Production of high-purity hydrogen by sorption-enhanced steam reforming process of methanol

The sorption-enhanced steam reforming process of methanol（SESRP-Me OH） to produce high-purity H2 was thermodynamically and experimentally studied.Thermodynamic calculations showed that at a CO2 adsorption ratio of 95%,product gas contains 98.36% H2,32.8 ppm CO under temperature of 130°C and steam-to-methanol（S/M） molar ratio of 2.However,without adsorption-enhanced,the product gas contains nearly 74.99% H2 with 24.96% CO2 and 525 ppm CO.To verify the thermodynamic calculation results,experiments were performed in a fixed-bed reactor loaded with commercial Cu O/Zn O/Al2O3 methanol reforming catalyst and 22% K2CO3-promoted hydrotalcite as CO2 adsorbent.Experimental results showed that 99.61% H2 could be obtained by SESRP-Me OH at reaction temperature of 230°C and S/M of 2.Under the same CH3 OH conversion,the reaction temperature decreased by almost 50°C and H2 concentration increased of more than 20%using SESRP-Me OH compared with solely steam reforming of methanol.The characterization of the adsorbent and catalyst showed that the adsorbent showed good stability while the catalyst was seriously sintered under the high regeneration temperature of the adsorbent.

Sorption-enhanced chemical looping oxidative steam reforming of methanol for on-board hydrogen supply

Hydrogen is an indispensable energy carrier for the sustainable development of human society.Nevertheless,its storage,transportation,and in situ generation still face significant challenges.Methanol can be used as an intermediate carrier for hydrogen supplies,providing hydrogen energy through instant methanol conversion.In this study,a sorption-enhanced,chemical-looping,oxidative steam methanol-reforming(SECLOSRM)process is proposed using CuO–MgO for the on-board hydrogen supply,which could be a promising method for safe and efficient hydrogen production.Aspen Plus software was used for feasibility verification and parameter optimization of the SECL-OSRM process.The effects of CuO/CH_(3)OH,MgO/CH_(3)OH,and H_(2)O/CH_(3)OH mole ratios and of temperature on H_(2)production rate,H utilization efficiency,CH_(3)OH conversion,CO concentration,and system heat balance are discussed thoroughly.The results indicate that the system can be operated in autothermal conditions with high-purity hydrogen(99.50 vol%)and ultra-low-concentration CO(<50 ppm)generation,which confirms the possibility of integrating low-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells(LT-PEFMCs)with the SECL-OSRM process.The simulation results indicate that the CO can be modulated in a lower concentration by reducing the temperature and by improving the H_(2)O/CH_(3)OH and MgO/CH_(3)OH mole ratios.

Ethanol steam reforming over Ni/ZSM-5 nanosheet for hydrogen production

Compared to reforming reactions using hydrocarbons,ethanol steam reforming(ESR)is a sustainable alternative for hydrogen(H_(2))production since ethanol can be produced sustainably using biomass.This work explores the catalyst design strategies for preparing the Ni supported on ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts to promote ESR.Specifically,two-dimensional ZSM-5 nanosheet and conventional ZSM-5 crystal were used as the catalyst carriers and two synthesis strategies,i.e.,in situ encapsulation and wet impregnation method,were employed to prepare the catalysts.Based on the comparative characterization of the catalysts and comparative catalytic assessments,it was found that the combination of the in situ encapsulation synthesis and the ZSM-5 nanosheet carrier was the effective strategy to develop catalysts for promoting H_(2) production via ESR due to the improved mass transfer(through the 2-D structure of ZSM-5 nanosheet)and formation of confined small Ni nanoparticles(resulted via the in situ encapsulation synthesis).In addition,the resulting ZSM-5 nanosheet supported Ni catalyst also showed high Ni dispersion and high accessibility to Ni sites by the reactants,being able to improve the activity and stability of catalysts and suppress metal sintering and coking during ESR at high reaction temperatures.Thus,the Ni supported on ZSM-5 nanosheet catalyst prepared by encapsulation showed the stable performance with~88% ethanol conversion and~65% H_(2) yield achieved during a 48-h longevity test at 550-C.

