U-Pb Zircon Age, Geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb Isotopic Constraints on the Age and Origin of Mafic Dykes from Eastern Shandong Province, Eastern China

U-Pb zircon age, geochemical, and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data of mafic dykes from eastern Shandong Province, eastern China is reported herein. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LA-ICP-MS） U-Pb zircon analyses of two samples from the investigated mafic dykes yield consistent ages ranging from 121.9 Ma ± 0.47 Ma to 122.9 Ma ± 0.61 Ma. The mafic dykes are characterized by high （87Sr/86Sr） i ranging from 0.7087 to 0.7089, low εNd（t） values ranging from -16.9 to -17.8, 206Pb/204Pb = 17.15 to 17.17, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.45 to 15.47, and 208Pb/204Pb = 37.59 to 37.68. Results from the current study suggest that the mafic dykes are derived from partial melting of ancient lithospheric mantle that was variably hybridized by melts derived from foundered lower crustal eclogite. The mafic dykes may have been generated through subsequent insignificant crystal fractionation and very minor crustal contamination during magma ascent. Combined with previous studies, the current findings provide new evidence that the intense lithospheric thinning beneath the eastern Shandong Province of eastern China occurred at ~120 Ma, and that this condition was caused by the removal of the lower lithosphere （mantle and lower crust）.

Influence of the Convection over the South China Sea on the Summer Precipitation of Shandong Province

The pentad average minimum outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data over the northern South China Sea (SCS) are selected as indexes to analyze the intensity of the convection connected with the SCS monsoon onset. Statistic analysis demonstrates that the index can account for the intensity of the SCS monsoon about, at least, 75%. A significant negative correlation (confident level over 90%) between Shandong’s summer rainfall and the index is found only in the period of 24-26 pentads and limited to the area above the deeper water basin of the SCS (10°-20°N, 110°-117.5°E). Thus the minimum OLR over the deeper water basin during 24-26 pentads can be used as a valuable predictor for the long lead forecast of the precipitation. The 500 hPa geopotential height data in the Northern Hemisphere for the period from 1951 to 2000 are used in order to characterize the physical mechanisms involved. The composite anomalies of the 500 hPa level allow for the identification and detection of the teleconnection of the East Asia North America (EAP) pattern that is responsible to some extent for the interannual variability of the precipitation of Shandong Province. Besides, the interannual differences of the intraseasonal variations (ISV) of OLR and their northward transmission probably make a contribution to the position of the subtropical high which is vital for the summer rainfall in the province.

High Prevalence of Eimeria Infection in Domestic Pigeons(Columba Livia Domestica) in Guangdong Province, Southern China

[Objective] This study aimed to make a survey of domestic pigeons for infection with Eimeria species of coccidia was conducted in Guangdong Province, southern China. [Method] A total of 244 fecal samples(102 from Huizhou, 83 from Jiangmen, 35 from Chaozhou and 24 from Guangzhou, respectively) in four pigeon breeding farms between June 2012 and March2013 were collected and examined microscopically. [Results] Eimeria oocysts were seen in 223(91.4%) fecal samples, with three species, namely E. labbeana, E.columbae and E. kapotei. E. labbeana was the most common species in Guangdong provinces with an overall prevalence of 91.4%, while a slightly lower incidence of E. columbae and E. kapotei species was detected with11.1% and 6.6%, representatively. The prevalence in different months varied ranging from 83.3% to 91.7%, with the highest prevalence in summer. Nestling groups showed obviously high infection than adult pigeons. [Conclusion] The present survey indicated the wide and severe prevalence of Eimeria infection in Guangdong domestic pigeons, which suggested that integrated measures should be taken to control and prevent coccidiosis of pigeons in this province.

Cultural Landscape Evolution of Traditional Agricultural Villages in North China——Case of Qianzhai Village in Shandong Province

Agricultural village is an important rural type in China. The evolution process and mechanism of its cultural landscape are different from those of the industrialized village. The paper focuses this theme by a case study of Qianzhai Village of Qufu City, Shangdong Province. In the case of Qianzhai Village, the evolution of its settlement has experienced three stages: mechanical expansion, sprawling expansion and hollowing, and recentralization. The land- scape evolution of residents' houses has undergone three phases: traditional quadrangle house, one-storied house and multistoried house. The evolution of its land use has experienced three stages: circled stratification, fragment and intensive use, and concentration and extensive use. We can see that the main driving factors of cultural landscape evolu- tion of agricultural village are the changes of rural population, society, economy and culture, which are influenced by the change of urban-rural relation, the national modernization process and economic development, the reform of family planning and land system, and the changes in governmental policies. In the future, the modernization, ecological trend, and individualization for residents' houses of agricultural villages in China will develop step by step. The recentralization of settlement and the scaled, sustainable, intensive land use are likely to be the trends of agricultural villages in China.

