ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC INPUT OF MERCURY TO SOUTH LAKE AND JINGYUE POOL

Taking South Lake and Jingyue Pool in Changchun as examples, we determined particulate Hg in ambient air and Hg concentration in precipitation. Results indicated that particulate Hg in air and Hg concentration in precipitation in both sites in nonheating period were lower than that in heating period, which is influenced by coal combustion. The annual particulate Hg concentrations of South Lake and Jingyue Pool were 0.254ng/m3 and 0.109ng/m3. The yearly average Hg concentrations in precipitation were 0.268μg/L(South Lake) and 0.108μg/L(Jingyue Pool). The higher particulate Hg concentration in air and Hg concentration in precipitation in South Lake than that of Jingyue Pool indicated that mercury deposition was influenced by anthropogenic sources(especially from coas combustion). Hg concentration in precipitation is related with particulate Hg in the atmosphere. Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by using dry deposition model on the base of particulate Hg concentrations in the atmosphere, they were 35.5μg/(m2.a) for South lake and 15.3μg/(m2.a) for Jingyue Pool. Combined with precipitation amount, wet deposition fluxes were estimated in these two sites, 152.2μg/(m2.a) for South Lake and 61.2μg/(m2.a) for Jingyue Pool. Atmospheric Hg deposition fluxes were 160.2g/a for South Lake and 328.62g/a for Jingyue Pool.

Seasonal Variation of Major Elements in South Lake Cyohoha, Rwanda

The paper analyzed the seasonal variation of the concentrations of Cr, Mn, A1, N, P, As, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, and K in South Lake Cyohoha water using spectroscopic technique. Water samples were taken monthly at Ngenda, Karehe and Nyamabuye stations from January 2009 to December 2010. The results showed that the concentrations of aluminum, nitrogen, potassium, arsenic, phosphorous, manganese, chromium, barium and copper were high during the raining season and low during the dry season, while calcium, iron and magnesium varied independently with seasonal change. The results of conductivity and pH also confirmed the effects of seasonal change on the quality of water in the South Lake Cyohoha since the highest value of conductivity was found during the raining season, while the smallest was observed during the dry season, for pH the highest number was noticed during the dry season and the lowest during the raining season.

Shenyang South Lake Technology Zone

Approved in May 1988, the Shenyang South Lake Science and Technology Development Zone is a high neo-tech industrial development zone for the new situation in which the Liaoning Provincial and Shenyang Municipal governments are undertaking their opening drive on the Liaodong Peninsula. It was approved by the State Council in March 1991 as

Landscape ecological assessment and eco-tourism development in the South Dongting Lake Wetland, China

As an important resource and the living environment of mankind, wetland has become gradually a highlight, strongly concerned and intensively studied by scientists and sociologists. The governments in the world and the whole society have been paying more and more attention on it. The Dongting Lake of China is regarded as an internationally important wetland. For a rational development and protection of the wetland, an investigation and studied on its resources and its value to tourism in the South Dongting Lake was conducted, to create an assessment system of the ecological landscapes, and to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the value of wetland landscape to the eco-tourism. The results showed that the scenic value of the South Dongting Lake Wetland satisfied the criterion of AAAA grade of China national scenic attraction. The eco-tourism value of the landscape cultures in the South Dongting Lake Wetland was discussed with emphasis. It were formulated that a principle and frame of sustainable exploitation of the wetland landscapes and it was proposed as well that establishing a Wetland Park and developing eco-tourism in the South Dongting Lake. Wetland is a fragile ecosystem with low resistance to the impact of the exploitation. Thus, we must pay intensively attention to the influence of exploitation on the landscape, take the ecological risk in account to employ a right countermeasure and avoid the negative affection.

