Spatio-Temporal Impact of Rural Livelihood Capital on Labor Migra- tion in Panxi, Southwestern Mountainous Region of China

Labor migration to urban centers is a common phenomenon in the Panxi region of the southwestern mountainous region of China, mainly owing to inadequate livelihood capital in rural areas. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the relationship between labor migration and its causes, such as individual and family characteristics, but few studies have focused on livelihood capital. This paper examines the impact factors on labor migration employment location selection and duration from a household livelihood capital perspective. A case study of 279 households from 10 villages in the area was carried out in February 2016. We used both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the data. On the basis of the 279 questionnaires, the proportion of households with non-labor migration is 48.4%, whereas households with labor migration within a local city and migration across regions account for 28.7% and 22.9%, respectively. Social, financial, and human capitals are the primary factors that influence migrants' employment location choice positively. Among them, social capital has a significant impact on both migration within a local city and across regions; each of the regression coefficients is 1.111 and 1.183. Social, human, and financial capitals also have a positive impact on the duration of labor migration, and similarly, social capital is the highest coefficient with 2.489. However, physical capital only partly impacts labor migration across regions, whereas the impact of labor migration within a local city, and the duration, are not significant. Furthermore, the impact of household natural capital on migration space and time are all negative relationships, especially for labor migration across the regions and duration, with coefficient scores of 4.836 and 3.450, respectively. That is to say, a laborer is inclined to migrate within a local city for a short term, or not migrate at all, if natural capital is abundant. Our analysis results show that household livelihood capital has a strong spatio-temporal impact on labor migration.

Environmental Geochemistry of Mining Activities in Panzhihua Region, Southwestern China

Mining activities have created huge uncovered slopes, large areas of gangue ground and extensive tailings dams. This paper presents the environmental geochemistry of mining activities in Panzhihua region. The selected elements (Ti, V, Mo. Ni. Pb. Cu) show similar distribution patterns of concentration anomaly in topsoil. These concentration anomalies are located in V-Ti-magnetite slope, gangues dam and coal mine. The distinction between anthropogenic contamination and natural background is made available by the use of the enrichment factor in this study area. The anomalies of EF were smaller than that of concentration. The results from EF show that the selected elements anthropogenic pollution (EF>1) in topsoil were located in both the coal mining area and the V-Ti-magnetite mining area. In addition, the pollution sources of selected elements came from V-Ti-magnetite, slag, gangues, coal and other pollutants from mining activities.

DISCUSSION ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WESTERN MARGIN OF YANGTZE BLOCK AND SOUTHWESTERN SANJIANG REGION IN PROTEROZOIC

The western margin of Yangtze block and southwestern Sanjiang region absorbed much attention from geologists. It has been proved that there occurred a series of plate subduction, collision, assembly, rifting and breakup processes between them since Palaeozoic and the tectonic evolutionary relationship between them is clear. But in Proterozoic this kind of links between them became unclear. Did they undergo the assembly and breakup processes of the Rodinia super continent? This paper will take a primary discussion on this question on the basis of basement component, structure characteristics and magmatic activities.1\ Basement features\;(1) In western margin of Yangtze block its basement is composed of crystalline basement and folded basement, a so\|called double\|layer structure. The crystalline basement is made up of Kangding group, Pudeng Formation and Dibadu Formation, among them Kangding group is a representative and composed mainly of migmatite, compositing gneiss, hornblende schist and granulitite. The isotopic age of crystalline basement is older than 1900Ma, so its geological time is late Archaean to early Proterozoic. The folded basement is composed of Dahongshan group, Hekou group, Kunyang group, Huili group and Yanbian group. Their rock associations are made up mainly of spilite\|keratophyre formation, carbonate formation, clastic rock and clastic rock formation with some basic volcanic rocks. The folded basement is assigned to be early and middle Proterozoic (1000～1700M a).

Soil Ecosystem Degradation of Karst Regions in Southwestern China

Deeply influenced by karst geological environment, the structure of the soil ecosystem in the southwest karst area of China is characterized by strong vertical variation and space variation, structural feature of nonrenewable soil, and functional feature of poor circulation of nutrient elements and limited vegetation growth. On the basis of analyzing vulnerability in structure and function of soil ecosystem in China's southwestern karst regions, we discussed the degradation process and mechanism of soil structure, nutrient, water and microorganism in the course of soil erosion from the perspective of material and energy cycle. Finally, we put forward some recommendations for recovery of degraded soil, transformation and rational utilization of soil.

