Cointegration Analysis on the Relation between Urbanization and Economic Growth in China

This paper utilizes cointegration theory,error correcting model and Granger causality testing theory to make an empirical research on the relation between urbanization and GDP in China,and also implements a comparative analysis to the relation between three industries and degree of urbanization,the related coeffecient is 0.97,0.95,0.97,0.97.And the result shows a long-term balance between these two factors,and the promoting effect to tertiary industry by urbanization is more obvious.Urbanization and economic growth are the long-term balanced relations.In the long-term balance,every 1% increment of urbanization can make 4.82% increment of GDP;In short-term balance,if the balance depart from the long-term balance at the i-th term,the model will take automatic reversal adjustment with-0.06 adjusting strength at the(i+1)th term,to make it move to the long-term balance.The economic growth onto urbanization is one-way causality relationship,the primary and secondary industry onto urbanization is also one-way causality relationship.However,the tertiary industry onto urbanization is both-way causality relationship.

The interaction between stock prices and interest rates in Turkey:empirical evidence from ARDL bounds test cointegration

This paper demonstrates a significant,long-running relationship between stock prices and domestic interest rates in Turkey’s financial markets for the period of 2001 M1-2017 M4.Cointegration analysis is investigated using the autoregressivedistributed lag bounds(ARDL Bounds)test and vector autoregressive cointegration.Additionally,cointegrating equations such as the fully modified ordinary least square,dynamic ordinary least squares,and canonical cointegrating regression are applied to check the long-run elasticities in the concerned relationship.The ARDL Bounds and Johansen Cointegration test results show that,dynamically,both prices are significantly related to each other.The cointegrating equation outcomes demonstrate elasticities whereby both coefficients have negative signs.Additionally,the same results are corroborated by the impulse response where all variables respond negatively to each other.

Cointegration of event-related potential (ERP) signals in experiments with different electromagnetic field (EMF) conditions

Due to their non-stationarity, ERP signals are difficult to study. The concept of cointegration might overcome this problem and allow for the study of the co-variability between whole ERP signals. In this context cointegration factor is defined as the ability of an ERP signal to co-vary with other ERP signals. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the cointegration factor is dependent on different EMF conditions and gender, as well as the locations of the electrodes on the scalp. The findings revealed that women have a significantly higher cointegration factor than men, while all subjects have increased cointegration factors in the presence of EMF. The cointegration factor is location dependent, creating a distinct cluster of high coin- tegration capacity at the central and lateral electrodes of the scalp, in contrast to clusters of low cointegration capacity at the anterior and posterior electrodes There seem to be distinct similarities of the present findings with those from standard methodologies of the ERPs. In conclusion cointegration is a promising tool towards the study of functional interactions between different brain locations.

Bayesian Markov Regime-Switching Models for Cointegration

This paper introduces a Bayesian Markov regime-switching model that allows the cointegration relationship between two time series to be switched on and off over time. Unlike classical approaches for testing and modeling cointegration, the Bayesian Markov switching method allows for estimation of the regime-specific model parameters via Markov Chain Monte Carlo and generates more reliable estimation. Inference of regime switching also provides important information for further analysis and decision making.

Bayesian Factorized Cointegration Analysis

The concept of cointegration is widely used in applied non-stationary time series analysis to describe the co-movement of data measured over time. In this paper, we proposed a Bayesian model for cointegration test and analysis, based on the dynamic latent factor framework. Efficient computational algorithms are also developed based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). Performance and efficiency of the the model and approaches are assessed by simulated and real data analysis.

Evaluating the exchange rate and commodity price nexus in Malaysia: evidence from the threshold cointegration approach

This paper examines the long-and short-run dynamics of asymmetric adjustment between the nominal exchange rate and commodity prices,namely oil,palm oil,rubber,and natural gas prices,in Malaysia using monthly data from January 1994 to December 2017.The relationship between exchange rate and each commodity price is examined in terms of Engle-Granger and threshold cointegrations.The estimated results provide evidence of long-run threshold cointegration and show that the adjustments towards the long-run equilibrium position are asymmetric in the short run.Furthermore,this study finds evidence of a unidirectional causal relationship running from the nominal exchange rate to oil price in the long and short run using a spectral frequency domain causality application.There is also empirical evidence of bidirectional causality between the nominal exchange rate and palm oil price,rubber price,and natural gas price in the long and short run.Overall,the findings have significant implications for the current debate on the future of primary commodities in Malaysia.