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON LANDSCAPE CULTURE ORIENTATION AND EXPLOITATION OF THE SOUTH DONGTING LAKE WETLAND

Dongting Lake is internationally a n important wetland.We studied and s ummarized the conception,func-tion,classification and current situation of the wetland-landscape cu lture in this region.The results showed that the cul-ture of Dongting Lake wetland was ric h in diversity,which are the Rice Cul tivation Culture,high-balustrade dwelling,Nuo Culture,Ship Culture,Dragon Bo at Culture,Chu Culture,Ancient Arc hitecture Landscape,Wetland Foodstuff and Cuisine Culture,Civil Art,Historic Heritage and Cultural Relics,Revolutionary Sites and Ruins,and Production and Living Culture,etc.We also evaluated the eco-tourism value of wetland l andscape culture,and analyzed its f eatures and orientation.The results revealed t hat the south Dongting Lake wetland p lays a key role on the Changjiang(Yangtze)River reaches civilization and Chinese civilization,even has great influence on the global civilization.We summ arized that the soul of the south Dongting Lake Cultu re was Wetland Culture,Water Cultur e,Rice Cultivation and Chu Culture.The thoughts,principles and approaches of sustainable exploitation and ut ilization of the wetland landscape c ulture were formulat-ed and suggested.

Modeling Scenic Quality of Wetland Landscape Resources in South Dongting Lake,China

This study introduces a method to quantify the sceaic value of wetland landscapes and provides the guid- ance on the allocation of efforts for the purpose of preserving the most important environments. Dongting Lake, a tra-ditional tourist location, is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China and a Grade 5A National Scenic Region. This study objectively analyzes the scenic resources of South Dongting Lake, and presents a model based on Quantifi- cation Theory I to assess wetland scenic landscapes. Employing a multilinear regression relationship between land-scape factors and their associated scenic value, we built up the Wetland Landscape Quantification Model （WLQM）, which was used to classify 221 landscapes into five grades. Finally, some suggestions are proposed regarding quantita-tive assessment and its use for the sustainable development of wetland environments.

Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Fresh Fish (Oreochromis aureus): Case of Toho Lake in South Eastern Benin, West Africa

The protection of aquatic ecosystems is of great importance to maintain the biological balance necessary to secure healthy foods therein imbedded. Toho Lake, located to the south east of Benin, is threatened by pollution emanating from anthropogenic activities with the use of chemical fertilizers, effluent of domestic waste, particularly human and animal excrement with neighbourhood effluents. This study aimed at assessing some heavy metals in fresh fish (Oreochromis aureus) of Toho Lake in order to secure healthy food for the population and protect the ecosystem. Samples of water and fishes were collected and analyzed by HACH DR 3900 after treatment. Results revealed a mean oxygenation of water (4.95 mgo2/l), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (21.5 mgo2/l), Chemical oxygen Demand (149, 39 mg/l) with the nitrogen in Nitrate (NO3: 0.18 mg/l), ammonium nitrate (N-N: 0.47 mg/l), and phosphorous (2.06 mg/l) to be very high. The highest contents of heavy metals obtained in the fresh fish were cadmium (32.25 mg/kg), copper (115 mg/kg), lead (8.25 mg/kg), and zinc (90.75 mg/kg) and revealed that the fishes of Toho lake were polluted. The finding allowed us to conclude that the pollution of the lake and the fish carnage are due to anthropogenic pollution through chemicals spilling. Some protection methods of the lake and ecosystem are proposed in order to keep the fish safe and protect the well-being of the population.

Tracing the Provenance of the Huguangyan Maar Lake Sediments in Coastal Regions of South China

The Huguangyan Maar Lake（HML）（21°9＇N,110°17＇E）,situated on the Leizhou Peninsula in the southernmost of China's Mainland,is the deepest recent crater lake among the identified volcanic structures in the Leiqiong Volcanic Field.The bi-lobate lake.

Remarkable Species Diversity on Adjacent Salt Lakes in South Australia

Lakes Acraman,Gairdner,Harris and Everard are a cluster of large episodic salt lakes on Eyre Peninsula,South Australia.These lakes have a characteristic terrestrial invertebrate fauna including various spiders,

Evolution trend of the water quality in Dongping Lake after South-North Water Transfer Project in China

To investigate the evolution trend of water quality in Dongping Lake after South-North Water Transfer Project operation as well as to ensure the safe usage of the water receiving areas, water samples were collected and determined before and after water delivery in different hydrological seasons. Then, comprehensive pollution index method, comprehensive nutrition state index method and health risk assessment model were utilized to evaluate the quality, nutrition, and health risk of Dongping Lake water. Results showed that the quality of Dongping Lake water still met level Ⅲ (light pollution) no matter before or after water delivery. The nutrition state was improved from light eutropher before water delivery to mesotropher after water delivery. The health risk level was reduced from high-medium before water delivery to medium level after water delivery. In summary, the operation of the eastern route of South-North Water Transfer Project is beneficial for water environment improvement of Dongping Lake.

