Enhanced air-coupled impact echo technique by phase analysis of signals from multiple sensors

This paper presents an air-coupled impact echo(IE)technique that relies on the phase spectrum of the collected data to find the frequencies corresponding to the reflections from delaminations.The proposed technique takes advantage of the fact that the IE compression wave is not a propagating wave,but it is the 1st order symmetrical(S1)mode Lamb wave at zero group velocity(S1-ZGV).Therefore,it searches the phase spectra of the data collected by multiple sensors to locate the frequency corresponding to the lowest phase difference.As a result,the technique reduces the effect of propagating waves,including the direct acoustic wave and ambient noise.It is named the Constant Phase IE(CPIE).The performance of the CPIE is experimentally compared with the regular amplitude spectrum-based IE technique and two other multisensor IE techniques.The CPIE shows a performance advantage,especially in a noisy environment.

Ice thickness,internal layers,and surface and subglacial topography in the vicinity of Chinese Antarctic Taishan station in Princess Elizabeth Land,East Antarctica

We present the results of two ground-based radio-echo-sounding（RES） and GPS surveys performed in the vicinity of new Chinese Taishan station,Princess Elizabeth Land,East Antarctica,obtained in two austral summers during CHINARE 21（2004/2005） and CHINARE 29（2012/2013）.The radar surveys measured ice thickness and internal layers using 60- and 150-MHz radar systems,and GPS measurements showed smooth surface slopes around the station with altitudes of 2607-2636 m above sea level（a.s.l.）.Radar profiles indicate an average ice thickness of 1900 m,with a maximum of 1949 m and a minimum of 1856 m,within a square area measuring approximately 2 km × 2 km in the vicinity of the station.The ice thickness beneath the station site is 1870 m.The subglacial landscape beneath the station is quiet sharp and ranges from 662 to 770 m a.s.l.,revealing part of a mountainous topography.The ice volume in the grid is estimated to be 7.6 km^3.Along a 60-MHz radar profile with a length of 17.6 km at the region covering the station site,some disturbed internal layers are identified and traced;the geometry of internal layers within the englacial stratigraphy may imply a complex depositional process in the area.

Beauty in Sense, Sound and Form in Poetry Translation —— Translation of Tang Poems From Chinese to English

本文对诗歌翻译的三要素 :意美、声美、形美作一简要的介绍和分析。其中主要以唐诗的翻译为例 ,说明翻译是一种再创作的过程。

基于压缩感知EPI的ASL技术在健康志愿者脑灌注成像中的应用研究

目的探讨基于联合压缩感知(Compressed Sensing,CS)平面回波成像(Echo Planer Imaging,EPI)的动脉自旋标记(Arterial Spin Labeling,ASL)技术,即EPICS-ASL序列在脑灌注成像中的应用价值,并与传统EPI-ASL序列进行比较。方法前瞻性收集30例志愿者行EPICS-ASL和传统EPI-ASL序列扫描。在ASL原始图上选取基底节、灰质、白质、脑干和小脑作为感兴趣区(Region of Interest,ROI),测量并计算各ROI的信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio,SNR)和灰质/白质对比噪声比(Contrast to Noise Ratio,CNR灰质/白质);2名医师独立双盲采用4分法主观评估两组图像质量。采用配对t检验比较两组图像的SNR和CNR灰质/白质,采用秩和检验比较两组图像主观评分结果。结果客观评价,EPICS-ASL组各ROI的SNR和CNR灰质/白质均优于EPI-ASL组各ROI的SNR和CNR灰质/白质(均P<0.001);主观评价,EPICS-ASL组的图像质量评分也优于EPI-ASL组(均P<0.001)。结论EPICS-ASL序列显著优于传统EPI-ASL序列的图像SNR和CNR,图像质量更高,具有进一步临床应用的潜力。

A Method for the Removal of Ray Refraction Effects in Multibeam Echo Sounder Systems

To a multibeam echo sounder system (MBES), under water sound refraction plays an important role in depth measure- ment accuracy, and errors in sound velocity profile lead to inaccuracies in the measured depth (especially for outer beams). A method is developed to estimate the sound velocity profile based on the depth measured by vertical beam. Using this depth and other pa- rameters, such as t (sound pulse propagation time), θ (beam inclination angle), etc. We can estimate a simple sound velocity profile with which the depth error has been reduced. This method has been tested with a real dataset acquired in the East China Sea.

