The Sound Environment Evaluation of Urban Commercial Space Users in Urban Commercial Area

With the globe getting highly internationalized, commercial activities have transformed from traditional buying and selling functions into more complicated functions. Thus, sounds coming from commercial activities are becoming much more multifarious, at the same time, more annoying. This is because of Taiwan’s special residence custom. In Taiwan, most people live in the residence commercial complex zoning, which means residents expose to the commercial activities noise in daily lives. In order to investigate residence commercial complex zoning sound environment from user’s point of view, there were 800 questionnaires handed round, and 273 questionnaires were replied. There are six evaluation factors in influencing molding commercial space sound environment. According to the users’ observation and experience, three factors play important roles in influencing users’ evaluation regarding sound environment design, including amenity(pleasant, comfortable or unpleasant, uncomfortable), vitality(active or inactive) , and atmosphere of warmth (warm or cold). In the regression analysis, amenity and volume(Leq) have a negative relationship(r=-0.558), which means volume is an important factor in commercial space sound environment molding. In the past, high volume amplifier system was applied extensively in commercial district to attract more crowds. However, amenity is declined under such noisy environment. It is a very important issue to study the trade off relationship between these two situations and improve noise problem in residence-commercial complex zoning.

Discrete state space method and modal extension method based impact sound synthesis model

The efficient and accurate synthesis of physical parameter-controllable impact sounds is essential for sound source identification. In this study, an impact sound synthesis model of a cylinder is proposed based on discrete state space（DSS） method and modal extension method（MEM）. This model is comprised of the whole three processes of the physical interaction, i.e., the Hertz contact process, the transient structural response process, and the sound radiation process. Firstly,the modal expanded DSS equations of the contact system are constructed and the transient structural response of the cylinder is obtained. Then the impact sound of the cylinder is acquired using improved discrete Raleigh integral. Finally, the proposed model is verified by comparing with existing models. The results show that the proposed impact sound synthesis model is more accurate and efficient than the existing methods and easy to be extended to the impact sound synthesis of other structures.

Some Aspects of Ray Representation Running Sound Waves in Liquid Spaces

Work is devoted to the analysis of errors meeting in literature in treatment of a spatial part of a phase of running sound waves. In some cases, it is not taken into consideration that this part of a phase is formed by scalar product of vectors which does not depend on a choice of system of co-ordinates. Taking into account the necessary corrections in record of a phase of plane waves, it is shown that the decision of the homogeneous wave equation in the form of “belated” potentials is simultaneously and the decision of the equations of movement of a liquid, and “outstripped” potentials does not satisfy them. The analysis of coefficients of reflection and passage of running waves in non-uniform space is carried out. It is shown that on boundary of spaces with different sound speeds, a turning point of a sound wave is the point of full internal reflection. The way of calculation of coefficients of reflection and passage is offered by consideration of all three waves on boundary of spaces as vectors with the set directions and amplitude of a falling wave. Calculation of coefficients of reflection and passage of a sound wave in a wave-guide of canonical type along the chosen trajectory by two methods—under traditional formulas and a vector method is carried out. Results of calculation practically coincide.

A New Concept of Calculation Coefficietns of Reflection and Passage Sound Waves on the Boundary of Liquid Spaces

It is consider that, from the standpoint of the law of conservation of energy, the process of converting sound wave falls on the boundary between two spaces in two, leaving the boundary, reflected and passage. It is assumed that the simultaneous presence of three waves is impossible, and that the process of converting one wave in two waves occurs instantaneously. Based on this concept, enter the following boundary conditions for the calculation of amplitudes (coefficients) of the reflected and passage waves. The initial phases of the reflected and passage waves coincide with the phase of the falling wave. The energy of the falling wave is equal to the sum of the energies of the reflected and passage waves. The normal component velocity amplitude of the particle of the liquid under the influence of the falling wave is equal to the sum of the normal component of particle velocity amplitudes of the reflected and passage waves. It was found that the character of dependence of the reflection coefficient on the angle of departure of the initial wave is the same as in the traditional formulas, but the coefficient of passage does not exceed unity. Calculations of reflection and passage coefficients for different values of the refractive coefficient at the boundary between two homogeneous spaces as well as the canonical form of the waveguide, wherein the speed of sound which is minimum at predetermined depth is carried out.