Pt nanoclusters modified porous g-C_(3)N_(4)nanosheets to significantly enhance hydrogen production by photocatalytic water reforming of methanol

For the use of green hydrogen energy,it is crucial to have efficient photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation by water reforming of methanol under mild conditions.Much attention has been paid to gC_(3)N_(4)as a promising photocatalyst for the generation of hydrogen.To improve the separation of photogenerated charge,porous nanosheet g-C_(3)N_(4)was modified with Pt nanoclusters(Pt/g-C_(3)N_(4))through impregnation and following photo-induced reduction.This catalyst showed excellent photocatalytic activity of water reforming of methanol fo r hydrogen production with a 17.12 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)rate at room temperature,which was 311 times higher than that of the unmodified g-C_(3)N_(4).The strong interactions of Pt-N in Pt/g-C_(3)N_(4)constructed effective electron transfer channels to promote the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes effectively.In addition,in-situ infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate the intermediates of the hydrogen production reaction,which proved that methanol and water eventually turn into H_(2)and CO_(2)via formaldehyde and formate.This study provides insights for understanding the photocatalytic hydrogen production in the water reforming of methanol.

High H_(2) selective performance of Ni-Fe-Ca/H-Al catalysts for steam reforming of biomass and plastic

The development of a selective catalyst for the conversion of biomass and plastics into H2by steam reforming can combat the energy crisis and global warming.In this work,support Ni-Fe-Ca/H-Al bifunctional catalysts were prepared by loading Ni and Fe into pretreatment CaO/Al_(2)O_(3)(Ca/H-Al)carriers and showed high catalytic activity for the steam reforming of biomass and plastic.Moreover,the idea of bidirectional degradation was exploited to strengthen the pyrolysis of plastic with a high H/C and biomass with a high O/C.Interestingly,the products presented high H2selective(1302.10 m L/g)and low CO_(2)yield(120.23 m L/g)in 7Ni-5Fe-Ca/H-Al(2:4)catalyst compared with current reports.Here,the abundant oxygen vacancies(Ov)in the H-Al carrier exhibited an electron-deficient nature,providing active sites for anchoring Ni O.Meanwhile,Ni O interacted with Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)to produce more defective Ovsites,which stabilized the NiO particles in the 7Ni-5Fe-Ca/H-Al(2:4)catalyst,and the interaction between the catalyst and the carrier was enhanced,leading to the reduction of weakly basic sites,this property promoted the strong adsorption of CO_(2)and H2O by the catalyst,contributing to the enhancement of efficient steam conversion and the promotion of conversion of by-products to H2.Notably,7Ni-5Fe-Ca/H-Al(2:4)catalysts maintained structural integrity after regeneration and exhibited excellent regenerability in H2selection and CO_(2)adsorption.The work provides a new idea for the study of efficient H2production from steam reforming of biomass and plastics.

Probing deactivation by coking in catalyst pellets for dry reforming of methane using a pore network model

Dry reforming of methane(DRM) is an attractive technology for utilizing the greenhouse gases(CO_(2) and CH_(4)) to produce syngas. However, the catalyst pellets for DRM are heavily plagued by deactivation by coking, which prevents this technology from commercialization. In this work, a pore network model is developed to probe the catalyst deactivation by coking in a Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) catalyst pellet for DRM. The reaction conditions can significantly change the coking rate and then affect the catalyst deactivation. The catalyst lifetime is higher under lower temperature, pressure, and CH_(4)/CO_(2) molar ratio, but the maximum coke content in a catalyst pellet is independent of these reaction conditions. The catalyst pellet with larger pore diameter, narrower pore size distribution and higher pore connectivity is more robust against catalyst deactivation by coking, as the pores in this pellet are more difficult to be plugged or inaccessible.The maximum coke content is also higher for narrower pore size distribution and higher pore connectivity, as the number of inaccessible pores is lower. Besides, the catalyst pellet radius only slightly affects the coke content, although the diffusion limitation increases with the pellet radius. These results should serve to guide the rational design of robust DRM catalyst pellets against deactivation by coking.