Acoustic sound speed profile inversion based on orthogonal matching pursuit

The estimation of ocean sound speed profiles(SSPs)requires the inversion of an acoustic field using limited observations.Such inverse problems are underdetermined,and require regularization to ensure physically realistic solutions.The empirical orthonormal function(EOF)is capable of a very large compression of the data set.In this paper,the non-linear response of the sound pressure to SSP is linearized using a first order Taylor expansion,and the pressure is expanded in a sparse domain using EOFs.Since the parameters of the inverse model are sparse,compressive sensing(CS)can help solve such underdetermined problems accurately,efficiently,and with enhanced resolution.Here,the orthogonal matching pursuit(OMP)is used to estimate range-independent acoustic SSPs using the simulated acoustic field.The superior resolution of OMP is demonstrated with the SSP data from the South China Sea experiment.By shortening the duration of the training set,the temporal correlation between EOF and test sets is enhanced,and the accuracy of sound velocity inversion is improved.The SSP estimation error versus depth is calculated,and the 99%confidence interval of error is within±0.6 m/s.The 82%of mean absolute error(MAE)is less than 1 m/s.It is shown that SSPs can be well estimated using OMP.

Identification of denatured and normal biological tissues based on compressed sensing and refined composite multi-scale fuzzy entropy during high intensity focused ultrasound treatment

In high intensity focused ultrasound(HIFU)treatment,it is crucial to accurately identify denatured and normal biological tissues.In this paper,a novel method based on compressed sensing(CS)and refined composite multi-scale fuzzy entropy(RCMFE)is proposed.First,CS is used to denoise the HIFU echo signals.Then the multi-scale fuzzy entropy(MFE)and RCMFE of the denoised HIFU echo signals are calculated.This study analyzed 90 cases of HIFU echo signals,including 45 cases in normal status and 45 cases in denatured status,and the results show that although both MFE and RCMFE can be used to identify denatured tissues,the intra-class distance of RCMFE on each scale factor is smaller than MFE,and the inter-class distance is larger than MFE.Compared with MFE,RCMFE can calculate the complexity of the signal more accurately and improve the stability,compactness,and separability.When RCMFE is selected as the characteristic parameter,the RCMFE difference between denatured and normal biological tissues is more evident than that of MFE,which helps doctors evaluate the treatment effect more accurately.When the scale factor is selected as 16,the best distinguishing effect can be obtained.

20 TO 30-DAY AND 30 TO 60-DAY OSCILLATIONS IN ASSIMILATED GLOBAL DATASETS USING TRMM RAINFALL OBSERVATIONS

The influences of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission （TRMM） precipitation products on the structure and underlying physics of intraseasonal oscillation （ISO） are investigated with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Earth Observing System model version 3 （GEOS-3） data assimilation system （DAS）. The strong ISO phase in the 1998 summer is apparently located in the Asian monsoon region and the east equatorial Pacific region. The eastward propagation is a dominant feature for the tropical ISO at 20 to 30-day oscillation while the northeastward propagation is the salient ISO at 30 to 60-day oscillation over the 10~N to 25~N belt region. It appears that the Kelvin wave structure is for the tropical 20 to 30-day oscillation. The tropical 30 to 60-day oscillation has the characteristics of the Kelvin-Rossby wave. The impact of satellite-derived precipitation （and its associated latent heating） on the ISO intensity is limited in the GEOS-3 assimilation system. However, its impact on the ISO spatial structures is obvious. Overall, the results demonstrate a better eastward propagation and a northward propagation of ISO with the TRMM precipitation simulation, indicating that latent heating is very important in exciting the equatorial ISO. Key words： 20 to 30-day oscillation; 30 to 60-day oscillation; GEOS data assimilation system; Kelvin wave; TRMM precipitation

A Particle Filter Based Compressive Sensing Method for Tracking Moving Wideband Sound Sources

Tracking moving wideband sound sources is one of the most challenging issues in the acoustic array signal processing which is based on the direction of arrival(DOA) estimation. Compressive sensing(CS) is a recent theory exploring the signal sparsity representation, which has been proved to be superior for the DOA estimation. However, the spatial aliasing and the offset at endfire are the main obstacles for CS applied in the wideband DOA estimation. We propose a particle filter based compressive sensing method for tracking moving wideband sound sources. First, the initial DOA estimates are obtained by wideband CS algorithms. Then, the real sources are approximated by a set of particles with different weights assigned. The kernel density estimator is used as the likelihood function of particle filter. We present the results for both uniform and random linear array. Simulation results show that the spatial aliasing is disappeared and the offset at endfire is reduced. We show that the proposed method can achieve satisfactory tracking performance regardless of using uniform or random linear array.