Research on Structure Innovation of Agricultural Organization in China's Southwestern Mountainous Regions

Taking agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as research object,on the basis of analysis of the status quo of agricultural organization development in China's southwestern mountainous regions,we use related theoretical knowledge on economics and organization science,we probe into the process of innovation and mechanism of action concerning the structure of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions over the past 30 years.Finally we draw several general conclusions regarding structure innovation of agricultural organization in China's southwestern mountainous regions as follows:first,the structure innovation of agricultural organization,a gradual process,proceeds ceaselessly along with ongoing progress and development of agriculture,and in this process,farmers always play a fundamental role;second,the structure innovation of agricultural organization is affected by many factors,and government institutional arrangement and change in market conditions is undoubtedly the most critical factor;third,the probable evolving direction of structure innovation of agricultural organization includes internal differentiation of the same form of agricultural organization,association of different forms of agricultural organization,and emergence of other forms of agricultural organization.

中国西南地区CCUS区域中心建设路径与政策建议

西南地区正在加快推动成渝地区双城经济圈和国家天然气(页岩气)千亿立方米产能基地等国家战略实施,面临能源消费量增长硬需求和碳减排硬约束之间的矛盾,推动CCUS产业发展是解决该问题的必由之路,而建设CCUS区域中心是CCUS产业规模化、集群化发展的必然趋势,其中四川盆地是西南地区打造CCUS区域中心的最佳选择。为了加快建设中国西南地区CCUS区域中心,系统梳理了国外的经验做法,分析了其优势和挑战,结合我国西南地区的CO_(2)排放及分布情况、封存地质条件、源汇匹配关系,针对性提出了建设路径和政策建议。研究结果表明:①打造中国西南地区CCUS区域中心具有企业减碳和增产的需求巨大、高耗能行业企业碳源丰富且较为集中、地质封存潜力大且分布集中、源汇匹配情况较好、地方政府积极支持等5大优势;②当前面临的主要问题是缺乏顶层设计和统一规划、缺乏全产业链协同技术攻关的共享平台、缺乏碳减排的激励和约束政策体系等;③下一步应聚焦CCUS-EGR、CCS、DACCS等3条路径,分启动、扩展、规模化发展3个阶段打造西南地区CCUS区域中心,形成两个千万吨级产业集群和3个百万吨级产业集群,并比选技术路径和商业化路径。结论认为,要重点从完善顶层设计,出台统一的战略规划;强化科技攻关体系建设,加快形成技术成熟、经济可行的CCUS全链条技术;强化政策支持、推动国际合作等3个方面入手,加快推动中国西南地区CCUS区域中心建设。

滇西南少数民族民居中“火塘偏心”现象与形制演变关系

文章首先对早期民居形制问题的研究情况进行分析,指出火塘对空间秩序和空间形制演变的影响;然后,基于2022年7月在滇西南的实地调研并结合文献,提取仍在主室内使用火塘的民居案例,对火塘在主室内的位置偏移现象进行分析,并归纳为单向正中、略微偏心和偏至角落3种类型;最后,以“火塘偏心”为线索,进一步讨论滇西南地区民居形制演变过程,尝试探寻形制演变背后的推进机制。

Research Agenda for Understanding Transboundary Ecosystem Changes and Eco-security in Southwestern China

The longitudinal range-gorge region (LRGR) in Southwestern China, characterized by longitudinal mountain ranges and deep valleys, includes the basins of four major international rivers: the Yuanjiang-Red, Lancang Mekong, Nujiang Salween and Irrawaddy. This region is classified as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, and provides an important ecological and economic corridor linking China and Southeast Asian countries. Over the past half century, it has served as a resource base for timber and minerals needed to fuel economic development, which resulted in rapid and drastic changes in ecosystem and species diversity. Proposed and ongoing development programs, such as China’s Great Western Development campaign, Greater Mekong Subregional Economic Cooperation (GMS) and China-ASEAN free trade zone development (“10+1”), threaten to bring unprecedented disturbance to the region’s ecosystems. Present and emerging threats to eco-security have caught tremendous attention worldwide. Therefore, studies on such problems are critical for enhancing ecosystem health and transboundary eco-security. This paper indicates several multi-disciplinary and cross-sector studies on transboundary resources in this region that will meet three major national needs: 1) identifying core scientific issues of ecological development and infrastructure construction in highplateau and mountainous areas for the Western Development campaign; 2) developing maintenance mechanisms and control methodologies for transboundary eco-security and resource base development; 3) providing scientific grounds for multi-lateral diplomacy, trade and economic cooperation, and conflict resolution as part of China’s opening-up to south Asia. The key subjects to be solved include dynamics and major drive forces of this area, ecological effects caused by major projects construction, and transboundary eco-security and its controlling. The research projects proposed in this article will develop theories on ecosystem change and transboundary eco-security, and provide a scientific basis for national and international development strategies.