Study on the Catalytic Reforming Law of Solid-Phase Carbon and Nitrogen Sources Loaded with MnO_(2)at Low Temperatures in Tahe Heavy Oil

MnO_(2)/Melem composites were synthesized with MnO_(2)nanoparticles loaded onto the Melem using the hydrothermal method.As raw materials for C and N carriers,Melem was prepared from melamine roasted at 354℃,and KMnO_(4)as a raw material for Mn,MnO_(2)nanoparticles were prepared using the hydrothermal synthesis of KMnO_(4).Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and a laser particle size analyzer were used for structural characterization,and the catalytic oxidation performance of the heavy oil was investigated at different reaction temperatures(100℃to 180℃)using MnO_(2)/Melem with an oxidant and donor protonic acid.The results showed that the synthesizedβ-MnO_(2)nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto the Melem surface;the oil samples before and after the reaction at different temperatures were subjected to SARA analysis using Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),elemental analysis,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and viscosity tests,respectively.It was determined that the hydrocarbons in the crude oil were converted to heavy mass by oxidation reactions with the oxidant mainly through a low-temperature oxidation process below 140℃in the heavy oil when the temperature exceeds 140℃,in addition to the oxidation reaction with the oxidant,a cleavage reaction in the carbon chain occurs to form hydrocarbon substances with lower molecular weights.

Improvement strategies for Ni-based alcohol steam reforming catalysts

Steam reforming(SR)of fossil methane is already a well-known,documented and established expertise in the industrial sector as it accounts for the vast majority of global hydrogen production.From a sustainable development perspective,hydrogen production by SR of biomass-derived feedstock represents a promising alternative that could help to lower the carbon footprint of the traditional process.In this regard,bio-alcohols such as methanol,ethanol or glycerol are among the attractive candidates that could serve as green hydrogen carriers as they decompose at relatively low temperatures in the presence of water compared to methane,allowing for improved H_(2)yields.However,significant challenges remain regarding the activity and stability of nickel-based catalysts,which are most widely used in alcohol SR processes due to their affordability and ability to break C–C,O–H and C–H bonds,yet are prone to rapid deactivation primarily caused by coke deposition and metal particle sintering.In this state-of-the-art review,a portfolio of strategies to improve the performance of Ni-based catalysts used in alcohol SR processes is unfolded with the intent of pinpointing the critical issues in catalyst development.Close examination of the literature reveals that the efforts tackling these recurring issues can be directed at the active metal,either by tuning Ni dispersion and Ni-support interactions or by targeting synergistic effects in bimetallic systems,while others focus on the support,either by modifying acid-base character,oxygen mobility,or by embedding Ni in specific crystallographic structures.This review provides a very useful tool to orient future work in catalyst development.

An Energy Production System Powered by Solar Heat with Biogas Dry Reforming Reactor and Solid Oxide Fuel Cell

In this paper, an energy system consisting of solar collector, biogas dry reforming reactor and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has been proposed. The heat produced from the concentrating solar collector is used to drive a biogas dry reforming reactor in order to produce H2 as a fuel for SOFC, in such as system. The aim of this study is to clarify the impact of climate data on the performance of solar collector with various sizes/designs. The temperature of heat transfer fluid produced by the solar collector is calculated by adopting the climate data for Nagoya city in Japan in 2021. The amount of H2 produced from the biogas dry reforming reactor and the power generated by SOFC were simulated. The results show the temperature of heat transfer fluid (Tfb) and Tfb ratio (a) based on the length of absorber (dx) = 1 m have a peak near the noon following the trend of solar intensity (I). Results also revealed that a increases with increase in dx. It is found that the differences of Tfb and a between dx = 2 m and dx = 3 m are larger than those between dx = 1 m and dx = 2 m. It is revealed that Tfb and a are higher in spring and summer. dx = 4 m is the optimum length of solar absorber. The amount of H2 produced from the biogas dry reforming reactor as well as the power generated by SOFC is the highest in August, resulting that it is prefer to produce H2 and to generate SOFC in summer.

