Sound absorption and insulation property of closed-cell aluminum foam

The closed-cell aluminum foams (specimenρ=0.31 g/cm3, diameter of 100 mm, and thickness of 20 mm for sound absorption testing; specimenρ=0.51 g/cm3, length of 1 240 mm, width of 1 100 mm, and thickness of 30 mm for sound insulation testing) were prepared by the method of molten body transitional foaming process. Its sound absorption property under frequency of 160-2 000 Hz and the sound insulation property under frequency of 100-4 000 Hz were tested. The sound absorption results show that the sound absorption property is much better under middle frequencies than that under low and high frequencies. The sound absorption coefficient climbs when frequency increases from 160 Hz to 800 Hz and then drops when frequency is increased from 800 Hz to 2 000 Hz. The function of the sound absorption mainly depends on the Helmholtz resonator, the microphone as well as cracks of closed-cell aluminum foam. The sound insulation experiments show that the sound reduction index (R) is small under low frequencies, and large under high frequencies; the weighted sound reduction index (Rw) and the highest sound reduction index (R) can reach around 30.8 dB and 43 dB, respectively.

Optimization of Sound Absorption and Insulation Performances of a Dual-Cavity Resonant Micro-Perforated Plate

This study investigates a dual-cavity resonant composite sound-absorbing structure based on a micro-perforated plate.Using the COMSOL impedance tube model,the effects of various structural parameters on sound absorption and sound insulation performances are analyzed.Results show that the aperture of the micro-perforated plate has the greatest influence on the sound absorption coefficient;the smaller the aperture,the greater is this coefficient.The thickness of the resonance plate has the most significant influence on the sound insulation and resonance frequency;the greater the thickness,the wider the frequency domain in which sound insulation is obtained.In addition,the effect of filling the structural cavity with porous foam ceramics has been studied,and it has been found that the porosity and thickness of the porous material have a significant effect on the sound absorption coefficient and sound insulation,while the pore size exhibits a limited influence.

Sound absorption property of open-pore aluminum foams

This paper presents a study on sound absorption property of aluminum foam by evaluating its sound absorption coefficients using standing wave tube method. Experimental results showed that the average values of sound absorption coefficients (over the test frequency range) are all above 0.4, which indicate very good sound absorption property of the aluminum foams. The sound absorption coefficient is affected by frequency and pore structure, and reaches its maximum value at around 1 000 Hz. With the increase of porosity and decrease of cell diameter, the sound absorption coefficient values increase.

Sound absorption property of open-pore aluminum foams

The sound absorption property of aluminum foam was studied by testing its sound absorption coefficients using standing wave tube method. The open-pore aluminum foams were prepared by infiltration process, with pore size of 0.5 mm to 3.2 mm and porosity of 54.2% to 77%. The frequency of indicted sound wave was ranging from 125 Hz to 10 kHz. The results show that the average values of sound absorption coefficients are all over 0.4 and the aluminum foam has better sound absorption property, its coefficients is influenced by frequency and pore structure, and reaches the maximum at about 1 kHz, with increasing porosity and decreasing cell diameter the sound absorption coefficient values increase.

Sound Character Calculation and Analysis of Sound Barrier Based on Acoustoelectric Analogy

A new acoustic barrier structure with resonant sound of micro-perforation board absorption structure and impedance composite sound-absorption structure is proposed.The acoustic impedance and the sound-absorption coefficient of the acoustic structure are calculated via means of equivalent circuit.MATLAB is used to calculate the relationship between the parameters of the ontology structure and the sound-absorption coefficient and the sound insulation.It is revealed that the sound barrier of the new ontology structure is 7.659.80 dB,which is more than the sound barrier of the traditional reflective structures.The relationships among the parameters of sound-absorption structure,sound-absorption coefficient,and sound insulation performance are obtained.In addition,the parameters can be transformed to satisfy the noise reduction requirements of various road sections,which has a admirable adaptability.The acoustic barrier can have tremendous acoustic performance only if there is a splendid sound insulation in the traffic noise frequency band.

