Correlation Degree and Correlation Coefficient of Multi-Output Functions

We present definitions of the correlation degree and correlation coefficient of multi-output functions. Two relationships about the correlation degree of multi-output functions are proved. One is between the correlation degree and independency, the other is between the correlation degree and balance. Especially the paper discusses the correlation degree of affine multioutput functions. We demonstrate properties of the correlation coefficient of multi-output functions. One is the value range of the correlation coefficient, one is the relationship between the correlation coefficient and independency, and another is the sufficient and necessary condition that two multi-output functions are equivalent to each other.

The effects of degree correlations on network topologies and robustness

Complex networks have been applied to model numerous interactive nonlinear systems in the real world. Knowledge about network topology is crucial to an understanding of the function, performance and evolution of complex systems. In the last few years, many network metrics and models have been proposed to investigate the network topology, dynamics and evolution. Since these network metrics and models are derived from a wide range of studies, a systematic study is required to investigate the correlations among them. The present paper explores the effect of degree correlation on the other network metrics through studying an ensemble of graphs where the degree sequence （set of degrees） is fixed. We show that to some extent, the characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, modular extent and robustness of networks are directly influenced by the degree correlation.

Application of Grey Correlation Degree Analysis in Broad Bean Strain Screening

[Objectives] The aim was to clarify the target and approach to purifying and selecting Baoshan Touxinlv broad bean. [Methods] In 2012,5 homozygous strains were selected successfully as the material,and completely randomized block arrangement was adopted with 3 repeated trials to analyze the effects of plant height,effective length of podding branches,branch number per plant,pod number per plant,grain number per pod and 100-grain weight on the yield of each plant in the system. [Results] The results showed that the effects of the various factors on the yield of Baoshan broad beans were in the order of grain number per pod 〉 effective length of podding branches 〉 100-grain weight 〉 pod number per plant 〉 branch number per plant 〉 plant height. [Conclusions]In breeding new strains of Baoshan broad beans,under the premise of ensuring the seed nature and quality of the original variety,priority should be given to the gain number per pod and the increment of effective length of podding branches,followed by the pod number per plant,branch number per plant,plant height,which is the best way to breed new strains of Baoshan Touxinlv broad beans.

Three vertex degree correlations of fixed act-size collaboration networks

A rate equation approach was presented for the exact computation of the three vertex degree correlations of the fixed act-size collaboration networks.Measurements of the three vertex degree correlations were based on a rate equation in the continuous degree and time approximation for the average degree of the nearest neighbors of vertices of degree k,with an appropriate boundary condition.The rate equation proposed can be generalized in more sophisticated growing network models,and also extended to deal with related correlation measurements.Finally,in order to check the theoretical prediction,a numerical example was solved to demonstrate the performance of the degree correlation function.

Effect of degree correlation on edge controllability of real networks

We use the controllability limit theory to study impact of correlation between in- and out-degrees (degree correlation) on edge controllability of real networks. Simulation results and analytic calculations show that the degree correlation plays an important role in the edge controllability of real networks, especially dense real networks. The upper and lower controllability limits hold for all kinds of real networks. Any edge controllability in between the limits is achievable by properly adjusting the degree correlation. In addition, we find that the edge dynamics in some real networks with positive degree correlation may be difficult to control, and explain the rationality of this anomaly based on the controllability limit theory.

An Analytical Approach for Degree Correlations in Complex Network

We investigate correlations between neighbor degrees in the scale-free network. According to the empirical studies, it is known that the degree correlations exhibit nontrivial statistical behaviors. With using an analytical approach, we show that the scale-freeness and one of statistical laws for degree correlations can be reproduced consistently in a unified framework. Our result would have its importance in understanding the mechanisms which generate the complex network.

Correlation analysis of climate comfort degree of tourism and annual variation of tourist flow in Tai’an, Shandong province

The tourism climate comfort degree can directly affect the trip of tourists,and can determine the length of the tourist season and the development of the tourist projects.In order to explore the relationship between the climate comfort degree and the annual variation of tourist flow combined with 1981-2010 climate related data,this paper analyzes the comfort degree of tourism climate in Tai’an,the annual change divide tourist season into high season,shoulder season and off-season.With regression analysis,the correlation between tourism climate comfort degree and annual variation of passenger flow is analyzed.The final result is as follows:As for Tai’an,in May and September the rank of humiditytemperature index(THI)is A,with the most pleasant climate,the most suitable for tourism activities.In April,August and October the rank of THI is B or b,represented as suitable climate,suitable for tourism activities.In June and July,the climate is hot,with a low tourism suitability grade,In February,March and November,the climate is cold,with a poor tourism suitability grade.In January and December the climate is frigid,not suitable for tourism activities.The final conclusion is below:the tourist traffic variation within the year is mainly affected by climate comfort effect.The elastic coefficient is 0.927%.In addition,the tourist traffic variation within the year is also affected by the summer vacation,the Golden Week and the impact of preferential policies.All the above provide a scientific basis for the prediction of Tai’an’s tourist flow in a year,the development of tourism and tourist scenic management.

