Seasonal Variation of Major Elements in South Lake Cyohoha, Rwanda

The paper analyzed the seasonal variation of the concentrations of Cr, Mn, A1, N, P, As, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, and K in South Lake Cyohoha water using spectroscopic technique. Water samples were taken monthly at Ngenda, Karehe and Nyamabuye stations from January 2009 to December 2010. The results showed that the concentrations of aluminum, nitrogen, potassium, arsenic, phosphorous, manganese, chromium, barium and copper were high during the raining season and low during the dry season, while calcium, iron and magnesium varied independently with seasonal change. The results of conductivity and pH also confirmed the effects of seasonal change on the quality of water in the South Lake Cyohoha since the highest value of conductivity was found during the raining season, while the smallest was observed during the dry season, for pH the highest number was noticed during the dry season and the lowest during the raining season.

Shenyang South Lake Technology Zone

Approved in May 1988, the Shenyang South Lake Science and Technology Development Zone is a high neo-tech industrial development zone for the new situation in which the Liaoning Provincial and Shenyang Municipal governments are undertaking their opening drive on the Liaodong Peninsula. It was approved by the State Council in March 1991 as

ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC INPUT OF MERCURY TO SOUTH LAKE AND JINGYUE POOL

Taking South Lake and Jingyue Pool in Changchun as examples, we determined particulate Hg in ambient air and Hg concentration in precipitation. Results indicated that particulate Hg in air and Hg concentration in precipitation in both sites in nonheating period were lower than that in heating period, which is influenced by coal combustion. The annual particulate Hg concentrations of South Lake and Jingyue Pool were 0.254ng/m3 and 0.109ng/m3. The yearly average Hg concentrations in precipitation were 0.268μg/L(South Lake) and 0.108μg/L(Jingyue Pool). The higher particulate Hg concentration in air and Hg concentration in precipitation in South Lake than that of Jingyue Pool indicated that mercury deposition was influenced by anthropogenic sources(especially from coas combustion). Hg concentration in precipitation is related with particulate Hg in the atmosphere. Dry deposition fluxes were estimated by using dry deposition model on the base of particulate Hg concentrations in the atmosphere, they were 35.5μg/(m2.a) for South lake and 15.3μg/(m2.a) for Jingyue Pool. Combined with precipitation amount, wet deposition fluxes were estimated in these two sites, 152.2μg/(m2.a) for South Lake and 61.2μg/(m2.a) for Jingyue Pool. Atmospheric Hg deposition fluxes were 160.2g/a for South Lake and 328.62g/a for Jingyue Pool.

Landscape ecological assessment and eco-tourism development in the South Dongting Lake Wetland, China

As an important resource and the living environment of mankind, wetland has become gradually a highlight, strongly concerned and intensively studied by scientists and sociologists. The governments in the world and the whole society have been paying more and more attention on it. The Dongting Lake of China is regarded as an internationally important wetland. For a rational development and protection of the wetland, an investigation and studied on its resources and its value to tourism in the South Dongting Lake was conducted, to create an assessment system of the ecological landscapes, and to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the value of wetland landscape to the eco-tourism. The results showed that the scenic value of the South Dongting Lake Wetland satisfied the criterion of AAAA grade of China national scenic attraction. The eco-tourism value of the landscape cultures in the South Dongting Lake Wetland was discussed with emphasis. It were formulated that a principle and frame of sustainable exploitation of the wetland landscapes and it was proposed as well that establishing a Wetland Park and developing eco-tourism in the South Dongting Lake. Wetland is a fragile ecosystem with low resistance to the impact of the exploitation. Thus, we must pay intensively attention to the influence of exploitation on the landscape, take the ecological risk in account to employ a right countermeasure and avoid the negative affection.

Assessment of Some Heavy Metals in Fresh Fish (Oreochromis aureus): Case of Toho Lake in South Eastern Benin, West Africa