First report of cereal cyst nematode(Heterodera filipjevi) on winter wheat in Shandong Province, China

The cereal cyst nematodes(Heterodera avenae,Heterodera filipjevi,Heterodera latipons)are considered to be one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes attacking most cereals and can cause significant crop losses(Sikora 1988).In China,H.filipjevi(Madzhidov 1981)Stelter,1984,was first reported from Henan province(peng et al.2010)and a few years later in Anhui province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(peng et al.2016,2018).In December 2017,a survey for cereal

U-Pb Zircon Age, Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotopic Constraints on the Age and Origin of the Granodiorites in Guilong, Southeastern Yunnan Province, Southern China

Post-collision felsic rocks in Southeastern Yunnan province contain granodiorites. U-Pb zircon ages, geochemical data and Sr-Nd isotopic data for these rocks are reported in the present paper. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U-Pb zircon analyses yielded consistent age 252.5 ± 1.0 Ma for one sample of the felsic rocks. The granodiorites were characterized by variational and high (87Sr/86Sr)i, ranging from 0.7223 to 0.7236 and very low εNd (t) values from –29.1 to –30.4. In addition, these rocks are characterized by slight Eu negative anomalies, Nb, Ta, Ti and Sr negative anomalies on primitive mantle normalization spider. Geochemical and isotopic characteristics suggest that these rocks were derived from an enriched crust source. The granodiorites resulted from the fractionation of potassium feldspar, plagioclase and ilmenite or rutile. However, the granodiorites were unaffected by visible crustal contamination during ascent. As a result, the granodiorites may have been formed due to partial melting of crust-derived sedimentary rocks beneath southeastern Yunnan province, southern China.

Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Erg Deposits in the Mengyin Basin, Western Shandong Province, China: Inferences about the Wind Regime and Paleogeography

The Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous Santai Formation, sporadically distributed in western Shandong Province, comprises terrestrial alluvial-eolian successions, which records regional wind patterns and paleogeography in eastern North China. This paper conducts an analysis of eolian stratification, bounding surfaces, facies architecture and paleowind direction of the Santai Formation in the east of the Mengyin Basin, western Shandong Province. Three basic types of eolian stratification are recognized in the Santai Formation, including grainflow strata, wind ripple strata and adhesion strata, and have been grouped into eolian dune and interdune facies associations. The occurrences of reactivation surfaces and superimposition surfaces within eolian dune deposits indicate active compound dunes or draas. The association of adhesion strata with grainflow or windripple strata is the development of a wet eolian system. Cross-strata dip direction indicates different paleowind directions from the lower to the upper part of the Santai paleoerg. The lower part of the paleoerg was characterized by paleowinds blowing from northwest to northeast, whereas the upper part was under the influence of paleowinds consistently towards east to northeast. The identified changes in wind directions possibly suggest wind regime shifts from monsoon circulation to westlies of planetary wind system, which may be related with the collapse of the East China Plateau during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous.

Field Excursion Introduction for IGCP 679 1^stInternational Symposium: Progress in Cretaceous Geology in Shandong Province, China

The non-marine Cretaceous sequences are well developed in the relict basins, i.e. the Luxi basin in the west, and the Jiaolai basin in the east of Shandong Province. The Lower Cretaceous Santai Formation (140 - 136 Ma) in the Luxi basin contains aeolian dune deposits, which were formed under the control by westerly. The Cretaceous strata of the Jiaolai basin are divided into three groups: i.e. in ascending order, the Laiyang, Qingshan and Wangshi groups. New SHRIMP zircon U-Pb radiometric dating data demonstrated six Cretaceous volcanism episodes. The lower part of the Wangshi Group should be assigned to the upper Lower Cretaceous. An Ir anomaly recovered in the lower Jiaozhou Formation suggests that the Cretaceous/Palaeogene boundary would be in the interval between 537.3 - 537.4 m in the borehole JK1. At last the detailed information about the pre-symposium field excursion was introduced.