The Joule–Thomson effect of (CO_(2)+H_(2)) binary system relevant to gas switching reforming with carbon capture and storage(CCS)

The Joule-Thomson effect is one of the important thermodynamic properties in the system relevant to gas switching reforming with carbon capture and storage(CCS). In this work, a set of apparatus was set up to determine the Joule-Thomson effect of binary mixtures(CO_(2)+ H_(2)). The accuracy of the apparatus was verified by comparing with the experimental data of carbon dioxide. The Joule-Thomson coefficients(μ_(JT)) for(CO_(2)+ H_(2)) binary mixtures with mole fractions of carbon dioxide(x_(CO_(2))= 0.1, 0.26, 0.5,0.86, 0.94) along six isotherms at various pressures were measured. Five equations of state EOSs(PR,SRK, PR, BWR and GERG-2008 equation) were used to calculate the μ_(JT)for both pure systems and binary systems, among which the GERG-2008 predicted best with a wide range of pressure and temperature.Moreover, the Joule-Thomson inversion curves(JTIC) were calculated with five equations of state. A comparison was made between experimental data and predicted data for the inversion curve of CO_(2). The investigated EOSs show a similar prediction of the low-temperature branch of the JTIC for both pure and binary systems, except for the BWRS equation of state. Among all the equations, SRK has the most similar result to GERG-2008 for predicting JTIC.

Practical Research on Promoting the Reform of“One Field for One Household”in Guoyang County

In recent years,the problem of farmland fragmentation has become a major obstacle to the development of modern agriculture,and the reform of“one field for one household”can effectively sort out cultivated land resources,increase contracted land area,improve land utilization rate,and effectively solve the problems of contracted land dispersion and farmland fragmentation in rural areas.This paper systematically anatomized the practice and effects of“one household,one field”reform in Guoyang County,analyzed the problems existing in the implementation process,and put forward corresponding suggestions and countermeasures,in order to provide experience and reference for the reform of one field in other regions.

Reform of Theory-practice Alternating Teaching of the Introduction to Architecture Course Oriented to“Employment Priority and Integration of Industry and Education”

In the new era of building a socialist modernization country with the goal of promoting high-quality development,we deeply analyze the knowledge system of the Introduction to Architecture course.This analysis is based on the cross-disciplinary specialties of local applied universities and the orientation of prioritizing employment and integrating industry and education.We propose the teaching reform of“theory-practice alternation”which is adapted to the current times and societal needs.Finally,we comprehensively summarize the effectiveness of curriculum construction,in order to provide theoretical references for the implementation of fostering character and civic virtue and deepening the reform of collaborative education mechanisms.

Exploration on Teaching Reform of Medical Functional Experimental Science for International Students

Medical Functional Experiment Science, a bridge between basic medicine and clinical medicine, integrates classical experimental teaching contents of three courses including physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. This course not only helps students to verify and reinforce theoretical knowledge, but also cultivates their capability of scientific thinking to discover and solve problems. Based on the characteristics of international students and current situation of the teaching platform in the laboratory at Yangtze University, this paper discusses a series of problems in the Medical Functional Experiment Science teaching for international students and puts forward some measures for teaching reform including optimizing experimental content, innovating experimental teaching methods and establishing effective experimental evaluation mode, in order to cultivate more international medical students with innovative ability.

Research on Professional Teaching Reform of the E-Commerce Major in Vocational Colleges Under the Internet Era

With the rapid development of science and technology,the face of human society has undergone great changes;with the emergence of the Internet era,all kinds of educational technology,equipment,and software in vocational colleges have been widely used to carry out education and teaching,and has achieved remarkable results.Based on this,colleges and universities’electronic commerce(e-commerce)professional teachers should try to rely on the Internet to build information teaching classrooms,introduce advanced methods to build efficient classrooms by integrating teaching resources,and optimize the top-level design,so as to activate the classroom atmosphere,mobilize students’emotions,make them immersed in the teaching of electronic commerce courses.In view of this,this paper combines the existing theory and experience,first analyzes the dilemma faced by the current teaching of e-commerce in vocational colleges,then discusses the practical significance of teaching reform based on the Internet era,and lastly puts forward the specific practice path.