The protection of aquatic ecosystems is of great importance to maintain the biological balance necessary to secure healthy foods therein imbedded. Toho Lake, located to the south east of Benin, is threatened by pollution emanating from anthropogenic activities with the use of chemical fertilizers, effluent of domestic waste, particularly human and animal excrement with neighbourhood effluents. This study aimed at assessing some heavy metals in fresh fish (Oreochromis aureus) of Toho Lake in order to secure healthy food for the population and protect the ecosystem. Samples of water and fishes were collected and analyzed by HACH DR 3900 after treatment. Results revealed a mean oxygenation of water (4.95 mgo2/l), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (21.5 mgo2/l), Chemical oxygen Demand (149, 39 mg/l) with the nitrogen in Nitrate (NO3: 0.18 mg/l), ammonium nitrate (N-N: 0.47 mg/l), and phosphorous (2.06 mg/l) to be very high. The highest contents of heavy metals obtained in the fresh fish were cadmium (32.25 mg/kg), copper (115 mg/kg), lead (8.25 mg/kg), and zinc (90.75 mg/kg) and revealed that the fishes of Toho lake were polluted. The finding allowed us to conclude that the pollution of the lake and the fish carnage are due to anthropogenic pollution through chemicals spilling. Some protection methods of the lake and ecosystem are proposed in order to keep the fish safe and protect the well-being of the population.

Tracing the Provenance of the Huguangyan Maar Lake Sediments in Coastal Regions of South China

The Huguangyan Maar Lake（HML）（21°9＇N,110°17＇E）,situated on the Leizhou Peninsula in the southernmost of China's Mainland,is the deepest recent crater lake among the identified volcanic structures in the Leiqiong Volcanic Field.The bi-lobate lake.

Remarkable Species Diversity on Adjacent Salt Lakes in South Australia

Lakes Acraman,Gairdner,Harris and Everard are a cluster of large episodic salt lakes on Eyre Peninsula,South Australia.These lakes have a characteristic terrestrial invertebrate fauna including various spiders,

THE PRELIMINARY STUDY ON LANDSCAPE CULTURE ORIENTATION AND EXPLOITATION OF THE SOUTH DONGTING LAKE WETLAND

Dongting Lake is internationally a n important wetland.We studied and s ummarized the conception,func-tion,classification and current situation of the wetland-landscape cu lture in this region.The results showed that the cul-ture of Dongting Lake wetland was ric h in diversity,which are the Rice Cul tivation Culture,high-balustrade dwelling,Nuo Culture,Ship Culture,Dragon Bo at Culture,Chu Culture,Ancient Arc hitecture Landscape,Wetland Foodstuff and Cuisine Culture,Civil Art,Historic Heritage and Cultural Relics,Revolutionary Sites and Ruins,and Production and Living Culture,etc.We also evaluated the eco-tourism value of wetland l andscape culture,and analyzed its f eatures and orientation.The results revealed t hat the south Dongting Lake wetland p lays a key role on the Changjiang(Yangtze)River reaches civilization and Chinese civilization,even has great influence on the global civilization.We summ arized that the soul of the south Dongting Lake Cultu re was Wetland Culture,Water Cultur e,Rice Cultivation and Chu Culture.The thoughts,principles and approaches of sustainable exploitation and ut ilization of the wetland landscape c ulture were formulat-ed and suggested.

Modeling Scenic Quality of Wetland Landscape Resources in South Dongting Lake,China

This study introduces a method to quantify the scenic value of wetland landscapes and provides the guidance on the allocation of efforts for the purpose of preserving the most important environments.Dongting Lake,a traditional tourist location,is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China and a Grade 5A National Scenic Region. This study objectively analyzes the scenic resources of South Dongting Lake,and presents a model based on Quantification TheoryⅠto assess wetland scenic landscapes.Employing a multilinear regression relationship between land-scape factors and their associated scenic value,we built up the Wetland Landscape Quantification Model(WLQM), which was used to classify 221 landscapes into five grades.Finally,some suggestions are proposed regarding quantitative assessment and its use for the sustainable development of wetland environments.

Evolution trend of the water quality in Dongping Lake after South-North Water Transfer Project in China

To investigate the evolution trend of water quality in Dongping Lake after South-North Water Transfer Project operation as well as to ensure the safe usage of the water receiving areas, water samples were collected and determined before and after water delivery in different hydrological seasons. Then, comprehensive pollution index method, comprehensive nutrition state index method and health risk assessment model were utilized to evaluate the quality, nutrition, and health risk of Dongping Lake water. Results showed that the quality of Dongping Lake water still met level Ⅲ (light pollution) no matter before or after water delivery. The nutrition state was improved from light eutropher before water delivery to mesotropher after water delivery. The health risk level was reduced from high-medium before water delivery to medium level after water delivery. In summary, the operation of the eastern route of South-North Water Transfer Project is beneficial for water environment improvement of Dongping Lake.