Supplier pricing based on threshold cointegration in agri-supply chain

Aiming at the pricing of primary agricultural products for the large-scale suppliers and the wholesalers in agri-supply chain management, an approach for the large-scale supplier pricing is presented based on the threshold cointegration method of wholesale prices online including the GBand-TAR modified Band-TAR model. Our empirical work shows that it is more appropriate for a large-scale supplier pricing with his wholesalers based on the threshold cointegration method than the conventional linear cointegration method in spatially separate markets in an agri-supply chain of soybean in China in short time. Firstly, the three pairs of prices in spatially separate markets are of long-run equilibrium and threshold cointegration. The forecast test shows that the threshold cointegration approach is superior to the conventional linear cointegration approach in short time. Secondly, there are two thresholds of GBand-TAR in which the threshold parameters represent relative transaction costs. Larger thresholds or wider neutral band corresponds to the greater distance between markets. Thirdly, the estimation of M-TAR shows that the large-scale supplier is more sensitive to increase of wholesaler prices than decrease of wholesaler prices. The supplier can price on the forecast of market price by the threshold ECM including the GBand-TAR if the equilibrium error of threshold lag is not in the interval of thresholds in which there is not profitable trading opportunities for the supplier.

Effects of the Development of Township Enterprises on the Urban-Rural Dual Economic Structure Based on Cointegration Theory

The gross output value of township enterprises(XGDP)is used as a variable of township enterprises development.And CXEY is a variable of urban-rural dual economic structure.According to the 1986-2006 Statistical Yearbook of Chinese Township Enterprises and the 2006 China Statistical Yearbook,effects of the development of township enterprises on the urban-rural dual economic structure are studied by the cointegration analysis.Result shows that without considering other influencing factors,township enterprise development in the years 1979-2005 is the key factor to improve the dual economic structure in urban and rural areas in China.

全球通货膨胀分化:分析及中国对策

2017年以来,全球通货膨胀出现分化现象,这是自20世纪70年代布雷顿森林体系崩溃后少见的现象。逆全球化是当前全球通胀分化的主要原因之一。本文选取具有代表性的发达经济体的通胀情况进行分析,以此参照对比其与美国及其与中国通胀变化分化的情况。研究时间范围为2017年2月—2023年10月,涵盖两个阶段,涉及八个国家。采用协整检验和主成分分析发现,中国和美国是全球通胀分化的重要两极,主要发达经济体追随美国。中国未来面临逆全球化挑战的严峻程度和不确定性呈现上升趋势。我国应以“进”促“稳”,稳中求进,先立后破;研究把握主要发达国家在现有国际经济秩序中发挥主导作用的系统性的活动规律,探索中国在现有国际经济秩序中发挥更大作用、确保自身经济高水平安全发展的有效路径和方法。

金融深化、技术创新与经济增长的关系研究——以宁夏为例

金融是现代经济的血脉,创新是引领发展的第一动力。通过金融深化与技术创新驱动经济增长,是加快经济发展的科学有效途径。本文运用协整检验和向量误差修正模型,并引入脉冲响应函数,以宁夏为例研究金融深化、技术创新和经济增长之间的长期稳定关系和短期调整关系,以期为各地建设现代化经济体系提供一定的参考。实证结果表明,金融深化对技术创新有正向促进作用,且对技术创新的影响呈上升趋势;金融深化和技术创新是影响宁夏经济增长的重要因素,金融深化的两个指标变量与经济增长存在长期均衡关系,但作用方向不同,金融相关率与经济增长正相关,而货币化率与经济增长负相关。

陕西省旅游业与区域经济发展动态关系研究

本文通过建立VAR模型,使用ADF检验、协整检验、误差修正模型、脉冲响应函数、方差分解、格兰杰因果检验等计量方法,研究陕西省1991—2021年的经济增长和旅游业发展之间的动态关系,结论如下:陕西省经济增长和旅游业发展之间存在着长期均衡的协整关系;短期存在动态均衡关系且由于三个误差修正项系数均为负,符合反向修正机制;陕西省经济发展对旅游业冲击影响较大,旅游业对于经济的发展虽然也有影响,但是影响力不够;陕西省经济增长和旅游业之间存在着双向因果关系。因此,本文对陕西省提出如下建议:政府要合理规划旅游业布局,突出陕西旅游特色风格,丰富陕西历史文化内涵,完善陕西省旅游业基础设施,继续优化产业结构。

