The Basic Role of Cultural Knowledge of Both the Source and Target Culture in Translation

Cultural knowledge of both the source and target culture plays a significant role in the translation. For the reason that translation is an activity of cross-cultural communication, cultural knowledge can bring the important impact on translation, including facilitating the quality of translation, overcoming cultural barriers and equipping translators as qualified intercultural communicators. From above aspects, cultural knowledge is taking up a dominant position in translation and influencing translation effectively.

Source-to-Source Translation and Software Engineering

Source-to-source translation of programs from one high level language to another has been shown to be an effective aid to programming in many cases. By the use of this approach, it is sometimes possible to produce software more cheaply and reliably. However, the full potential of this technique has not yet been realized. It is proposed to make source-to-source translation more effective by the use of abstract languages, which are imperative languages with a simple syntax and semantics that facilitate their translation into many different languages. By the use of such abstract languages and by translating only often-used fragments of programs rather than whole programs, the need to avoid writing the same program or algorithm over and over again in different languages can be reduced. It is further proposed that programmers be encouraged to write often-used algorithms and program fragments in such abstract languages. Libraries of such abstract programs and program fragments can then be constructed, and programmers can be encouraged to make use of such libraries by translating their abstract programs into application languages and adding code to join things together when coding in various application languages. This approach can also improve program reliability, because it is only necessary to verify the abstract programs once instead of verifying them separately in each application language. Also, this approach makes it possible to generate code faster than programming from scratch each time. This approach is compared to the use of libraries and to other methods in current use for communication between programming languages and translation between languages.

Study on Characteristics of 3-D Translating-Pulsating Source Green Function of Deep-Water Havelock Form and Its Fast Integration Method

The singularities, oscillatory performances and the contributing factors to the 3-＇D translating-pulsating source Green function of deep-water Havelock form which consists of a local disturbance part and a far-field wave-like part, are analyzed systematically. Relative numerical integral methods about the two parts are presented in this paper. An improved method based on LOBATTO rule is used to eliminate singularities caused respectively by infinite discontinuity and jump discontinuous node from the local disturbance part function, which makes the improvement of calculation efficiency and accuracy possible. And variable substitution is applied to remove the singularity existing at the end of the integral interval of the far-field wave-like part function. Two auxiliary techniques such as valid interval calculation and local refinement of integral steps technique in narrow zones near false singularities are applied so as to avoid unnecessary integration of invalid interval and improve integral accordance. Numerical test results have proved the efficiency and accuracy in these integral methods that thus can be applied to calculate hydrodynamic performance of floating structures moving in waves.

Numerical study on wave loads and motions of two ships advancing in waves by using three-dimensional translating-pulsating source

A frequency domain analysis method based on the three-dimensional translating-pulsating （3DTP） source Green function is developed to investigate wave loads and free motions of two ships advancing on parallel course in waves. Two experiments are carried out respectively to mea- sure the wave loads and the free motions for a pair of side-by- side arranged ship models advancing with an identical speed in head regular waves. For comparison, each model is also tested alone. Predictions obtained by the present solution are found in favorable agreement with the model tests and are more accurate than the traditional method based on the three dimensional pulsating （3DP） source Green function. Numer- ical resonances and peak shift can be found in the 3DP pre- dictions, which result from the wave energy trapped in the gap between two ships and the extremely inhomogeneous wave load distribution on each hull. However, they can be eliminated by 3DTP, in which the speed affects the free sur- face and most of the wave energy can be escaped from the gap. Both the experiment and the present prediction show that hydrodynamic interaction effects on wave loads and free motions are significant. The present solver may serve as a validated tool to predict wave loads and motions of two ves- sels under replenishment at sea, and may help to evaluate the hydrodynamic interaction effects on the ships safety in replenishment operation.