聚丙烯/玻璃纤维复合泡沫的制备及隔声隔热性能

以二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯(TPGDA)和苯乙烯(St)为单体,过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为引发剂,玻璃纤维(GF)为填料,通过熔融共混法和模压发泡法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/GF复合泡沫,利用PP分子上熔融接枝形成的TPGDA-St共聚物长链支化结构作为相容剂,促进GF在PP基体中的分散,通过GF与TPGDA-St共聚物长链支化结构的协同作用,有效改善PP熔体和复合泡沫的性能。研究了支化结构相容剂和填料用量对PP熔体强度、热稳定性、结晶性能以及复合泡沫微观形貌、隔热性能、声学性能、力学性能的影响。结果表明,TPGDA-St共聚物长链支化结构相容剂能够有效促进GF在PP基体中的分散,强化界面相互作用,形成较为完善的填料网络,显著提升了PP的熔体强度、发泡性能和结晶性能。当GF用量为10份时,PP/GF复合泡沫的泡孔均匀、形状规则、压缩性能良好,具备优异的隔声性能和隔热性能,平均声音传输损耗达到59.7 dB,相较于纯PP泡沫提高了84.8%,导热系数低至0.055 W/(m·K),相较于纯PP泡沫降低了65.6%。

船用厨余管道包覆材料吸隔声性能试验研究

根据某远洋客船舱室部分厨余管道的案例,试验针对包覆材料和粘接剂研究吸声系数和隔声量在中低频范围内的变化规律,讨论船用厨余管道包覆材料厚度和粘接剂种类选取对吸隔声性能的影响。对比分析发现材料厚度从19 mm提升至25 mm时,吸隔声性能提升最为显著,吸声系数提升约143%,隔声量提升约27%。研究结论为船用厨余管道的安装及材料应用提供一定的技术参考。

Multifunctional aramid nanofibers reinforced RGO aerogels integrated with high-efciency microwave absorption, sound absorption and heat insulation performance

Although lightweight and three-dimensional(3 D) graphene aerogels are highly desirable for microwave absorption(MA) due to their high porosity,specific surface area,and 3 D conductive network,it still remains a large challenge to construct a multifunctional application framework to quickly adapt to the complex practical environment,making it to be efficiently applied in a variety of complex situation.Herein,multifunctional aramid nanofibers(ANFs) reinforced reduced graphene oxide aerogels(RGO@ANF) have been achieved by in-situ gel reaction,freeze-drying,and thermal annealing processes.The introduced ANFs in RGO aerogels can prevent the graphene sheets from over-stacking and enhance the connectivity of cell walls,thus leading to excellent compression resistance,MA,sound absorption,and thermal insulation performance.Under 70% strain,the maximum compressive stress of RGO@ANF aerogel reaches78.8 kPa,and reversible compressibility with reliable resistance to fatigue for 100 compressive cycles at20% strain.Further,the RGO@ANF aerogel exhibit a minimum reflection loss(RL_(min)) of-56.5 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth(EAB) of 7.0 GHz at a thickness of 2.8 mm,basically covering the X and Ku bands.Moreover,the hybrid aerogel exhibited excellent sound absorption with an average absorption coefficient> 0.56 at 2-6 kHz and good thermal insulation performance with low thermal conductivity of about 49.18 mW m-1K-1.The integrated graphene aerogels with such multifunctional performances hold a great promise for applications such as MA,sound absorption,and heat insulation.

直立插板式声屏障屏体板降噪性能优化

随着轨道交通的快速发展,其造成的噪声污染问题已引起了人们的广泛关注,运用声屏障去处理这类噪声污染问题是目前最行之有效的措施之一。文章以使用最广泛的直立插板式阻性声屏障屏体板为研究对象,基于多孔材料等效流体理论,建立了相关吸/隔声有限元模型,计算了前罩板不同开孔工况下声屏障的吸/隔声性能,对其吸/隔声性能进行了系统研究,并提出了一种在不改变原有声屏障结构的基础上设置空气背腔的优化方案,进一步分析了该优化措施对原有声屏障吸/隔声能力的提升效果。结果表明:在声源侧的开孔罩板开孔率为15%时,隔声量在频率小于1000 Hz时与无罩板相比无变化,在频率大于1000 Hz高于无声源侧罩板,普遍高1.5 dB左右,随着开孔率的增大,其隔声量优于无罩板的频率点逐渐向高频偏移,且优势逐渐减小;在保持开孔率不变的情况下,针对声屏障前罩板开较小孔径的孔洞更有利于提升声屏障的吸声性能;在多孔吸声材料后布置一定厚度的空气背腔,不仅能够在一定程度上提升其吸/隔声性能,而且也大量节省了声屏障的制造成本。

粉煤灰陶粒轻质混凝土声屏障性能试验研究

混凝土是一种应用广泛、可使用多种固废制备的建筑材料。本研究将粉煤灰陶粒作为轻骨料,水泥-粉煤灰-硅灰-煤系偏高岭土作为复合胶凝材料,制备用作声屏障的粉煤灰陶粒轻质混凝土,并对其力学性能、吸声性能和抗碳化性能进行试验研究。结果表明:当粉煤灰-硅灰-煤系偏高岭土总掺量为胶凝材料总质量的10%时,试样的力学性能、抗碳化性能有所提高,吸声性能有所降低;随着粉煤灰-硅灰-煤系偏高岭土掺量进一步增加,试样的力学性能、抗碳化性能有所降低,吸声性能有所提高。1500 Hz及以下频率吸声系数变化幅度较小,2000 Hz时吸声效果最好,试样的平均吸声系数在0.44~0.58,降噪系数在0.74~0.89。