The significance of lake sediments geochemistry in environmental reconstruction of south Hongshan Lake, northwestern Tibetan Plateau during the past 150 years

A 107cm piston-core (SHC-2) was drilled at the site with water depth of 5m in South Hongshan Lake, northwest Tibet in 1998. Based upon the 0.72cm/a of modern sedimentary rate that was tested by 210Pb method and also calibrated by 137Cs method as well as the 1cm interval sample cutting level, a lake sedimentary record of 150-yr old and with a resolution of 1.4 yrs was obtained. Ratio of geochemistry contents (TOC, TN, CaCO3) and concentrations of trace elements such as B, Sr, Ba, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Ti, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, V, Pb, etc were analyzed. The values of TOC, TN, C/N, CaCO3, Sr/Ba and Fe/Mn had clear environmental significance and well reflected the environmental changes. Geochemical multi-proxies of lacustrine sediments from SHC-2 core showed that the environmental changes in this area during the past 150 years could be reconstructed as follows: Stage 1 (1850s-1880s) was a cold period; Stage 2 (1880s-1920s) was a warm period. But the variation of lake water volume was stable in the two periods. Stage 3 (1920s-1950s) was a fluctuant and transitional period in temperature, but there were a short cold period in the 1920s and a warm period in the 1930s. Stage 4 (1950s-) showed a warming tendency, though there existed a cold period from the mid 1970s to the end of the 1980s. In the view of general trend in the past 150 years, South Hongshan Lake was shrinking gradually. It showed that, from the comparison with the Guliya ice core and meteorological records of adjacent weather stations, there is difference in the variations of temperature and precipitation among different regions and altitudes in Tibetan Plateau. It is necessary to search multi-scale and high-resolution records for environmental reconstruction and comparison.

Formation and Evolution of Ancient Lakes on South Coast Plain of Laizhou Bay

Based on the data of historical geography, the analysis of the stratigraphic section, and the textual research of place names and satellite photographic interpretations, the authors study the formation and evolution of ancient lakes on the south coast plain of Laizhou Bay where there were once three lakes: Judian Lake, Qingshuibo Lake and Biehua Lake. All the lakes formed 6000 years ago evolved from the lagoons near the estuary and went through two periods, the golden age in the Middle Holocene and the shrinking age in the Late Holocene. The disappearance of the lakes resulted from the drying climate, the migration of the river courses and the activities of human beings. Among the three reasons, the migration of the river courses is the main one.

Late Holocene Isotopic and Molecular Signals in Saline Sediments of Lake Cantara South,Australia

Isotopic,biomarker,and trace elements of a 65 cm long sedimentary core from Lake Cantara south in Adelaide,Australia were measured in an effort to trace environmental change clues in the southern Hemisphere.The geochemical

The Shilu Iron Ore Deposit in Hainan Province,South China:A Structurally and Hydrothermally Reworked and Re-Enriched Lake-Superior-Type BIF Iron Deposit

The Shilu iron ore deposit,located in the western Hainan Province,South China,is one of the most important iron-ore mining districts in China not only for its huge reserves of hematite-rich ores,but also for its potentially economic significance of associated metals of copper,cobalt,nickel,silver,lead and zinc,and of non-metals of dolomite,quartzite,barite,gypsum and sulfur.

Evaluation and Application of Climate Resources Analysis in South Dongting Lake Wetland

[Objective] The aim was to analyze climate resources in south Dongting Lake wetland. [ Method] By dint of the temperature, precipitati- on, sunshine, general cloud, relative humidity and disastrous climate days, the climate resources of wetland in south Dongting Lake were analyzed from the angle of climate characteristics and adaptability. [ Result] The climate was beautiful in south Dongting Lake. The period suitable for travel- ling is from September to next May. The optimal travelling period is from Mid September to last ten days of November, Mid March to last ten days of May. According to the analysis of climate elements, though there are some unfavorable climate factors influencing outdoor activity, they occurred less frequently and had little influence on travelling activity. [ Condusion] The study provided reference for climate resources utilization and the de- velopment of tourism and travelling activity.