翻译中失去的到底是什么?——Poetry is what gets lost in translation出处之考辨及其语境分析

《探源》一文并未探到"Poetry is what gets lost in translation"这句"引语"的源头,本文质疑这句"名言"之由来并考证其出处,证明此"引语"不见于弗罗斯特生前公开发表以及后人搜集编纂出版的任何诗体和散文体作品,呈现弗罗斯特关于"译诗会有所失"之论述的原文原貌并结合其所在语境分析这段原文,商榷"诗乃翻译中失去的东西"这句汉语译文,呼吁翻译理论工作者用更加严肃认真的科学态度对待学术引征。

英汉翻译中的“Translationese”

由于英汉语言文化背景各异 ,行文结构与谴词造句的习惯也相去甚远 ,因而在语际转换过程中不可避免地会产生种种矛盾。翻译的过程其实就是这些矛盾不断妥协、不断变通的过程。在实际翻译过程中 ,由于受到源语先入为主的影响 ,译者稍有不慎就有可能亦步亦趋 ,使译文不合的语习惯 ,形成所谓的“翻译腔”。英汉翻译中的“翻译腔”是影响译文质量的主要问题之一。该文通过列举“翻译腔”的主要表现形式 ,探讨了其产生的原因及减少和避免“翻译腔”的途径 ,以使译文更接近于“信、达、切”

Translation of Chinese Advertising Slogans

With the globalization of world economy and the rapid development of Chinese economy,the English translation of commercial advertisements has become more and more important in China.Advertising slogan means a lot of things in an advertisement.Advertising slogans are claimed to be,and often proven to be,the most effective means of drawing attentions to one or more aspects of a product.This paper attempts to discuss the characteristics of advertising slogans both in English and in Chinese and especially in the relevance of Strategies in English Translations of Chinese Advertising Slogans with the aim of improving the translation skills.

A Brief Analysis of Features and Strategies of International Publicity Translation

International publicity translation,functioning as a means of information dissemination to international communities,is an important tool skillfully employed by translators who undertake an occupation in international publicity translation.However,in the concrete practice of international publicity translation,not all translators can proficiently employ the tool,we can find many mis⁃translations,and the reasons can be traced back to the translators’fuzzy knowledge of the features of international publicity transla⁃tion.Compared with other kinds of translation,the following two points should be emphasized:1)international publicity translation should achieve the purpose of positively disseminating the situation of China.2)translators should pay special attention to differ⁃ences between China and other countries,including national condition,culture and language.Thus,translators should pay attention to the cross-cultural feature and adopt special strategies in translation.

Understanding of Form and Content in Nida's Translation Theory

由于语言以不同的形式而存在 ,为了达意 ,有时我们必须改变语言的形式。

The Myth of the Omniscient Translator and the Perfect Translation

Translation is a complex and misleading field of knowledge. Many people consider that some translators are incredibly skillful and that "perfect" translation truly exists. While this fantasy is so appealing, we must know that such things as perfect translation and omni- scient translators do not exist, and the reasons are often too subtle for people to realize. Even though the prospect of translation seems to be a little bit frustrating, it is not a hopeless field where we can still make progress. In this essay, I will first introduce what are "omniscient translator" and "perfect translation", and then I will analyze why they do not exist in real world, and why many people take these two fantasies for granted. At last, I will tell that what we can do to get improvement in translation.

On Impacts of Cultural Soft Power on Translation -by Analyzing Popularity of Yu Hua’s Works in US

With the emergence of the Cultural School in the 1990s, researchers began to deem that translation is inevitably associated with political tendencies and aspirations of social groups, and the relationship between source language and target language has never gone beyond politics and are always entangled with power. From political perspective, this thesis will take the popularity of Yu Hua’s works in US into account to analyze and explore how cultural soft power, has impacts on translation activities, especially translation direction and source text selection.

On Achieving Uniform Translation Style of Translation Team Projects—A MTI Translation Project of Zhejiang University as an Example

This paper aims to solve two major stylistic issues a translation team faces in carrying out a translation project. First,what is the style to be established for the TT? What should be done to achieve a uniform translation style of the team?