Comprehensive Study of Inversion Methods for Sound Speed Profiles in the South China Sea

Traditional acquisition method of sound speed profiles using hydro-acoustic instruments is accurate but time-consuming and costly.To overcome this problem,some inversion methods have been developed over the last few decades.In this study,a comprehensive comparison of two inversion methods–the acoustic inversion method(AIM)and the satellite observation reconstruction method(SOR)–is presented.For AIM,the sound speed profile is first parameterized by the empirical orthogonal function(EOF)and the optimal parameters are searched by simulated annealing algorithm with respect to the cross-correlation function of the receiving signal and the simulation signal.For SOR,remotely sensed data are used to construct sound speed profiles.An experiment was conducted in the northeast of the South China Sea to verify the two methods.Both methods can obtain sound speed profiles quickly and cheaply.Compared with the sound speed profiles obtained by a conductivity-temperature-depth(CTD)instrument,the root-meansquare-error(RMSE)of AIM is 0.55 m s^(−1) and that of SOR is 1.71 m s^(−1).It is clear that AIM provides better inversion performance than SOR.Another primary benefit of AIM is that this method has no limitation to the inversion depth.The simulation results of sound propagation in regard to the inversed sound speed profiles show that the transmission losses of AIM and CTD are consistent and that of SOR is adversely affected by the inversion error of the sound speed and the inversion depth.But SOR has particular advantages in the inversion coverage.Together,all of these advantages make the AIM particularly valuable in practice.

RETRIEVING ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING PROFILES AROUND TYPHOON YUNNA USING INFRARED HYPERSPECTRAL MEASUREMENTS AIRS

In this study,we derived atmospheric profiles of temperature,moisture,and ozone,along with surface emissivity,skin temperature,and surface pressure,from infrared-sounder radiances under clear sky (cloudless) condition.Clouds were detected objectively using the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder under a relatively low spatial resolution and cloud-mask information from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer under a high horizontal resolution;this detection was conducted using space matching.Newton’s nonlinear physical iterative solution technique is applied to the radiative transfer equation (RTE) to retrieve temperature profiles,relative humidity profiles,and surface variables simultaneously.This technique is carried out by using the results of an eigenvector regression retrieval as the background profile and using corresponding iterative forms for the weighting functions of temperature and water-vapor mixing ratio.The iterative forms are obtained by applying the variational principle to the RTE.We also compared the retrievals obtained with different types of observations.The results show that the retrieved atmospheric sounding profile has great superiority over other observations by accuracy and resolution.Retrieved profiles can be used to improve the initial conditions of numerical models and used in areas where conventional observations are sparse,such as plateaus,deserts,and seas.

压缩感知在斜轴式马达声强成像中的应用研究

斜轴式轴向柱塞马达内部噪声源距离较近,如马达配流盘进、出油口间的距离为38 mm,且马达噪声源存在同频及倍频现象。斜轴式马达内部密集复杂的噪声源,导致频谱分析方法难以准确识别同频及倍频信号,传统声强测量的最高分辨率为50 mm,无法满足马达内部噪声源的辨识精度要求。针对传统方法难以准确辨识马达噪声源的问题,文中提出了一种基于压缩感知的声强测量方法,将压缩感知理论运用于声强云图高精度重构中,获取马达高分辨率的声强重构图像。首先,通过对斜轴式马达进行噪声辐射仿真分析,获取其外表面声场特性;然后,以马达外表面声强云图为先验信息,设计应用于马达声场的压缩感知框架,获取高精度重构马达声强云图;最后,通过马达传统声强测量与压缩感知声强测量的对比实验验证压缩感知理论对于提高马达噪声源辨识精度的可行性。结果表明,基于压缩感知的声强测量方法将马达噪声源辨识尺度从原来的70 mm提升至30 mm,提高了马达噪声源的辨识精度,实现了马达噪声源的高精度定位。