仿生水泥气凝胶的设计制备与性能分析

针对传统建筑材料高力学性能和高隔热性能难以平衡的矛盾,受到深海墨鱼层-壁结构的启发,通过可控的定向冷冻法诱导水泥水化产物在聚合物溶液中成核形成仿生微结构,制备工艺选择灵活低能耗的冷冻干燥技术,设计并创造定向多孔的新型水泥气凝胶.结果表明,这种水泥气凝胶密度低至15.02 kg/m3,孔隙率高达90.64%,导热系数低至0.020 W/(m·K),同时具有-0.168的负泊松比,高达1 216.88 MPa/(cm-3·g)的比强度等优异的综合性能.在70%应变条件下,钙硅质量比为1.0时,所制备的水泥气凝胶抗压强度达到最大值,为33.89 MPa.此外,水泥气凝胶内部具有曲折的多孔结构,这使其具有良好的吸声性能,噪声衰减系数可达0.8.

产业用纺织品隔声降噪研究进展

产业用纺织品的隔声降噪功能可通过改变织物结构、纤维特性及涂层后整理等方式实现。概述了材料降噪原理及种类,总结了影响产业用纺织品隔声降噪性能的因素,介绍了产业用纺织品不同降噪方法的研究现状,重点介绍了通过涂层方式以纳米材料作为填充物构建复合降噪结构体,制备隔声降噪产业用纺织品的研究进展。

电动汽车地毯隔音垫的轻量化设计及其声学性能改进

对电动汽车的噪声源特性和车身架构的变化进行了分析,有针对性地提出了两种轻量化地毯隔音垫的设计方案,并从吸声隔声原理、方案设计、材料选型、制造工艺、吸声隔声试验、实车路试验证等方面进行了系统研究。设计出的耗散型轻量化地毯隔音垫能够代替传统重质层型地毯隔音垫,适用于电动汽车乘员舱地板区域,在实车路试中的噪声水平和车内语音清晰度都优于传统重质层型地毯隔音垫,减重效果明显;设计出的ABA型(Absorber-Barrier-Absorber)轻量化地毯隔音垫有较好的隔声性能,适用于电动汽车行李箱地板区域,能够有效控制电驱动系统产生的高频噪声,同时实现了轻量化目标。

天然胶乳薄膜与木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布吸声复合材料的制备与性能研究

天然胶乳薄膜具有独特的粘弹性和阻尼特性,木棉纤维具有大中空的独特结构,两者均可作为吸声材料基材。通过将木棉纤维与中空聚酯纤维混合后采用针刺加固工艺制成非织造布,然后直接与天然胶乳薄膜复合,制备天然胶乳薄膜与木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布吸声复合材料,研究天然胶乳薄膜层数、复合材料面密度、木棉纤维/聚酯纤维质量比、复合材料孔径等对复合材料吸声性能的影响并分析复合材料的力学性能。结果表明:在天然胶乳薄膜层数为2、复合材料面密度为1215.72 g·m^(-2)、木棉纤维/聚酯纤维质量比为6/4、复合材料孔径为109.5μm时,天然胶乳薄膜与木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布吸声复合材料的综合性能最优,最大吸声系数可达到0.8;与天然胶乳薄膜复合可弥补木棉纤维/聚酯纤维非织造布在低频率区域吸声效果的不足,有效拓宽复合材料的吸声频带,拓展其应用领域。

垃圾渗滤液膜浓缩液资源化利用试验研究

膜浓缩液是一种富集污染物、重金属的高盐有机废水,其处理难度大、处理成本高。固化与稳定化处理技术用于处理膜浓缩液具有低成本、易操作、无二次污染的优势。以成都某生活垃圾填埋场膜浓缩液为处理对象,探究了粉煤灰-矿渣-钢渣基胶凝材料中不同n(SiO_(2)/Al_(2)O_(3))值对抗压强度的影响,得出3组分别以粉煤灰、矿渣、钢渣为主要成分的固化配比方案。且当发泡剂掺量为9%,样品具有良好的孔隙率,在中低频段表现出较好的吸声性能;且对重金属离子及污染物有优异的固定能力;微观分析表明,3组多孔吸声材料形成了致密良好的网络状结构,能有效固化膜浓缩液。