A Research Report on the Short Story Translation of Dimensions

This paper is a reflective research report based on my translation of the short story Dimension. The author Alice Monroe's works have their distinctive features. Relative to other genres, literary works appear to be more to life and easy to understand. But there still have rare words, long sentences and complex syntax. To convey its original conception and preserve the intrinsic style, I did the translation under the standards of theories learn from the course named basic translation. In addition, a variety of translation techniques widly employed, to solve problems in the long sentences and complex sentences translation.

University Profile Translation Based on Skopos Theory

University profile translation belongs to publicity translation and is different from other translations in style.Its main functions are informative and vocative.Skopos theory is one of most important theories in German functionalist approaches.According to the theory,translation is an action with a certain Skopos.The purpose decides the translating process.Therefore,this paper is aimed to explore the translation of Chinese university profiles from the Skopos theory from the angle of translational skopos and source text analyzing.By exemplification and comparison between the source texts and translated texts,it is concluded in the paper that adaption is available in translation strategy-selecting in order to achieve its informative and vocative function.

基于多模式预报的四川盆地强降水订正方法

四川盆地地形地貌复杂,强降水预报难度大,对模式降水预报产品进行订正,是提升强降水预报质量的重要手段。本文选取2018—2019年发生在四川盆地的35次强降水过程,对ECMWF、CMA_MESO和SWC_WARMS三种模式的24 h强降水预报采用常规评分和空间平移两个方法进行检验,并利用最优评分、多模式集成和位移订正三种方法进行订正试验。结果表明:最优评分订正方法可以有效改善各模式降水预报的强度,而多模式集成订正法可以改进降水落区和极值预报,在此基础上计算位移偏差,根据最优的位移偏差值对降水预报进行位移订正,可以进一步改进强降水落区预报效果。然后利用2020—2021年强降水过程进行订正效果验证,结果显示:经订正后的降水极值预报更接近实况,各量级降水预报评分明显优于单一模式,暴雨和大暴雨预报的TS评分提高率较最优单模式分别可达24.3%和42.8%,订正后空报率基本维持,漏报率显著下降,订正效果良好。

An Analysis of Problematic C-E Translations of Signs in Light of Nida's Functional Equivalence Theory

Based on Nida’s Functional Equivalence theory,this article makes an analysis of the problems in C-E translations ofsigns in China.The author will discuss respectively the problematic C-E translations from two respects:1)not being equivalent tosource-language message,and 2)not being natural for target language.If translators work hard with the help of Nida’s functionalequivalence theory,the defects and imperfections will be discovered,and standard signs in English will be read more and more inpublic places.

从功能主义翻译理论看中国畅销小说“走出去”战略——以《狼图腾》英译本为例

功能主义翻译理论关注文本外因素,而非仅文本内因素。畅销小说的翻译除了考虑自身语言特征和主题内容之外,同样需要考虑诸多文本外因素,如译文的期望功能、目标受众需求和阅读习惯、发起人和出版商的要求等,从而让畅销小说成功走出国门并获取巨大的社会和经济效益。该文通过梳理功能主义翻译理论发展历程和畅销小说译介的影响因素,以英文版《狼图腾》为例进行深入剖析,得出功能主义适用于指导畅销小说翻译的结论。功能主义翻译理论不仅可以丰富中国畅销小说翻译方法的选择,促进畅销小说的对外译介,还有利于中华文化的传播。

源语透过效应下流水句英译文本的意合性特征

在汉语流水句的英译过程中,添加恰当的关联词语是最常见的译文语篇建构方式,但在“源语透过效应”的作用下,意合现象在英译文本中普遍存在。意合的无标记性关联手段与形合的标记性连贯手段在流水句的英译过程中具有等效的语篇建构功能。“源语透过效应”使源语的语言特征无形中转移到译语语言中,使形合的英语文本呈现汉语特有的意合性特征。