Application of grey weighted related degree to the ambient air quality assessment

It is difficult to establish the integrated method to assess the ambient air quality because the atmospheric environmental system is composed of several environmental elements, which contains many contanination factors. In view of the typical grey system character of the monitored data in the ambient air, this paper introduces the weighted value to obtain related degree during applying the method of grey related degree analvsis to assess ambient air quality by each polluting factor producing different effects on the environment quality. This method could give more reasonable and reliable evaluating results. Taking the monitored data of Harbin, a provincial city of Heilongjiang, for example in this paper, the result of assessment by this method was coincide,It with the actual environmental quality of Harbin.

The Changes of Fiscal Agriculture-Supporting Expenditure and Farmers' Income Based on Grey Correlation Theory

According to the relevant data of China Statistical Yearbook and Chinese Rural Statistical Yearbook in the year of 2009,the changes of grey correlation degree of farmers' net income,various items of incomes,national gross agriculture-supporting expenditure and various items of expenditures,farmers' net income and various items of fiscal agriculture-supporting expenditure in the Eighth Five-Year Plan,Ninth Five-Year Plan and Tenth Five-Year Plan by using grey correlation degree and the by choosing seven indicators covering income from wage and salary,income from household business,transfer income and property income,agricultural production-supporting expenditure,agricultural basic construction expenditure,expenses of three items of agricultural technology and the fee of rural relief.The results show that the grey correlation degree of each time period and household net income shows the downward trend;from overall perspective,the grey correlation degree of national gross agriculture-supporting expenditure,agricultural basic construction expenditure and agricultural production-supporting expenditure shows the descending trend;the grey correlation degree of fiscal agricultural supporting expenditure and the expenditure of three items of agricultural technology and fee of rural relief show the upward trend;the influence of agricultural production-supporting expenditure on farmers' income shows downward trend;the influence of agricultural basic construction on farmers' income shows upward trend;the fee of rural relief play an active role in the promoting the farmers' income increase;the role played by fee of rural relief in promoting farmers' income increase should be further increased;the increase of farmers' income shows great reliance on agricultural science and technology.In the end,the relevant suggestions on establishing stable increase mechanism of fiscal agricultural support and insisting on the dynamic adjustment of the structure of fiscal agricultural supporting capital are put forward.

Characterization of the pairwise correlations in different quantum networks consisting of four-wave mixers and beamsplitters

We investigate the performances of the pairwise correlations（PCs） in different quantum networks consisting of fourwave mixers（FWMs） and beamsplitters（BSs）. PCs with quantum correlation in different quantum networks can be verified by calculating the degree of relative intensity squeezing for any pair of all the output fields. More interestingly, the quantum correlation recovery and enhancement are present in the FWM＋BS network and the repulsion effect phenomena（signal（idler）-frequency mode cannot be quantum correlated with the other two idler（signal）-frequency modes simultaneously）between the PCs with quantum correlation are predicted in the FWM ＋ FWM and FWM ＋ FWM ＋ FWM networks. Our results presented here pave the way for the manipulation of the quantum correlation in quantum networks.

Determining the degree of saturation of rocks as a function of time:A case study from mountainous area of Turkey

The aim of this study is to scrutinize whether, in terms of saturation, the 48 hour duration suggested by ISRM(International Society for Rock Mechanics) methods and ASTM(American Society for Testing and Materials) standard in rocks is sufficient or not, and to examine how the degree of saturation of rocks may be determined as a function of time. For this purpose, samples from five different rock groups including igneous(andesite, granite, andesitic tuff) and sedimentary(limestone, sandstone) exposed in Gümü?hane city which is from mountainous area of north-eastern Turkey, have been compiled. Measurements were taken on the samples left for saturation under laboratory conditions as a result of which the degree of saturation values at the end of these time periods were determined. Similarly, at the end of 48 hours, the samples were left to dry under atmospheric conditions in the laboratory environment and their time dependent degree of saturation were also calculated at different times. The changes as a function of time in the degree of saturation were then examined mathematically using non-linear, exponential and logarithmic functions. Graphs and equations related with the acquired time-degree of saturation values and the correlation coefficient(r) values for these equalities have indicated a high accordance between time and degree of saturation for the studied rock groups. The applied methodology will be beneficial for determining the degree of saturation based on time for engineering studies that will be carried out in similar lithologies.