室内空间中人造板的隔声性能及规律研究

人造板作为室内装饰、装修的重要材料之一,会对室内空间的声学环境产生重要影响,研究人造板在室内空间中的隔声性能具有重要意义。基于此,本研究分别对人造板单板结构、箱框结构和以石膏板为背板的箱框结构的隔声性能进行分析。结果表明,板材类型对隔声性能具有显著影响,在单板结构中胶合板相较其它板材具有良好的隔声性能;箱框结构能够显著提高单板结构的隔声性能,五种人造板制成的箱框结构的隔声量分别提升了30.77%(中纤板)、7.14%(胶合板)、29.17%(刨花板)、44.00%(指接板)和18.52%(细木工板);另外,采用胶结合连接的人造板-石膏板箱框结构能够保持良好的隔声性能。这能为人造板在室内空间的应用和室内环境优化提供科学依据。

船用C型夹层板隔声性能研究

夹层板作为一种新型结构,具有设计性强、重量轻、比刚度高、减振隔声性能好等优点,已被应用于各种工程结构。然而,其夹层结构形式种类繁多,对复杂夹层结构的隔声性能进行理论分析比较困难,亟需开展新的近似分析方法。本文针对船用C型夹层板,基于弹簧、扭簧与集中质量的等效方法,建立C型夹层板的声振耦合控制方程,利用空间谐波展开法,推导C型夹层结构的传声损失表达式,讨论夹层板系统参数对结构隔声性能的影响规律。结果表明,材料属性与夹层板结构面板的厚度对C型夹层板结构隔声性能的影响较大。同时,通过有限元仿真,验证了理论分析的有效性。

触摸屏按键设计对交互绩效与用户体验的影响

为了系统考察声音反馈、按键尺寸、按键间距对于触屏交互绩效和负荷的影响,设计开展了2项试验。30名和24名志愿者分别在声音反馈(有/无)和按键尺寸(5,10,20 mm)组合条件,以及按键尺寸(8,11,14,17 mm)和按键间距(1,4 mm)组合条件下开展数字输入任务,记录输入速度、输入准确率和主观评价。结果表明:声音反馈可提升触屏交互绩效,在按键尺寸为5 mm时提升效果较明显。按键尺寸方面,10 mm和20 mm尺寸的触屏交互绩效无显著差异;当按键尺寸减小到8 mm时,绩效变差;减小到5 mm时,绩效大幅变差;14 mm具有最优的交互绩效和主观满意度。按键间距方面,4 mm间距的触屏输入正确率及主观满意度显著高于1 mm间距。综合手指触屏区域宽度的测量数据,推荐最小适宜按键尺寸为11~14 mm,适宜按键间距为4 mm,并建议在触屏交互中加入按键声音反馈。

可控源音频大地电磁测深法在地热水找矿勘查中的应用

贵州省荔波县处于扬子准地台黔南台陷贵定南北向构造变形区的有利空间部位,该变形区发育一系列高温地热水资源,具有集中开发绿色清洁能源的优势。针对该区域热源异常区普遍埋藏深的特征,采用可控源音频大地电磁测深法对深部热源场和导热构造等进行了预测。结果表明:①研究区地表无明显的地热异常显示,但根据地质条件等综合认为该区域具有寻找深部热水的条件;②通过可控源音频大地电磁测深验证了该区域深埋的3条断裂构造,其低阻体的空间分布及延伸特征与耕者倒转背斜吻合,下部F 2上盘与其接触部位、低阻碎屑岩层下部存在的宽缓次低阻带,为研究区主要储水储热有利部位,是进一步勘查的重点靶区;③储水有利部位为埋深2000~2800 m的次低阻带,同时钻孔还应充分考虑F_(2)、F_(5)断裂在深部的空间展布情况。

基于互联互通时代背景下自助型录音空间在城市推广的可行性研究

随着互联网电子智能化潮流在社会生活中的广泛兴起,互联互通的智能化应用搭建起社会各个行业之间的互通桥梁,如何将数字智能化与文化服务有机结合推进新时代文化建设成为不可忽视的时代新命题。伴随着技术进步和社会需求变化,我们不仅需要关注数字智能化对文化产业的影响,还需探索新的文化服务形式。在此背景之下,自助型录音空间作为一种基于听觉文化服务的新兴文化服务方式,成为人们关注和研究的焦点。该文旨在探讨互联互通的时代背景下,自助型录音空间参与地方公共文化服务的有效路径与可行性,评估自助型录音空间的发展前景、潜在优势和可能性挑战,提出推动社会文化发展的可行性建议。