The significance of lake sediments geochemistry in environmental reconstruction of south Hongshan Lake, northwestern Tibetan Plateau during the past 150 years

A 107cm piston-core (SHC-2) was drilled at the site with water depth of 5m in South Hongshan Lake, northwest Tibet in 1998. Based upon the 0.72cm/a of modern sedimentary rate that was tested by 210Pb method and also calibrated by 137Cs method as well as the 1cm interval sample cutting level, a lake sedimentary record of 150-yr old and with a resolution of 1.4 yrs was obtained. Ratio of geochemistry contents (TOC, TN, CaCO3) and concentrations of trace elements such as B, Sr, Ba, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Al, Ti, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, V, Pb, etc were analyzed. The values of TOC, TN, C/N, CaCO3, Sr/Ba and Fe/Mn had clear environmental significance and well reflected the environmental changes. Geochemical multi-proxies of lacustrine sediments from SHC-2 core showed that the environmental changes in this area during the past 150 years could be reconstructed as follows: Stage 1 (1850s-1880s) was a cold period; Stage 2 (1880s-1920s) was a warm period. But the variation of lake water volume was stable in the two periods. Stage 3 (1920s-1950s) was a fluctuant and transitional period in temperature, but there were a short cold period in the 1920s and a warm period in the 1930s. Stage 4 (1950s-) showed a warming tendency, though there existed a cold period from the mid 1970s to the end of the 1980s. In the view of general trend in the past 150 years, South Hongshan Lake was shrinking gradually. It showed that, from the comparison with the Guliya ice core and meteorological records of adjacent weather stations, there is difference in the variations of temperature and precipitation among different regions and altitudes in Tibetan Plateau. It is necessary to search multi-scale and high-resolution records for environmental reconstruction and comparison.

Formation and Evolution of Ancient Lakes on South Coast Plain of Laizhou Bay

Based on the data of historical geography, the analysis of the stratigraphic section, and the textual research of place names and satellite photographic interpretations, the authors study the formation and evolution of ancient lakes on the south coast plain of Laizhou Bay where there were once three lakes: Judian Lake, Qingshuibo Lake and Biehua Lake. All the lakes formed 6000 years ago evolved from the lagoons near the estuary and went through two periods, the golden age in the Middle Holocene and the shrinking age in the Late Holocene. The disappearance of the lakes resulted from the drying climate, the migration of the river courses and the activities of human beings. Among the three reasons, the migration of the river courses is the main one.

Late Holocene Isotopic and Molecular Signals in Saline Sediments of Lake Cantara South,Australia

Isotopic,biomarker,and trace elements of a 65 cm long sedimentary core from Lake Cantara south in Adelaide,Australia were measured in an effort to trace environmental change clues in the southern Hemisphere.The geochemical

The Shilu Iron Ore Deposit in Hainan Province,South China:A Structurally and Hydrothermally Reworked and Re-Enriched Lake-Superior-Type BIF Iron Deposit

The Shilu iron ore deposit,located in the western Hainan Province,South China,is one of the most important iron-ore mining districts in China not only for its huge reserves of hematite-rich ores,but also for its potentially economic significance of associated metals of copper,cobalt,nickel,silver,lead and zinc,and of non-metals of dolomite,quartzite,barite,gypsum and sulfur.

Evaluation and Application of Climate Resources Analysis in South Dongting Lake Wetland

[Objective] The aim was to analyze climate resources in south Dongting Lake wetland. [ Method] By dint of the temperature, precipitati- on, sunshine, general cloud, relative humidity and disastrous climate days, the climate resources of wetland in south Dongting Lake were analyzed from the angle of climate characteristics and adaptability. [ Result] The climate was beautiful in south Dongting Lake. The period suitable for travel- ling is from September to next May. The optimal travelling period is from Mid September to last ten days of November, Mid March to last ten days of May. According to the analysis of climate elements, though there are some unfavorable climate factors influencing outdoor activity, they occurred less frequently and had little influence on travelling activity. [ Condusion] The study provided reference for climate resources utilization and the de- velopment of tourism and travelling activity.