Exploration of Financial Management Curriculum Reform in Vocational College

As the core course of finance and accounting major,the study of financial management knowledge plays a positive role in promoting students’understanding of the whole financial work and enriching financial knowledge.This paper analyzes the necessity of financial management curriculum reform,from the design ideas,teaching content,teaching mode,and teaching methods of several aspects of vocational college financial management curriculum reform work carried on the preliminary thinking,hoping to improve the teaching quality of this course will be helpful.

Research on the Teaching Reform of Building Information Modeling Course Based on“Post,Course,Competition,and Certificate”Integration

With the rapid development of information technology,the utilization of building information modeling(BIM)is increasingly prevalent in the construction industry.In order to cultivate BIM application-oriented talents capable of effectively addressing industry development demands,this study proposes a reform plan for BIM courses that integrates post,course,competition,and certificate.The reform plan implements the teaching methods of post-course integration,competition-based teaching integration,and course certificate integration in the BIM course.It also carries out curriculum reform from four aspects:curriculum system,teaching mode,teaching content,and assessment method.Reform should be implemented to enhance students’professional and practical skills,thereby enabling them to secure improved employment opportunities and prospects for career development.

Exploration of Curriculum Reform in the Context of Digital Empowerment:Taking the“Class Management”Course in the Primary Education Major of Higher Vocational Normal School as an Example

In the era of digital empowerment,the digital reform of higher vocational courses has become an inevitable trend.To explore professional curriculum reform,this study takes the“Class Management”course in the primary education major of higher vocational teachers as the research object,analyzes the importance of digital empowerment to curriculum reform,and discusses the teaching of the“Class Management”course new model and content reform plan.Digital technology empowering traditional courses is a new trend,which is both an opportunity and a challenge.This study aims to explore the application of digital technology in courses and provide certain guidelines for curriculum reform in the field of education.

Research on the Evaluation of the Implementation Effect of Curriculum Examination Reform: Taking the Course of “Introduction to Language” as an Example

“Introduction to Language,”as the core course of the English major,mainly reveals the basic laws of language,enabling the students to have the ability to apply linguistic theories to explain language phenomena and solve specific language problems.This course is highly theoretical and has a certain degree of difficulty.The evaluation of student grades has always been based on examination reform,but several problems have been encountered during the implementation process.This article analyzes the current situation of the reform and implementation of the“Introduction to Language”course examination in applied universities and puts forth suggestions and specific measures to improve the assessment of the course,aiming to enhance the teaching effectiveness of the course and scientifically and comprehensively evaluate students’abilities.

Research on Enterprise Human Resource Management Reform Strategy in the Era of Big Data

In the 21st century,with the development of the Internet,mobile devices,and information technology,society has entered a new era:the era of big data.With the help of big data technology,enterprises can obtain massive market and consumer data,realize in-depth analysis of business and market,and enable enterprises to have a deeper understanding of consumer needs,preferences,and behaviors.At the same time,big data technology can also help enterprises carry out human resource management innovation and improve the performance and competitiveness of enterprises.Of course,from another perspective,enterprises in this era are also facing severe challenges.In the face of massive data processing and analysis,it requires superb data processing and analysis capabilities.Secondly,enterprises need to reconstruct their management system to adapt to the changes in the era of big data.Enterprises must treat data as assets and establish a perfect data management system.In addition,enterprises also need to pay attention to protecting customer privacy and data security to avoid data leakage and abuse.In this context,this paper will explore the thinking of enterprise human resource management innovation in the era of big data,and put forward some suggestions on enterprise human resource management innovation.

“Three-Wide Education”Reform,Innovation,and Practice in Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology

The comprehensive reform of“three-wide education”is important to achieve inheritance and innovation in ideological education in colleges and universities.The Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology aims to address the practical problems of a weak ideological education team,incomplete system and mechanism,and insufficient resource mobilization in“three-wide education.”It actively explores the“three-wide education”based on the university’s existing foundation and advantages.Comprehensive,innovative ideas for reform,practice,and promotion of unique practices and paths are necessary,to continuously deepen education reforms and strive to build a new“three-wide education”work pattern to help the country’s modern talent cultivation work.