浅水通江闸控湖泊越冬水鸟分类和功能多样性对水位变化的响应

长江中下游洪泛平原浅水湖泊是重要的水鸟越冬地,为东亚⁃澳大利西亚迁徙路线上的越冬水鸟提供了丰富的食物资源和越冬保障。近年来,为满足湖泊周边居民生产和生活的需要,长江中下游多数浅水通江湖泊通过建立闸坝调控湖泊水位,闸控水位是目前通江湖泊最典型的水文扰动方式。水鸟作为湿地生态系统的指示物种,对水位变化敏感,其多样性变化可以反应水位变化对湿地生态系统的影响。基于分类和功能多样性,探究闸控湖泊水位变化对越冬水鸟群落的影响。2021—2022年和2022—2023年水鸟越冬期对武昌湖进行了实地观测,结合遥感资料,获取了水鸟种类、组成和分布以及生境因子数据。基于不同年际水位条件下水鸟群落组成变化,分析了生境变化对越冬水鸟多样性的影响,进一步探讨了越冬水鸟群落对水位变化的响应。结果表明,在武昌湖的两个越冬期,雁形目鸟类均占优势,高水位年份的Shannon⁃Wiener多样性指数显著较高(P<0.05),而功能分异度指数显著较低(P<0.05),这表明两个年度间水鸟群落的种类组成、数量和性状特征存在显著差异。一般线性模型结果表明,生境面积受到水位的影响,水位与浅水面积、泥滩面积和深水面积具有显著的相关性(P<0.05),而与挺水植物区面积的相关性不显著(P>0.05)。广义线性混合模型表明,水位引起的生境变化是水鸟群落多样性变化的主要原因,而水位变化也会直接影响越冬水鸟群落多样性,Shannon⁃Wiener多样性指数和功能丰富度指数与水位之间具有显著的相关性(P<0.05)。水位、水鸟及其生境之间的相互关系分析,有助于阐明水位变化对越冬水鸟群落的影响,这些研究成果对于加强湖泊生态系统的保护和管理具有重要的指导意义。

Evaluation of forest disturbance in south-west Zabaikalia (East Siberia)

The forest estate in south-west Zabaikalia, a territory included in the Lake Baikal catchment area, has been investigated. For this purpose we have used both data of our own studies and monitoring data of environmental protection bodies. It shows that in our study area, fires, fellings, entomo-parasites and air pollution are the major negative factors affecting the state of the forest. In the period from 2003 to 2008 fires were registered in the area of over 500 thousand ha, pest foci in the forests covering an area of over 330 thousand ha, where almost 5 million m3wood was cut in an area of about 43 thousand ha. The total area of forests in our study affected by air pollution amounts to about 700 thousand ha. According to the results, forest pollution in the territory is concentrated in the vicinity of large-scale industrial complexes, for distances up to about 40 km. The total area of forests weakened by air pollution amounts to about 2 million ha.

Petrology and geochemistry of the Shilu Fe-polymetallic ore deposit in Hainan Province of South China: Implications for the origin of Neoproterozoic BIFs