Analysis on the Change Characteristics of the Correlation between Land Use Structure and Energy Consumption and Carbon Emissions in Kunming from 1997 to 2017

This study takes Kunming City, Yunnan Province, China as the research area, to provide reference basis for revealing the change law of land use structure and energy consumption and carbon emissions in Kunming, optimizing land use structure and realizing the development of low-carbon city. Based on the data of land use structure and energy consumption in Kunming from 1997 to 2017, based on the estimation of total energy consumption carbon emissions, carbon intensity and per capita carbon emissions, the correlation between land use structure and energy consumption carbon emissions in Kunming has been calculated and analyzed in the past 20 years. Results: 1) The total amount of carbon emissions in Kunming has increased significantly in the past 20 years. It increased from 34.46 × 105 t to 95.09 × 105 t, an increase of about 2.8 times. 2) The types of land use with the highest correlation between land use structure and total carbon emissions of energy consumption, carbon emission intensity and per capita carbon emissions are urban and village and industrial and mining land (0.8258), cultivated land (0.8733) and garden land (0.7971) respectively. 3) The correlation between construction land and total carbon emissions is greater than that of agricultural land. Conclusion: There is a close correlation between land use structure and carbon emissions from energy consumption in Kunming.

A Correlation Analysis of Tourism Based on Gray Theory——A case of Xingwen County

Tourism industry has already become an important part of national economy,which not only played a positive role in the development of the economy,but promoted the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure.The paper analyzes the correlation between the tourism industry and the other industry through changes of the Xingwen County tourism industrial output value in the past seven years.With the Gray Model,the correlation degree among the tourism industry and agriculture,industry,transport,wholesale and retail trade,postal and telecommunications industries is measured.The analysis result indicates that the order of the corresponding correlation degree:catering accommodation is 0.691> wholesale and retail is 0.617 > agriculture is 0.616 > Postal and telecommunications industry is 0.610> Transport is 0.602> Industry is 0.537.In accordance with the actual conditions of the industry in Xingwen,the industrial development policies and measures are put forward,which help the tourism industry Xingwen their rapid,coordinated and highly efficient operation.

基于动态指标的光伏组件健康程度诊断

为了对光伏组件的健康状况进行诊断,提出了一种基于光伏组件的光生电流,等效串联电阻,等效并联电阻3个指标的光伏组件健康程度定量检测方法。首先利用改进的布谷鸟算法对测量的光伏组件I-U线进行参数辨识,形成实测健康曲线,再利用光伏组件自然老化模型确定理论健康曲线,然后计算实测健康曲线与理论健康曲线之间的偏移量并结合灰色关联分析进行数值校正;定义健康程度H参量计算得到光伏组件健康程度量化值。仿真分析和实验测试结果表明该方法可以对不同环境下的光伏组件健康程度进行有效在线诊断,为光伏组件维护提供参考。

2000-2020年黄河流域水-能源-粮食系统耦合协调时空演变特征

[目的]探讨黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统的耦合协调时空演化特征,可为定量评估流域高质量发展和区域可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]通过耦合协调度模型分析水—能源—粮食系统的综合发展水平和耦合协调特征,并利用灰色关联度对各子系统内部指标进行排序,进而判断对水—能源—粮食系统耦合协调度的影响程度。[结果](1)黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统的综合发展指数呈上升趋势,水资源子系统波动幅度最大。(2) 2000—2020年黄河流域水—能源—粮食系统耦合协调度从初级协调向良好协调阶段发展;不同省区间的系统耦合协调发展水平差异较为明显,整体上可表现为上游地区>中下游地区。(3)各子系统与系统耦合协调度的影响程度排名可表示为水资源子系统>粮食子系统>能源子系统,其中水资源子系统内部指标与系统耦合协调度关联度均在85%以上,水资源子系统相对其他子系统的严格管理尤为重要。[结论]水—能源—粮食系统的耦合协调发展水平有待提高,为促进系统协调发展和流域高质量发展应综合考虑各子系统的相互作用关系。

江苏省卫生资源配置与新型城镇化水平耦合协调及关联性分析

[目的]基于卫生资源配置现状,探究江苏省卫生资源配置与新型城镇化发展进程中的耦合协调及相互作用关系。[方法]构建江苏省卫生资源配置及新型城镇化水平评价指标体系,利用耦合协调度模型及灰色关联分析,对两者间的耦合协调度和关联度进行探究。[结果]2012-2021年,江苏省卫生资源配置水平均值为0.506,新型城镇化水平均值为0.517,卫生资源配置低于城镇化水平。耦合协调度呈现增长趋势,由0.1增长至0.995,均值为0.681。卫生资源配置水平与新型城镇化中外商投资总额关联度最高,其次是医疗保险社会综合覆盖率、人均GDP和城镇居民人均可支配收入;新型城镇化水平与卫生总费用的关联度最高,其次是卫生技术人员和床位数。[结论]江苏省卫生资源配置与新型城镇化的耦合协调度呈现快速增长、波动增长和基本稳定增长的阶段性特征。新型城镇化水平与卫生总费用、卫生人员及床位数密切相关,而卫生资源配置的合理性离不开经济发展和社会保障程度。