装配式免砂浆地面板块隔声减震安装构造施工技术分析

装配式免砂浆地面板块隔声减震安装构造是由地面板块、找平层、即时贴等部分组成,不同地面板块之间设置有夹缝,夹缝内部填充适量弹性密封胶。地面板块和找平层采用即时贴进行粘贴,能有效节约其他水泥辅助材料,避免其因受到温度、湿度因素变化,而产生严重的空鼓问题。装配式免砂浆地面板块隔声减震安装构造的地面板块固定环节以干式作业为主,在施工现场进行组合安装,能有效控制铺贴施工时间,提高施工质量,绿色环保,减少水泥砂浆材料使用环节,地面减重量超过60%,可合理控制施工成本。利用模块化设计铺贴,减轻温度、湿度等因素的影响,结构稳定,延长使用寿命,提高减震隔音性能。

Diffusion and sound absorption properties of the quadratic residue diffuser structure with perforated panel

Acoustic structure study always is the academic research interest. Diffusion ab？sorbing structure（DiflFsorber） has good research value because it has both diflFusion property and sound absorption property. Quadratic residue diffusers（QRD） structure which had good diffusion property was combined with the perforated panel which had good sound absorption property in this study. According to standard AES-4id-2001, the diffusion experiments were carried out to study QRD structure and ones composited with perforated-panels which had1 mm-thickness and perforated percentage of 3%, 5%, 8% respectively. The polar coordinate diagrams of different structure were analyzed to derive the diffusion coefficients. Results showed that the composite structure still had good diffusion performance in the frequency range from100 Hz to 800 Hz. The reflection sound energy of composite structure reduced obviously in the perforated panel resonance frequency range where there was about 2 dB reduction averagely.The study result can provide the reference for the design and development of diifsorber.

Heat Transfer and Acoustic Properties of Open Cell Aluminum Foams

The aluminum open cell foams have been prepared by the conventional precision casting method to investigate the thermal and acoustic properties.A water heating system and silencers were organized as a first step for its applications.The temperature increase between the top and bottom of the foam became larger as the cell size increased in the heat transfer measurement.Sound absorption ratio of the close cell foams was 60%-100%, whereas the open cell aluminum foam showed only 10%-20% of sound absorption at low frequency.When the prototype electric water heater manufactured by combining aluminum open cell foam with a heater was heated to 100-400℃,the highest temperature of water was in the range of 16-46~C.This suggests that there could be potential for this type of heater to be used as a commercial electric water heater.Sound silencer made with the aluminum open cell foam was applied to exit of exhaustion side at air pressure line.Sound silencing effect of open-celled aluminum foam showed that the noise level went down by introducing smaller cell size foam.

半主动式薄膜型声学超材料超低频隔声特性研究

针对变电站50 Hz的超低频噪声较难控制的特点,设计一种半主动式薄膜型声学超材料,通过仿真模拟计算其隔声特性。该材料以钕铁硼磁铁作为中心质量块负载于边界固定的橡胶薄膜上,并装配通电螺线管作为半主动控制系统。通过仿真模拟及数值分析手段对其隔声特性进行研究。通过改变电流强度准确控制中心钕铁硼磁铁质量块的受力,最终改变薄膜张力,实现隔声峰频率的控制,与一般的薄膜声学超材料相比,其具有缓解薄膜材料疲劳等优点;并对薄膜厚度以及质量块厚度、大小对薄膜型声学超材料声学特性的影响进行研究。仿真结果表明:该材料对于50 Hz的超低频噪声隔声量达到130 dB,具有优良的隔声性能。

面向多层级目标的汽车前围声学包优化研究

为了研究汽车声学包设计参数对其多性能目标的影响,首先,改进了传统的深度信念网络(DBNs)方法,并提出SVR-DBNs (support vector regression-deep belief networks)模型,提升了模型映射的准确度;其次,从车辆噪声传递关系与层级目标分解角度出发,提出了一种多层级目标预测与分析方法;最后,将所提方法应用于具体车型的前围声学包性能、重量与成本多目标预测与优化分析.研究结果表明:SVR-DBNs方法对前围声学包性能、重量与成本目标预测准确度均在0.975以上,优于传统的反向传播神经网络(BPNN)、SVR与DBNs模型;基于SVR-DBNs模型的优化结果与实测结果接近,两者加权目标相对误差为1.09%(平均传递损失(MTL)、重量和成本相对误差绝对值分别为1.44%、1.04%与0.71%),优化后的实测结果较前围声学包原始状态性能、重量和成本分别提升了5.51%、9.01%与4.40%.