The Shilu Fe-polymetallic ore deposit,a famous hematite-rich Fe-ore deposit,is situated at the western Hainan Province of south China.The deposit characterizes the upper Fe ores and the lower Co-Cu ores,which are mainly hosted within a low-grade to medium-grade,dominantly submarine metamorphosed siliciclastic and carbonate sedimentary succession of the Neoproterozoic Shilu Group.Three facies types of metamorphosed BIFs,i.e.the oxide facies,the silicate-oxide facies and the sulfide-carbonate facies BIFs,are identified within the sixth sequence of the Shilu Group.The oxide facies BIF(i.e.the Fe-rich itabirites or ores)consists of alternating hematite-rich microbands with quartz-rich microbands;the silicate-oxide facies BIF(i.e.the Fe-poor itabirites or ores)comprises alternating millimeter-to a few tens meter-scale,magnetite-hematite-rich bands with calcsilicate-rich(garnet+actinolite+diopside+epidote+quartz)meso-to microbands;and the sulfide-carbonate facies BIF(i.e.the Co-Cu ores)contains alternating macro-to mesobands of Co-bearing pyrite and pyrrhotite,and chalcopyrite with mesobands of dolomite+calcite+diopside+quartz and/or chlorite+sericite+quartz.The blastooolitic,blastopelletoid blastocolloidal and blastopsammitic textures,and blasobedding structures which most likely represent primary sedimentation are often observed in these BIF facies.The interbedded host rocks with the BIFs mainly are the pyroxene-amphibole rocks and the banded or impure dolostones,and also contain banded or laminated structures,and lepido-gra-noblastic,nematoblastic and/or blastoclastic textures.Compositionally,the main host rocks,the pyroxene-amphibole rocks contain basic-intermediate SiO_2(~54.00 wt.%),CaO(~14.19 wt.%),MgO(~9.68 wt.%)and Al_2O_3(~8.49 wt.%)with a positive correlation between Al_2O_3 and TiO_2.The UCC-like Zr and Hf abundances,high Ba content andεNd(t)value(^-5.99)as well as the ratios of La/YbPAAS(0.17~1.00),δEuPAAS(0.88~1.12)andδCePAAS(0.93~1.13)commonly reveal that the protoliths to this type rocks are hydrogenic with a large contribution of terrigenous sediments and minor hydrothermal input.The high CaO+MgO+LOI contents and the extremely low trace element and REEconcentrations as well as the ratios of Y/Ho(44~45),δEuPAAS(1.13~1.57)andδCePAAS(0.69~0.98)reflect a marine origin with minor terrigenous materials for the banded or impure dolostones.Moreover,this type rocks also account for a negativeεNd(t)value(^-7.49).The oxide facies BIF is dominated by Fe_2O_3+FeO(~75.59wt.%)and SiO_2(~20.47 wt.%)with aεNd(t)value of^-6.10.The variable contents in Al_2O_3,TiO 2,K2O,Na2O,Zr,Hf and∑REE,and variable ratios of Y/Ho(24~39)andδEuPAAS(0.86~11.07)suggest the precursor sediments to this facies BIF are admixtures of sea-floor hydrothermal fluids and seawaters with minor involvement of detrital components.Compared to the oxide facies BIF,the silicate-oxide facies BIF is lower in Fe_2O_3+Fe O(~39.81wt.%)and Ba but higher in SiO_2(~42.54 wt.%),Al2O3(~3.60 wt.%),TiO_2(~0.19 wt.%),MgO(~1.12 wt.%),CaO(~9.06 wt.%),K_2O(~0.98 wt.%),Mn and Zr.The ratios of Y/Ho(25~34),La/YbPAAS(0.14-0.74)andδEuPAAS(0.91~1.12)most likely are linked to higher degree of detrital contamintants.While the sulfide-caronate facies BIF is main but variable in Fe_2O_3+Fe O(15.79~57.91 wt.%),SiO 2(0.54~61.52 wt.%),MgO(0.12~16.09wt.%),CaO(0.17~23.41 wt.%)and LOI(8.28-30.06 wt.%).The generally low contents in trace elements(including REE)except for an obvious enrichment in Pb,and the positive Ce anomalies(δCePAAS=1.04~1.95)and negative Pr anomalies(δPrPAAS=0.67~0.93),as well as the variable ratios ofδEuPAAS(0.72~1.71),La/YbPAAS(0.26~1.60)and Y/Ho(26~57)suggest that the precursors to the sulfide-carbonate facies BIF mainly are metalliferious sediments from deep-marine hydrotheral source with minor detrital components.The T2DM ages(ca.2.0 Ga)imply that the Shilu BIFs and interbedded host rocks contain a component with Paleoproterozoic crustal residence age due to a significant crustal accretion event at ca.2.0 Ga in Hainan Island.In connection with the petrographical and mineralogical relationship,we conclude that the precursor precipitates to the Shilu BIFs are variable degree of admixtures of the Fe-Co-Cu-(Si)-rich hydrothermal fluids and detrital components from seawater and fresh water carring continental landmass;whereas the protolith to the main interbedded host rocks,i.e.the pyroxene-amphibole rocks,most likely was terrigenous,fine-grained clastic-sediments but with significant input of hydrothermal fluids in a seawater environment.As a result,a continent marginal marine basin is proposed for deposition of the Shilu BIFs and interbedded host rocks.Sea-level fluctuations caused by marine transgression–regressions possibly contributed to changes in the composition and varied input of the terrigenous sediments.

South of the Clouds

Known as 'South of the Clouds',Yunnan is known to the world for its beautiful and magic scenery,and bountiful resources.It is known as 'different tribes living in the same mountain,and different views in the same mountain'.It attracts tourists from all over the world as it is called a 'magical land'.Kunming is the city of spring with unique sceneries.It is as warm as