Research on the Relationship Between Environmental and Economic Coupling Systems in Bohai Bay Area Based on a Vector Autoregression(VAR)Model

This study analyzed the impact of land-based contaminants and tertiary industrial structure on economic development in the selected Bohai Bay area,China.Based on panel data spanning 2011-2020,a vector autoregressive(VAR)model is used to analyze and forecast the short-run and long-run relationships between three industrial structures,pollutant discharge,and economic development.The results showed that the environmental index had a long-term cointegration relationship with the industrial structure economic index.Per capital chemical oxygen demand(PCOD)and per capita ammonia nitrogen(PNH_(3)N)had a positive impact on delta per capita GDP(dPGDP),while per capita solid waste(PSW),the secondary industry rate(SIR)and delta tertiary industry(dTIR)had a negative impact on dPGDP.The VAR model under this coupling system had stability and credibility.The impulse response results showed that the short-term effect of the coupling system on dPGDP was basically consistent with the Granger causality test results.In addition,variance decomposition was used in this study to predict the long-term impact of the coupling system in the next ten periods(i.e.,ten years).It was found that dTIR had a great impact on dPGDP,with a contribution rate as high as 74.35%in the tenth period,followed by the contribution rate of PCOD up to 3.94%,while the long-term contribution rates of PSW,SIR and PNH3N were all less than 1%.The results show that the government should support the development of the tertiary industry to maintain the vitality of economic development and prevent environmental deterioration.

基于广义Hurst指数和蚁群优化算法的配对交易策略研究

以上海期货交易所的8种金属类期货为研究对象,首先结合传统协整理论和一阶矩广义Hurst指数方法筛选出具有较强均值回复特性的期货对作为最优配对组合,然后对选出的最优配对组合设计交易策略,利用蚁群智能优化算法确定多空交易的最优开仓阈值。在实证回测阶段,对历史数据采用滑动窗口方法进行多次样本内及样本外回测,并与基于均值和标准差的传统固定阈值策略进行对比。结果发现,螺纹钢-热卷、热卷-铝期货配对为不同样本期下的最佳配对组合。从交易效果看,采用蚁群智能优化算法所确定的上、下开仓阈值策略相比于传统阈值策略,在多空交易中获得了更高的年化收益率和夏普比率。

国际直接投资与高新技术企业自主创新关系的实证分析

为充分发挥国际直接投资对高新技术企业自主创新的促进作用,本文以2010~2022年的电子及通信设备制造业面板数据为基础,就国际直接投资与高新技术企业自主创新的关系进行实证研究。通过选取自变量、因变量、控制变量、门限变量,进行描述性统计、回归分析、稳健性检验和内生性检验,分析因变量和自变量之间的关系。结果表明:电子及通信设备制造业自主创新存在明显差异,其中,技术投入资金反向抑制其自主创新,而国际直接投资、研发人力资本、研发人员报酬、企业规模、国家研发补贴、市场经营状况、对外开放水平正向促进其自主创新;电子及通信设备制造业与技术投入资金之间存在一对协整关系,与国际直接投资、研发人力资本、企业规模、研发人员报酬、国家研发补贴、市场经营状况、对外开放水平均存在两对协整关系,且均在1%显著性水平下显著相关;国际直接投资可正向促进电子及通信设备制造业自主创新,并随着研发人力资本门限值的增大,促进作用表现为先下降后上升的特点;将研发人力资本的门限值设定为小于11.364,可更好发挥国际直接投资对电子及通信设备制造业的自主创新促进作用。基于实证结果得出,要进一步发挥国际直接投资对高新技术企业自主创新的促进作用,需要从改善投资环境、引进研发人员、加大投入资金、营造自主创新氛围、加强行业对外开放、开展良性行业竞争等对策入手。

广西农业与旅游业融合发展研究

农业和旅游业融合逐渐成为我国欠发达地区经济增长的新趋势。基于1999—2019年广西农业总产值和国内外旅游收入的数据构建了向量误差修正模型。通过协整检验、格兰杰因果检验和方差分解等多种统计方法对广西在农业和旅游业方面的发展进行实证分析。结果表明:农业总产值、国内旅游收入与旅游外汇收入之间没有明显的双向因果关系,但随着时间的推移,广西的农业总产值与旅游业之间的相互影响逐渐增强。

