Intrasexual selection occurs in male-male competition over access to females and usually results in the larger male winning.While much research has documented that size matters,little is known about how the larger mal...Intrasexual selection occurs in male-male competition over access to females and usually results in the larger male winning.While much research has documented that size matters,little is known about how the larger male wins.Dendroctonus vale ns is an aggregating monogamous bark beetle in which males have large variation in body size and display intense competition over females.Behavioral observation showed two males fight each other within the gallery by pushing/shoving and stridulated more when two males encountered each other.Experiments using two different-sized males synchronously competing showed that larger males won 95%of contests.Reciprocal displacement experiments using muted and intact males of different or equal size were used to simulate male-male competition.Larger males displaced the smaller resident male in 90%of contests,while smaller males prevailed over larger residents in 6.7%of contests.With both males silenced,larger males displaced smaller males in 80%of con tests,while smaller males prevailed in 8%of con tests.Further experiments using equal-sized males showed aggressive soundemitting males displaced muted males in 67%of contests,yet intact males displaced other intact males in only 37.5%of con tests.Sound analysis showed sound pressure level is an honest signal of body size and males chose soft sounds over loud aggressive sounds in assays.Therefore,D.valens males have evolved dual behaviors,fighting and aggressive sounds associated with body size,to assess rivals to compete for a partner,gaining insights in male-male competition for this species and for other animals.展开更多
目的观察嗽宁汤治疗变应性咳嗽的临床疗效。方法选取60例变应性咳嗽患者病例,按随机分组原则分为治疗组和对照组,各30例,治疗组采用嗽宁汤治疗(药物杏仁、紫菀、百部、桔梗、蝉蜕等,煎药后取汁300 m L,2次/d,饭后温服)及对照组采用复方...目的观察嗽宁汤治疗变应性咳嗽的临床疗效。方法选取60例变应性咳嗽患者病例,按随机分组原则分为治疗组和对照组,各30例,治疗组采用嗽宁汤治疗(药物杏仁、紫菀、百部、桔梗、蝉蜕等,煎药后取汁300 m L,2次/d,饭后温服)及对照组采用复方福尔可定口服溶液(10 m L,3次/d,口服)。治疗后进行临床疗效观察,并进行比较。结果治疗后,治疗组总有效率96.67%,对照组总有效率90.00%,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论嗽宁汤治疗变应性咳嗽,能明显改善咳嗽症状,提高患者生活质量。展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation(31770690)the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0600204)the CAS Key Project of Frontier Science Program(QYZDJSSW-SMC024).
文摘Intrasexual selection occurs in male-male competition over access to females and usually results in the larger male winning.While much research has documented that size matters,little is known about how the larger male wins.Dendroctonus vale ns is an aggregating monogamous bark beetle in which males have large variation in body size and display intense competition over females.Behavioral observation showed two males fight each other within the gallery by pushing/shoving and stridulated more when two males encountered each other.Experiments using two different-sized males synchronously competing showed that larger males won 95%of contests.Reciprocal displacement experiments using muted and intact males of different or equal size were used to simulate male-male competition.Larger males displaced the smaller resident male in 90%of contests,while smaller males prevailed over larger residents in 6.7%of contests.With both males silenced,larger males displaced smaller males in 80%of con tests,while smaller males prevailed in 8%of con tests.Further experiments using equal-sized males showed aggressive soundemitting males displaced muted males in 67%of contests,yet intact males displaced other intact males in only 37.5%of con tests.Sound analysis showed sound pressure level is an honest signal of body size and males chose soft sounds over loud aggressive sounds in assays.Therefore,D.valens males have evolved dual behaviors,fighting and aggressive sounds associated with body size,to assess rivals to compete for a partner,gaining insights in male-male competition for this species and for other animals.
文摘目的观察嗽宁汤治疗变应性咳嗽的临床疗效。方法选取60例变应性咳嗽患者病例,按随机分组原则分为治疗组和对照组,各30例,治疗组采用嗽宁汤治疗(药物杏仁、紫菀、百部、桔梗、蝉蜕等,煎药后取汁300 m L,2次/d,饭后温服)及对照组采用复方福尔可定口服溶液(10 m L,3次/d,口服)。治疗后进行临床疗效观察,并进行比较。结果治疗后,治疗组总有效率96.67%,对照组总有效率90.00%,治疗组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论嗽宁汤治疗变应性咳嗽,能明显改善咳嗽症状,提高患者生活质量。