长江中游2个湖泊沉积物枝角类微化石密度的垂直变化

为了重现湖泊枝角类的群落演替历史,反映人类活动对湖泊生态的干扰强度,选择长江中游的龙感湖和武昌湖分别设置2个和1个采样点,每个样点采集2根沉积柱,鉴定沉积物中的枝角类卵鞍和象鼻溞属壳刺并计数,测定沉积物样品的总氮和总磷含量并鉴定沉积物年代,探究枝角类微化石组成、密度垂直变化及其人类活动的影响。结果显示,在龙感湖和武昌湖沉积物中,分别鉴定出9种和12种枝角类卵鞍。龙感湖沉积物中的枝角类总卵鞍密度(均以干重计)为2.27个/g,高于武昌湖1.63个/g;象鼻溞壳刺的平均密度459.40个/g,显著高于武昌湖1.52个/g。自20世纪60年代以来,武昌湖沉积物中枝角类的优势类群由裸腹溞属、尖额溞属种类向裸腹溞属、盘肠溞属种类转变;50年代以前,龙感湖枝角类卵鞍的优势种群为盘肠溞属种类,之后其优势类群由盘肠溞属、裸腹溞属种类向象鼻溞属种类转变。2个湖泊沉积物中枝角类卵鞍和象鼻溞壳刺密度的垂直变化与湖泊富养化过程及渔业养殖历史一致。研究表明,人类活动的干扰强度影响了长江中下游湖泊沉积物中枝角类微化石的组成和密度变化。

基于水体交换能力的调水工程对底栖动物群落影响研究

水文条件的改变会引起水生态系统的波动变化,大型调水工程的实施会改变水生生物群落结构。本研究分别调研了南四湖和东平湖在调水工程实施前后一段时间的大型底栖动物群落结构,模拟分析了调水工程引起的湖泊水龄变化特征,从水体交换能力的角度探讨了大型调水工程对湖泊中大型底栖动物群落的影响。结果显示,调水工程运行一段时间后,东平湖中大型底栖动物群落在年尺度上从由小体型的水生昆虫类主导转变为由大体型的软体动物主导,南四湖中软体动物的优势在调水工程实施之后更加凸显。在季节尺度上,软体动物占比通常在调水期(非雨季)减小,而在非调水期(雨季)增大。调水工程的实施改变了湖泊水动力场特征,在年尺度上增强了湖泊水体交换能力,调水入流与入湖径流的叠加使湖泊水体的高流速时间变长,这不利于小体型物种稳定生长,进而导致在年尺度上大体型软体动物的占比逐渐增大。此外,调水工程的实施主要是提升了非雨季湖泊的水体交换能力,但增加调水后的非雨季湖泊水体交换能力仍然小于雨季,这也导致软体动物占比在调水工程实施前后均呈现在雨季减小在非雨季增加的规律。

基于稳定同位素贝叶斯混合模型的南四湖水量来源定量解析

为定量解析南四湖水源组成,厘清本地水与外调水的关系,精准保护湖泊水资源,本文建立了基于氢氧稳定同位素的贝叶斯混合模型,分析比较南水北调东线运行后调水期和非调水期不同水源对南四湖湖区的贡献比例及季节特征。结果表明:(1)流域降雨受到一定程度局地蒸发的影响,夏季受海洋蒸发水汽的影响;(2)南四湖地下水、大气降水、入湖河流和外调水等不同水源对湖区水体的贡献比例受南水北调东线工程运行影响较大,调水期分别为5.4%、8.7%、31.2%和54.7%,外调水贡献比例最高;非调水期分别为22.9%、53.0%、6.7%和17.4%,大气降水贡献比例最高,入湖河流贡献相对较少。(3)南水北调东线调水实施后,调水期的外调水量对湖区的贡献占绝对优势,表明调水对南四湖水量变化发挥了重要作用,调水活动逐渐取代自然因素成为流域水量变化的主要驱动因子。

南太湖沉积物中可培养放线菌的分离、鉴定及其抑菌活性

为研究南太湖沉积物中可培养放线菌,并筛选具高抗水产病原菌的活性菌株,通过分离培养基分离纯化放线菌,通过形态学特征观察、16S rRNA基因序列比对和系统发育分析对南太湖沉积物中可培养放线菌进行分类鉴定,采用琼脂块法和牛津杯法测试分离菌株及其2种发酵液对3种水产病原菌荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii)的拮抗作用。从南太湖沉积物中共分离得到160株放线菌菌株,隶属于6个目、9个科和12个属,除优势菌群链霉菌(Streptomyces)外,还分离到小单孢菌属(Micromonospora)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)、北里孢菌属(Kitasatospora)和壤霉菌属(Agromyces)等,通过优良拮抗放线菌初筛,26株放线菌对至少一种水产病原菌具有抑菌活性,通过对初筛有抑菌活性的菌株进行优良拮抗放线菌复筛,9株放线菌对水产病原菌仍具有抑制活性,其中菌株Spr-T-4-14发酵液对3种病原菌具抑菌活性,为后续进一步研究其活性次级代谢产物提供了依据。