基于协整方法和LSTM网络的农林板块配对交易研究

以A股沪深两市的农林板块股票作为研究样本,以2021-2024年为实证研究区间,首先,运用协整方程选择在配对期的价格序列上具有共同移动趋势的农林板块股票,然后,对具有协整关系的股票价差序列进行平稳性检验,对于符合平稳性要求的资产对,计算其周度已实现波动率、已实现偏度和峰度,使用LSTM网络预测股票对在短期内的残差收敛水平,最后在测试期对符合条件的资产组合进行模拟交易,将收益率水平与基准收益率进行比较。研究发现,基于协整方法和LSTM网络构建的农林板块配对交易资产组合能够在风险得到控制的同时获得超额收益。

山东省商贸流通业与城乡一体化的关系

为研究山东省商贸流通业与城乡一体化间的耦合协调关系,从市场环境和业态规模2个维度构建商贸流通业的评价指标体系,从经济发展、社会发展和空间环境3个维度构建城乡一体化的评价指标体系,以山东省2012—2021年的指标数据为样本,分析山东省商贸流通业与城乡一体化的关系。将熵权法与逼近理想解排序(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)法相结合计算指标权重,确定二者的发展指数,采用协整检验模型验证二者间的协整关系,以综合评价指数建立耦合协调度模型定量研究二者间的耦合协调关系,通过灰色关联度模型分析二者指标的关联度,确定影响二者耦合协调关系的关键因素。结果表明:城乡一体化水平每上升1个单位,商贸流通业的发展指数增大0.867个单位;2012—2021年山东省商贸流通业与城乡一体化间存在较强的耦合关系,耦合协调度从严重失调调整到优质协调;山东省商贸流通业和城乡一体化整体的灰色关联度较高。通过政策倾斜、资金扶持等措施加大资源要素投入,完善乡村基础设施,改善商贸流通业发展环境,搭建城乡商贸一体化发展体系,促进商贸流通业和城乡一体化的良性互动。

金融行业发展对经济增长的影响——基于VAR模型的实证分析

基于金融发展服务于经济增长视角,构建两个VAR模型,选择1978年到2022年的GDP、M2、社会融资规模、股票成交额、债券成交额、期货成交额以及保险公司保费的时间面板数据分别实证分析了金融及其行业发展与经济增长的影响。主要分析了各指标与经济增长指标的Granger因果关系、Johansen协整关系以及脉冲响应函数等情况。通过分析发现,金融发展是经济增长的Granger原因,金融各行业发展均不是经济增长的Granger原因;经济发展受自身影响同时,金融及其行业发展变化对其也产生不小影响,债券成交额、M2、保险公司保费等影响较大。基于分析结论,提出了监管货币流通、畅通融通渠道、加强股票市场调整和监管、扩大保险业务范围、严厉整顿债券和期货市场等5条建议。

绿色研发促进“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁了吗?——来自出口质量视角多元协整分析的新证据

全球价值链绿色化、低碳化发展趋势下,如何破局“中国制造”长期“嵌入”而非“主导”全球价值链中高端环节是我国贸易高质量发展面临的现实问题。文章以出口质量为切入点,基于WIOD发布的世界投入产出数据与中国制造业面板数据,借助多元协整分析、ECM模型及Granger因果检验方法,实证分析绿色研发对“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁的影响及作用机制。研究发现:绿色研发短期内不利于“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁,而在长期中绿色研发与“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁存在长期稳定的协整关系;出口产品质量是绿色研发促进“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁的重要传导机制,相比于低强度研发投入制造行业,绿色研发对高强度研发行业的全球价值链跃迁产生了更显著的促进作用;进一步借助非线性门槛协整模型发现,绿色研发与“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁呈U型关系,仅有绿色研发强度突破“门槛值”才有利于激发“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁,且在不同门槛区间内二者关系从“短期波动”向“长期均衡”调整的速度和方向存在显著差异。据此,应稳步提升绿色研发投入水平、完善相关研发政策并以“质量为先”为突破口实现“中国制造”全球价值链跃迁。