Hydrodynamic characteristics of a typical karst spring system based on time series analysis in northern China

In order to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of the karst aquifers in northern China,time series analyses(correlation and spectral analysis in addition with hydrograph recession analysis)are applied on Baotu Spring and Heihu Spring in Jinan karst spring system,a typical karst spring system in northern China.Results show that the auto-correlation coefficient of spring water level reaches the value of 0.2 after 123 days and 117 days for Baotu Spring and Heihu Spring,respectively.The regulation time obtained from the simple spectral density function in the same period is 187 days and 175 days for Baotu Spring and Heihu Spring.The auto-correlation coefficient of spring water level reaches the value of 0.2 in 34-82 days,and regulation time ranges among 40-59 days for every single hydrological year.The delay time between precipitation and spring water level obtained from cross correlation function is around 56 days for the period of 2012-2019,and varies among 30-79 days for every single hydrological year.In addition,the spectral bands in cross amplitude functions and gain functions are small with 0.02,and the values in the coherence functions are small.All these behaviors illustrate that Jinan karst spring system has a strong memory effect,large storage capacity,noticeable regulation effect,and time series analysis is a useful tool for studying the hydrodynamic characteristics of karst spring system in northern China.

Investigation and numerical simulation of summer sedimentation in Jiaozhou Bay, China

In recent years,development activities have had a significant impact on the environment of the Jiaozhou Bay,China.To ensure the sustainable economic and social development of the Jiaozhou Bay area,it is necessary to strengthen corresponding control measures.The important prerequisite is to properly understand the environmental conditions laws of natural change,especially the dynamic processes of sediment and the characteristics of landform evolution.Based on the data of continuous observation at 6 stations in Jiaozhou Bay for 25 hours,the Hydrodynamic Eutrophication Model(HEM-3D)was used to simulate the sediment erosion and deposition.The results show that the maximum suspended sediment concentration in the sea area of Jiaozhou Bay is about 40 mg/L,which appears in the northwestern area of the bay top and the Cangkou watercourse area,and the low concentration is located in the area of the central Jiaozhou Bay towards the bay mouth.The suspended sediment is 6?10 mg/L.Affected by a decrease in seawater material,the direction of the prevailing current in the Jiaozhou Bay area is different from that of the sediment transport.The velocity of the flood current is higher than that of the ebb current.However,during flood tide,the flux of resuspended seafloor sediment outside and at the mouth of the bay is limited and cannot contribute significantly to the suspended sediment in the bay.During ebb tide,the resuspended sediment at the shallow-water bay head and the east and west sides spreads toward the bay mouth with the ebb current,although it extends beyond the bay through the bay mouth.The research results can provide scientific support for the Jiaozhou Bay project construction and environmental protection.

The prevalence of soil transmitted helminths and its infuential factors in Shandong Province, China: an analysis of surveillance data from 2016 to 2020

Background Soil-transmitted helminths(STHs)were previously endemic in Shandong Province,China.This study aimed to analyze the STHs prevalence trend and the natural,social,and human cognitive and behavioural factors infuencing the discrepancies between high and low infection levels from 2016 to 2020 in Shandong Province in eastern China.Methods STHs surveillance data of Shandong Province from 2016 to 2020 were obtained from China Information Management System for Prevention and Control of Parasitic Diseases.STHs infections were detected by modifed Kato–Katz method.Comprehensive information on the natural and social factors,STHs-related knowledge and behaviours were collected through questionnaire surveys.Retrospective spatial scan analysis was performed using SaTScan v10.1 to evaluate any identifed spatial clusters of STHs infection for statistical signifcance and Bayes discriminant analysis was used to discriminate the high or low infection groups of the villages.Results In total,72,160 participants were involved in our survey from 2016 to 2020.The overall STHs prevalence rate was 1.13%,with the eastern region of Shandong Province having the highest rate(2.02%).The predominant species was T.trichiura,with the prevalence rate of 0.99%and the≥70-year age group possessed the highest rate of 2.21%.The STHs prevalence rate showed an annual linear downward trend from 2016 to 2020(χ_(trend)^(2) =127.600,P<0.001).Respondents aged≥60 years had the lowest awareness level of STHs-related prevention knowledge(all P<0.05),and were the most likely to adopt the practice of fertilizing with fresh stool(χ^(2)=28.354,P<0.001).Furthermore,the southern region demonstrated the highest temperature and rainfall level and the lowest GNP and annual net income per capita(all P<0.05).Conclusions There is a remarkable declining in STHs prevalence in Shandong Province from 2016 to 2020.However,the prevalence rates of STHs especially T.trichiura in the southern and eastern regions were still high,and the elderly were more susceptible to be infected with STHs owning to their low awareness level of STHS-related prevention knowledge and high adoption rate of dangerous production and living behaviours.Integrated approaches of health education,environment improvement and behaviour change should be strengthened to obtain a further reduction of STHs prevalence in China.