基于微缝折叠空间结构的宽带吸声超材料设计

如何实现低频宽带吸声,设计具有亚波长厚度的吸声超材料一直是一项具有挑战性的任务。提出了一种微缝折叠空间超材料结构,建立结构的理论解析模型与数值仿真模型,深入研究其声学特性和吸声机理,分析了典型结构参数对吸声特性的影响规律,基于此探究实现低频宽带吸声的可能性。研究表明,通过调整折叠空间厚度及折叠通道数目,可以在较大的频带范围内调节结构的峰值频率,同时不改变其近完美的吸声性能。最后,提出了一种宽带吸声超材料,在500~2 000 Hz频率内获得平均吸声系数达0.931的连续高效吸声带宽。结构厚度为5.68 cm,仅为最低共振频率对应波长的1/12,试验结果良好。研究成果可为实现宽带吸声提供借鉴。

基于雷达信号转换的多维空间声音识别技术

为增加雷达信号的识别方式,提出一种基于雷达信号转换的多维空间声音识别技术。首先,将脉冲式的雷达信号拼接为连续特征声音信号;其次,使用高斯混合模型(Gaussian Mixed Model,GMM)训练拼接后的声信号;再次,根据GMM准则将未知雷达目标转化为特征向量,并与已训练的多维特征向量做对比,得到未知声目标的最大输出概率类型;最后,进行实验分析。实验结果表明,采用基于雷达信号转换的多维空间声音识别技术可以有效识别不同类型的雷达目标,为识别雷达信号提供了一种特殊的识别特征。

分布式耦合空间对多功能厅堂音质影响的模拟研究

目的探究分布式耦合空间对多功能厅堂音质的影响规律,以改善多功能厅室内声环境。方法以东北大学多功能厅为例,先对该厅堂的基础数据进行调研分析;然后利用Odeon软件建立分布式耦合空间模型,并与实测数据对比,验证可行性;分析耦合空间的材料、构造和耦合面面积对声能衰减度和混响时间的影响;最后,设置两种模拟工况来优化改造方案。结果主空间声环境得到优化,主空间混响时间降低约30%,语言传输指数提升至良好水平。结论在保证原建筑设计风格的基础上,利用分布式耦合空间可以调节主空间声环境,主空间音质效果提升良好,为多功能厅声环境设计提供技术支撑。

铁路客站拱形高大候车厅音质设计研究与应用

针对铁路客站拱形高大候车厅开展室内音质提升研究,建立候车厅室内建筑声学仿真模型,采用高指向性阵列扬声器作为声源,在主要候车区和旅客通道分散设置接收点,计算天窗下垂片、拱形单元体侧面及底面、座椅等不同位置设置吸声材料时的室内混响时间及语言传输指数,分析不同混响时间条件下广播清晰度的变化规律,对比候车厅内不同区域广播清晰度的差异。根据仿真结果,以主要候车区域获得较高的广播清晰度为目标,提出候车厅吸声材料设置方案及电声方案,并实测应用效果。

基于空间解析几何模型的多波束测线研究——以渤海某海域为例

以渤海某海域为例,文章主要研究了多波束测线测量方法。在对覆盖宽度、重叠率及测线布置等问题进行深入分析的基础上,综合应用了空间解析几何模型与平面解析几何模型,使用迭代算法构建了海水深度、坡角与覆盖宽度、重叠率之间的模型。

New Method in Calculating the Trajectory of Sound Waves at Stratified Ocean

There is a new method of calculating the trajectory of sound waves (rays) in layered stratified speed of sound in ocean without dispersion. A sound wave in the fluid is considered as a vector. The amplitudes occurring at the boundary layers of the reflected and refracted waves are calculated according to the law of addition of vectors and using the law of conservation of energy, as well as the laws that determine the angles of reflection and refraction. It is shown that in calculating the trajectories, the reflected wave must be taken into account. The reflecting wave’s value may be about 1 at certain angles of the initial wave output from the sours. Reflecting wave forms the so-called water rays, which do not touch the bottom and the surface of the ocean. The conditions of occurrence of the water rays are following. The sum of the angles of the incident and refracted waves (rays) should be a right angle, and the tangent of the angle of inclination of the incident wave is equal to the refractive index. Under these conditions, the refracted wave amplitude vanishes. All sound energy is converted into the reflected beam, and total internal reflection occurs. In this paper, the calculation of the amplitudes and beam trajectories is conducted for the canonical type of waveguide, in which the speed of sound is asymmetric parabola. The sound source is placed at the depth of the center of the parabola. Total internal reflection occurs in a narrow range of angles of exit beams from the source 43° - 45°. Within this range of angles, the water rays form and not touch the bottom and surface of ocean. Outside this range, the bulk of the beam spreads, touching the bottom and the surface of the ocean. When exit corners, equal and greater than 77°, at some distance the beam becomes horizontal and extends along the layer, without leaving it. Calculation of the wave amplitudes excludes absorption factor. Note that the formula for amplitudes of the sound waves applies to light waves.