The internal COF features in Dome A of Antarctica revealed by multi-polarization-plane RES

The ice exceeding one million years old has significant meaning for verifying and interpreting the middle Pleistocene transition （MPT） and the relationship between greenhouse gas and climate change. The region near Dome A in Antarctica satisfies the conditions for obtaining million-years-old ice since it has low temperatures and low accumulation rates. We analyze the corresponding relation between radar wave features and the crystal orientation fabric （COF） types based on the results of multi-polarization plane radio echo sounding （RES）. The results show that, even in the summit of the ice sheet, the COF type is not perfect, but is an elongated single-pole COF. Principal-axis-orientation differences of the COF among the different periods exist and reveal that the ice flow orientations are not constant but deviate clockwise with the increasing depth. This may be related to the adjacent basal valley or both height and position changes of the summit during the glacial-interglacial periods.

基于多维度声学特征优选的多波束海底底质分类

海底表层底质分布信息的准确获取在构建海洋基础地理数据库中发挥着重要作用。目前,多波束是实现大范围海底底质分类的有效手段之一,基于多波束测深和反向散射强度数据所派生的声学特征被广泛应用于底质分类建模。然而,随着特征维度的增加,特征空间中存在的无关和冗余特征严重影响底质分类精度。为了定量评估声学特征对底质类别的表征能力,并消除无效特征对分类结果的干扰,本文提出了基于多维度声学特征优选的海底底质分类方法。首先,结合实际底质样本的物理属性对多维特征进行排序和优选,排除冗余和无关特征。其次,分别应用支持向量机、随机森林和深度信念网络构建海底底质监督分类模型。通过利用爱尔兰海南部多波束调查数据和实地取样信息进行试验,结果表明提出方法对海底底质的总体分类精度和Kappa系数分别最高达到了86.20%和0.834,相较于主成分分析和熵指标特征选择方法有明显提高,突出了该方法在海底底质探测及制图的应用潜力。

门控卷积神经网络多通路声学回声消除算法

多通路声重放系统能够增强听者的现实感与空间感,但在免提通信条件下,其不可避免会受到噪声和回声干扰,严重影响通信质量。针对上述问题,提出了一种基于门控卷积循环神经网络的多通路声学回声消除和噪声抑制方法。该方法以传声器接收信号和重放声道的压缩复数谱为网络输入,以近端语声的压缩复数谱为网络的输出目标,直接从传声器拾取信号中恢复近端纯净语声,无需对声重放信号进行去相关处理,解决了传统自适应滤波方法中存在的非唯一解问题,同时保证了多通路声重放质量。仿真和真实声学环境实验均表明该文所提出的方法可显著消除多通路声重放系统的噪声和回声,在语声质量和回声返回衰减增益方面均优于传统算法。

基于压缩感知技术优化脑脊液平衡式稳态自由进动序列及流体动力学序列

目的:探究中脑导水管脑脊液(CSF)平衡式稳态自由进动序列(BTFE)成像的可行性,以及不同加速因子(AF)的压缩感知(CS)技术对BTFE、CSF-PCA、CSF-Q Flow图像质量及定量参数的影响,筛选最佳AF。方法:纳入健康志愿者(HC)21名,其中16名行T2WI-DRIVE及不同AF的BTFE、CSF-PCA、CSF-Q Flow序列扫描,AF分别为0(AF0组)、2、3、4、5(CS2、CS3、CS4及CS5组);另5名除T2WI-DRIVE外,其它序列相同。对T2WI-DRIVE及BTFE(AF0)中脑导水管处流空伪影进行统计,并计算图像信噪比(SNR)及对比噪声比(CNR)。采用4分法对BTFE图像及CSF-PCA动态观察效果进行主观评分;在CSF-Q Flow上测量CSF流体动力学定量参数。比较两组图像导水管处伪影以及不同AF的BTFE图像的SNR、CNR、BTFE及CSF-PCA的主观评分以及CSF-Q Flow定量指标的差异。以P<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果:与T2WI-DRIVE序列相比,BTFE序列不易在中脑导水管处产生流空伪影。AF0、CS2、CS3、CS4、CS5组BTFE图像的SNR及CNR差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。BTFE图像中,与AF0组相比,CS2组的主观评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CS3、CS4、CS5组主观评分下降(P均<0.05);CSF-PCA图像中,与AF0组相比,CS2、CS3组的主观评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),CS4、CS5组主观评分下降(P均<0.05)。CSF-Q Flow图像中,与AF0组相比,CS3及CS5组的flux-FH、CS5组的min velocity-FH差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在对中脑导水管处CSF进行观察时,BTFE可以作为常规重T2加权序列的替代方案,图像不易出现流空伪影;结合CS技术的CSF扫描序列可以在保证图像质量和定量准确性的前提下,缩短扫描时间,提高检查成功率。临床推荐AF分别为CS2、CS3、CS2行BTFE、CSF-PCA及CSF-Q Flow序列扫描,总扫描时间为6 min 45 s;与AF0组相比,总扫描时间减少8 min 39 s(56.2%)(以心率60次/分钟为例)。

