对性强,效果显著,并且检测效率明显提高。现场应用表明:在不同温度下,压电超声爬波探头对表面裂纹的检测效果存在差异。通过试验研究了温度变化对爬波检测表面裂纹的影响,总结了温度对爬波检测灵敏度的影响规律,并提出了解决方案,对研究压电超声爬波探头的适用范围和选用方法具有指导意义。