To the Question of Sound Waves Propagation in Liquid

This paper is proposed to consider the propagation of sound waves in the liquid as a result of special deformation of the medium. Mechanical vibrations of the membrane, (diaphragm) creating a sound wave, transfer from layer to layer in medium without causing synchronous oscillations of the fluid particles. It can be assumed that the deformation of the liquid is similar to the driving force (pressure) in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the vibrating membrane. Usually, the running wave functions are used to describe the sound waves, but they do not contain the direction of propagation. It is proposed to consider that the amplitude of the wave is a vector coinciding with the vector tangent to the path of the wave. This would allow for a change of direction of propagation without changing its phase, in which the direction of wave is not present. It proposed a method of calculating a vector of amplitudes of the reflected and transmitted sound waves based on the laws of conservation of impulse and energy of the waves and the boundary conditions defined by Snell’s law. It is shown that one of the two solutions of the wave equation does not apply to real physical process of sound wave’s propagation in the liquid.

扩声系统在大型体育场馆安装施工技术

国家速滑馆是全冰面大型体育场馆,作为2022年北京冬奥会速度滑冰比赛场馆,扩声系统在比赛过程中有着至关重要的作用。针对不同体育比赛类型对扩声系统的要求,结合超大建筑空间以及整体冰面的声音环境特点,扩声系统可以满足不同比赛形式、观众规模和使用功能的需求。通过不同场景的设置与调试,确保国家速滑馆扩声系统各项声学指标达到国家一级标准。整个系统的语言声音清晰、音乐解析度佳、响度和平衡感足够。

老年性聋患者噪声下声源定位能力评估

目的评估老年性聋患者噪声下声源定位能力,探讨年龄、听力损失对噪声下声源定位能力的影响。方法同期纳入60岁以上的老年性聋组25例,老年听力正常组、青年听力正常组各25例,完成纯音测听、安静及噪声下声源定位测试和蒙特利尔认知评估(Montreal cognitive assessment,MoCA),分别获得双耳平均听阈、均方根误差(root-mean-square error,RMSE)、MoCA得分,使用重复测量方差分析和Pearson相关统计检验。结果(1)三组的声源定位能力有显著差异(F=21.394,P<0.001),老年性聋组定位能力差于对照组(F=32.819,P均<0.01);(2)老年性聋组噪声下RMSE与年龄、4fPTA正相关,与MoCA得分负相关(P均<0.05),且控制认知得分后仍有意义。结论噪声下声源定位角度识别测试可用于老年空间听觉评估,老年性聋组表现受到年龄、听力损失影响。

变孔径微穿孔板在空间站应用的初步研究

针对国际空间站舱内噪声控制目标,分析了国际空间站某舱段噪声频谱特点,对变孔径微穿孔板的部分几何参数进行了优化,并对优化后的变孔径微穿孔板吸声性能进行了仿真分析和试验测试。结果表明:某型变孔径微穿孔板在100~400 Hz范围内的吸声系数在0.8以上,优化后的变孔径微孔板在目标吸声频段具有较好的吸声效果。

听觉感知中的噪声特性语义描述及其分析

基于听觉感知的噪声语义描述是噪声声品质研究的基础性问题,已有研究未将语义描述与噪声来源、频谱特性以及产品运行状态等物理信息联系起来。该文分别针对飞机舱内噪声、车辆噪声和空气净化器噪声这3组典型噪声开展了主观评价实验,并通过多维尺度分析和主成分分析描述了3组噪声的语义空间,系统分析了不同类型噪声的描述词,同时解释了描述词与噪声物理属性之间的联系。研究发现:飞机舱内噪声、车辆噪声以及空气净化器噪声可以由4维、4维和3维语义空间进行描述;不同类型噪声在语义描述中具有共性与个性,3组噪声语义的主要维度均与嘈杂感相关,而噪声的个性描述词与其声源的物理属性密切相关;进行声品质建模及应用时,应同时考虑噪声共性和个性描述词对听觉感知的影响,采取有针对性的措施以提升产品声品质。该文从听觉感知的角度进行了噪声特性的语义描述和分析,研究结果可为产品声品质以及噪声控制研究提供帮助。