基于回声感知技术的介质温度监测

声学温度感知技术具有测温范围广、精度高、速度快等特点,在空冷系统和仓储室测温领域应用前景广阔。针对空冷系统和仓储室现有测温技术的问题,该文研究了回声法测温的可行性及稳定性,利用改进后的互相关法测得时延估计,进一步计算得到介质温度。分别用扫频脉冲信号和高斯脉冲信号作为激励声源信号进行仿真,得到高斯脉冲信号测温效果更好。在常温下进行大空间回声测温实验,并在管道内进行不同温度下的回声测温实验。结果表明,上述工况均能得到准确稳定的待测温度,最大绝对误差为±0.85◦C,有望应用在空冷系统测温和粮温测量中。

基于多目标公平感知的通感一体化恒模波形设计

为了同时实现通感一体化系统的通信和感知功能,针对多目标的公平感知和多用户符号的无错误传输问题,提出一种基于多目标公平感知的通感一体化恒模波形设计方法。该方法在考虑多用户数据符号无错误传输和波形恒模约束的前提下,建立联合波形和信号缩放因子优化的通感一体化波形设计模型。针对波形和信号缩放因子变量耦合的约束条件,利用交替优化算法进行处理。在优化波形子问题中,首先利用优化最小化算法获得原始子问题中目标照射功率和接收回波信噪比的非凸表达式的凸上界,然后利用交替方向乘子法处理发射波形的恒模约束。仿真结果表明,与最大化总目标照射功率和回波接收信噪比的波形设计方法相比,所提方法在仅损失3dB回波信噪比的情况下,能够提升多目标感知公平性,并保证通信数据符号的无错误传输。

“三美论”视角下的唐诗俄译——以俄译《登高》为例

“三美论”是由许渊冲教授提出的一种翻译实践原则,其核心在于强调译本应该兼具“意美”“音美”“形美”三者于一体。“三美论”不仅仅是汉语诗歌的评价准则,更是审视外文译本的审美标准。从这个角度出发,“三美论”对于诗歌翻译,尤其是汉语古诗词的翻译具有重要的指导作用。本文试图以俄译杜甫的唐诗《登高》为例,对А.И.Гитович和Ю.К.Щуцкий两位译者的译本进行对比,探究“三美论”对古诗俄译的指导作用。

太赫兹感知协同移动通信方法及性能评估范式

作为下一代移动通信网络的关键使能技术之一,太赫兹通信以其大带宽特性,可以满足虚拟现实、车联网、无人机通信、星间通信等多种场景的大容量传输需求。然而,移动场景下的太赫兹通信需要高精感知信息用于波束对准,现有感知协同通信方法在太赫兹系统中面临波束追不上、反射回波弱、性能评估难的技术难题,使得太赫兹通信感知一体化的系统设计悬而未决。针对上述问题,提出太赫兹感知协同移动通信方法与性能评估范式。首先利用回波信号中的相位与幅度信息分别对目标用户的方位角与切向角速度进行参数估计,之后基于克拉美罗界对感知回波和通信回波的参数信息进行融合得到目标用户角域参数信息,然后校正波束角以实现太赫兹移动通信实时波束对准。为了更好地评估所提方案性能,面向资源共享体制提出了等效对准方差与等效信道容量新指标。蒙特卡洛仿真与数值结论表明,所提方案在高用户机动、低感知资源下可以显著提升太赫兹通信感知一体化系统的感知精度与通信速率,且仍具有进一步提升性能的潜力。