The genesis of Archean supracrustal rocks in the western Shandong Province of North China Craton: Constraints on regional crustal evolution

Archean greenstone belts are supracrustal sequences, the lower part of which is usually composed of voluminous ultramafic-mafic volcanics. Intermediate and acid volcanic rocks increase in abundance towards the upper domains. Greenstone belts constitute ~30% of the total volume of Archean cratons, and preserve significant information on the surface environment and magmatism in the early earth, which are useful in unraveling the nature of crustal formation and evolution. The western Shandong Province(WSP) is located at the eastern part of the North China Craton(NCC), where greenstone sequences formed at ~2.7 and ~2.5 Ga were well preserved. The early Neoarchean supracrustal rocks include komatiite-basalt sequence, some meta-sediments of the lower part of the Taishan Group and the Mengjiatun Formation. The volcanism had been correlated to mantle plume, which resulted in vertical crustal accretion. The late Neoarchean supracrustal rocks were composed of metamorphosed felsic volcano-sedimentary sequences and BIFs of the upper part of the Taishan Group and the Jining Group. The geochemical features of the meta-volcanics show calc-alkaline affinities, similar to modern arc-related magmatism, suggesting that the continental crust in the western Shandong Province witnessed horizontal plate movements at ~2.5 Ga. The metasediments and leucosomes in the Qixingtai area display regional upper amphibolite facies metamorphism and anatexis at 2.53–2.50 Ga, coeval with formation of large volumes of crustally-derived granites. These tectono-thermal events suggest that a unified continental crust was formed in the western Shandong Province at the end of Neoarchean.

Investigation of anaplasmosis in Yiyuan County,Shandong Province,China

Objective:To investigate the situation of anaplasmosis in Yiyuan county.Shandong Province. Methods:A total of 26 blood samples from febrile patients suspected of anaplasmosis,48 blood samples from healthy farmers,8 from dogs,and 10 from goats and 170 ticks were collected in the same area during 2005-2007,and detected by serological and molecular methods.Results: Eight confirmed cases and 6 probable cases were determined using serologic and molecular methods.The seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum(A.phagocytophilum) was 26.7% in healthy cases.Nine out of 10 sheep samples and 7 out of 8 dog samples reacted positively to the A.phagocytophilum antigen.PCR amplification and sequencing of the 16SrRNA of,4. phagocytophilum gene showed that some samples from patients,goats and ticks were 100% identical.The seroprevalence of Rickettsia typhi was 22.9%,Orientia tsutsugamushi 6.3%, Rickettsia sibirica 27.1%,Coxiella burnetii 18.8%,Bartonella henselae 31.3%,and Borrelia burgdorferi 41.6%.Conclusions:It is important to make differential diagnosis of febrile patients and to apply treatment with specific antibiotics.It is needed to enforce essential prevention and control measures including tick control and to improve sanitation conditions.

The Record-Breaking Extreme Drought in Yunnan Province, Southwest China during Spring-Early Summer of 2019 and Possible Causes

In spring and early summer of 2019, Yunnan Province experienced the most severe seasonal drought on record,with days of extreme drought area exceeding 10^5 km^2 far more than normal. Consistently, the precipitation in each month from February to June is over 30% less than normal, and about 50% less in the most severe drought period(April–June). The rainy season in Southwest China(SWC) started on the third pentad in June 2019, which is the second latest in history. The rainy season in Yunnan started on 24 June, which is the latest(29 days later than normal). On the contrary, the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM) is abnormally early. The lag time between the start of the rainy season in SWC and the onset of the SCSSM in 2019 is 7 pentads, which is the largest since 1961, much longer than the climate mean(less than 1 pentad). The present study analyzes the possible reasons why the rainy season came extremely late and the drought disaster persisted and intensified after a much early SCSSM, at both seasonal and subseasonal timescales. The abnormally late onset of the rainy season and the second greatest potential evapotranspiration(PET) since 1981 are the direct reasons for the persistent drought. Statistical results show that the water vapor from southwest of Yunnan in April–June contributes more than that from the east at the seasonal scale. In April–June 2019, however, the southern branch trough(SBT) was abnormally weak, the large and strong anticyclonic wind anomaly prevailed over the Bay of the Bengal(BOB), and the meridional water vapor transport to Yunnan was weak. At the subseasonal scale, the weaker SBT lasted the longest, and the strong convection over the BOB came up late despite of an early onset of the SCSSM, which resulted in reduced low-level moisture convergence in Yunnan and development of drought prior to the SCSSM onset. From the onset of SCSSM to the start of rainy season in SWC, the SBT and meridional water vapor transport from the BOB were still weak, and the water vapor was mainly transported into the coastal area of South and Southeast China rather than Yunnan. After the start of the rainy season in SWC, the SBT was still weak. This led to less moisture transport in the westerlies to the west of Yunnan and the persistent extreme drought. Both the statistical results and case analysis indicate that the stronger Australian high in spring and early summer of 2019 was associated with the abnormally strong anticyclone over the BOB and the always weak SBT. In sum, the anomalous weakness of SBT played a critical role in the extreme drought occurrence and persistence in Yunnan of Southwest China in 2019.