福建省造纸工业碳排放的灰色关联度、Tapio脱钩分析及情景预测

随着中国2030年前“碳达峰”目标的临近,福建省高能耗、高排放的造纸工业面临严峻的碳减排压力。本研究运用灰色关联度模型,计算总资产、总资产产值率、能源强度和能源结构与CO_(2)排放之间的关联度,通过Tapio脱钩模型,确定造纸工业产出与CO_(2)排放的脱钩状态,利用STIRPAT模型,预测4种情景下CO_(2)排放量,评估福建省造纸工业2030年前实现“碳达峰”目标的潜力。结果表明:(1)福建省造纸工业的总资产、总资产产值率、能源强度和能源结构与CO_(2)排放量关联度相近,且关联性较高;(2) 2007—2021年,福建省造纸工业产出与碳排放呈现6种脱钩状态,在研究期内的大多数年份表现为强脱钩与弱脱钩状态;总资产和能源结构对碳排放起到主要的拉动作用,能源强度是碳排放脱钩的主要驱动力;(3)预测期内(2022—2030年)基准情景与快速发展情景下CO_(2)排放量快速上升,低碳发展情景下CO_(2)排放量增长率相对较低,强低碳发展情景下CO_(2)排放量呈现非常缓慢的上升趋势。最后对降低福建省造纸工业碳排放,促进造纸工业可持续发展提出建议。

数控磨床电控系统可靠性建模与评估研究

电控系统作为数控磨床关键子系统之一,尚未有学者对其开展可靠性建模与评估研究。文章对北京第二机床厂提供的MKS型数控磨床电控系统故障数据进行预处理,并绘制概率密度散点图,发现图像趋势符合威布尔分布或指数分布,再利用最小二乘法进行参数估计,经模型检验后引入灰关联度进行模型优选,确定电控系统故障数据所属分布模型为指数分布。最后计算了电控系统平均故障间隔时间MTBF、平均维修时间MTTR和固有可用度A_(inh)。评估结果已反馈给厂家并获得认可,对提升数控磨床整机的可靠性水平有重要意义。

人工智能定量肺结节参数与肺腺癌浸润程度的相关性分析

目的探讨人工智能(AI)定量肺结节参数与肺腺癌浸润程度的相关性。方法选取2021年1月—2023年1月医院收治的138例肺腺癌患者(共138个肺结节),根据肺腺癌浸润程度将其分为两组,浸润性腺癌(IAC)归为A组(n=60),微浸润性腺癌(MIA)、原位腺癌(AIS)及非典型腺瘤样增生(AAH)归为B组(n=78)。所有患者均行CT扫描,AI肺结节检测系统分析扫描数据,比较两组AI定量肺结节参数,分析AI定量肺结节参数与肺腺癌浸润程度的关系。结果A组肺结节短径、肺结节长径、最大CT值、最小CT值、平均CT值及恶性概率均高于B组(P<0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,各项AI定量肺结节参数升高均是加重肺腺癌浸润程度的独立危险因素(P<0.05);上述AI定量肺结节参数联合预测绘制ROC曲线分析显示联合检测预测准确率最高,其AUC为0.995;Spearman相关性分析显示,AI定量肺结节参数均与肺腺癌浸润程度呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。结论AI定量肺结节参数对浸润性肺腺癌预测价值较高,且与肺腺癌浸润程度具有一定相关性。

干热区紫花苜蓿的生产性能和营养价值评价

在云南省干热河谷区,以不同紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种(系)作为研究对象,应用方差和灰色关联度的分析方法对其生产性能及营养成分进行综合评价。结果表明,8个品种(系)的一级分枝数和水分有明显差异。所有参试材料在2018年和2020年每年可刈割8次,2019年为9次。6号苜蓿品种‘南苜701-特克拉’的年均干草产量最高,达到29589.96 kg·hm^(-2),显著高于5号‘四季旺’和8号‘德钦’(P<0.05)。在2018年,8个苜蓿品种(系)产量在4个季度中从高到低的排列顺序为第3季度>第2季度>第4季度>第1季度。所有供试材料的粗纤维、粗脂肪、粗灰分、全钙、无氮浸出物差异均不显著(P>0.05)。8号品种‘德钦’的粗蛋白含量(21.43%)、粗灰分(10.16%)和全磷含量(0.25%)均最高,粗纤维含量最低(18.36%)。经灰色关联度分析表明,‘热引41号紫花苜蓿’‘德钦’‘多叶’和‘WL525HQ’的综合表现较好,在该地区具有较高的推广利用价值。