A new ichnotaxon of fossil bird track from the Early Cretaceous Tianjialou Formation (Barremian- Albian), Shandong Province, China

A single set of 5 bird tracks was discovered in the Tianjialou Formation (Barremian-Albian) of Junan County, Shandong Province, China. After careful study we infer that it is a new type of bird tracks, and a new ichnoge- nus was erected and the name Shandongornipes was given. The characteristics of the new bird track are as follows: Moderately large tetradactyl footprints with well-developed hallux impression. Track width (about 5.8 cm) almost equal to track length (excluding hallux); total length of track (in- cluding hallux) 8.7 cm. The digit impressions are slender, with distal ends showing long sharp claw marks. Hallux pos- teriorly-directed, and hallux impressions well-developed. Digits II, III and IV point anteriorly, exhibiting mesaxonic asymmetry: divarication angle between II and III much lar- ger than that of III and IV, the former ranging from 91° to 118°, and the latter less than 30°. Divarication between digits II and IV ranging from 128° to 142°. Without web structures. Digital pads recognizable, usually at least three in digits III and IV, but sometimes only two due to preservation. The trackway shows slight positive (inward) rotation of feet. The bird tracks occur in association with abundant dinosaur tracks, and are believed to have formed in flood plain environments.

The Variation of Extreme Temperature and Precipitation in Shandong Province during 1961-2008

We drew on data of daily average temperature,average maximum temperature,average minimum temperature and precipitation from 78 meteorological stations during 1961-2008 of Shandong Province,analyzed the variation of extreme temperature and precipitation events.The results showed that although extreme cold days decreased by 0.23 d/a on average,after the average temperature steadily passed 10 ℃ in spring,it would still appear 1-2 days of frost,wheat and fruit trees would still suffer frozen injury every year in the central Shandong and the inland of Shandong Peninsula.Although the number of annual extreme hot days has an increasing trend obviously in Shandong and increased by 0.19 days a year.After 2000,aimed at the days of daily maximum temperature ≥ 35 ℃,the mean value and standard deviation of daily maximum temperature in summer decreased comparing with the normal year in West Shandong,and decreased by 1-3 days.In recent 50 years,the extreme precipitation trend increased,but not statistically significant.The number of light rain days has a decreasing trend and decreased by 0.17 days every year,in contrast,the frequency of downpour has an increasing trend.

Estimation on the Total Quantity of Biomass Energy and Its Environmental Benefit Analysis in Shandong Province

[Objective] The aim was to estimate the total quantity of biomass energy and analyze its environmental benefit in Shandong Province.[Method] Based on the data from the statistics yearbook of Shandong Province in 2010,the total quantity of biomass resources and biomass energy in Shandong Province in 2009 was estimated,and its environmental benefit was analyzed.[Result] Biomass resources in Shandong Province mainly refer to crop residues,forest residues,grassland changed from degraded land.If degraded land became grassland,the total quantity of biomass resources and biomass energy in Shandong Province in 2009 was 182.808 8 million tons and 2.68×1015 kJ respectively.Meanwhile,the reduction of total emission of CO2,SO2 and nitrogen oxides was up to 241.265 million tons,and the reduced emission of SO2 accounted for 48.9% of annual SO2 emission in Shandong in 2009.Planting energy crops plays important roles in the development of new energy sources,reduction of greenhouse gas emission and environmental protection.[Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical foundations for the establishment of energy policy and study on development strategy of biomass energy in Shandong Province.