THE PERMIAN SYSTEM OF THE NUJIANG—LANCANGJIANG—JINSHAJIANG AREA, SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

Permian system is one of the best developed systems in Sanjiang area. In Yidun\|Zhongdian and in Zhiso\|Muli, The Lower Permian is clastics\|carbonates\|volcanics with interbeds of siliceous sediments, Whereas the Upper Permian is composed of lower part of basic volcanics and upper part of clastics\|carbonates with a total thickness of 1000～4000 meters .In Zhongzha (Batang)\|Jingping region, It is mainly carbonates of 217～1320 meters thick, But in Jingping proper, there occur about 5000 meters thick basalts of early late Permian . From Batang to Benzinan along the Jinshajiang river , the lower Permian is clastics\|volcanics\|carbonates formation with interbeds of siliceous sediments and spilite formation; Whereas the Upper Permian is clastics with volcanic interbeds; The total thickness being 3700 to 7100 meters. In Jiangda—Mangco (Mangkang), It is clastic\|carbonate\|volcanic formation of 1100 to 2400 meters . In Tuoba (Qamdo)—Haitong (Mankang)—Ximi (Mujiang ), It is mainly clastics\|carbonates formation , the Upper Permian being coal\|bearing clastics sequence and the total thickness being 700～2500 meters ,In Zhado—Zhasuosuo (Mangkang)—Deqing—Qinggu—Qinghong, It is clastic\|carbonate\|volcanic formation, locally with coal\|bearing clastics of Upper Permian and the total thickness of mainly carbonate formation and clastic formation with coal\|bearing clastic formation of Uppermian, is 800 to 2000 meters. In the whole area , the Permian strata were slightly metamorphosed, locally more intensively metamorphosed up to amphibolite facies. The fossils found belong to fusulinids, coral, brachiopods,ammonite,bivalve, gastropods, bryozoa,foraminifera, trilobite, algae ,porifera (sponge), and continental plant . Besides the Gondwana cold\|water type components of brachiopods found in Baoshan, the fossils belong mainly to Cathaysian biota, especially to South China type. In some places such as Mangkang, Guxue (Dewong), to South China type. In some places such as Mangkang, Guxue (Dewong), and Wachang (Muli), the resedimented Late Carboniferous fusulinid fossils can be found in the clastic limestone of Lower Permian, and the Early Permian or even Middle to Late Carboniferous fusulinid fossils found in Upper Permian classic limestone. All these suggest the resedimentation of biolimestone blocks or fragments related to fault\|volcanism .On the section of Tongba (Muli), the permian is continuous graded upwards into the Triassic, with a transitional zone of fossil.

西南民族地区乡村旅游重点村空间分布特征及影响因素研究

以西南民族地区171个乡村旅游重点村为研究对象,综合运用ArcGIS空间分析、最邻近指数、地理集中指数、核密度分析、地理联系率等统计方法对乡村旅游重点村的空间分布特征及影响因素进行探析。结果表明,研究区乡村旅游重点村的最邻近指数为0.789,表明其在空间上呈凝聚型分布;研究区乡村旅游重点村的地理集中指数G=44.90,大于理想状态分布下的地理集中指数34.2,表明其在空间上呈集聚分布,但集聚度不高;研究区乡村旅游重点村的分布密度呈多核心特征,高核密度值地区有成都市、渝东南地区、渝西南地区、六盘水市、黔南布依族苗族自治州,其中成都市的核密度值最高;研究区乡村旅游重点村的分布受到地形、河流湖泊、资源禀赋、人口分布、经济发展水平、交通分布等因素的影响。

玉龙山温冰川浅冰芯记录现代指示意义

１９９９年夏季首次在玉龙山最大的白水 １号冰川积累区钻取了一支穿透整个粒雪层的１０ｍ冰芯，获取了近期数年的气候环境记录．深度 ７８ ｍ以上 δ１８Ｏ周期性波动变化特征明显，通过与可溶性离子，电导率和ＰＨ值，以及粒雪中污化冰层位置的对比分析，可鉴别出５个平衡年度的冰雪层，每年平均净积累折合水当量约 ９００ ｍｍ．由于融水渗浸的影响产生“均质化作用”， δ１８Ｏ变化幅度随深度增加而逐渐减小，在 ７．８ｍ以下，δ１８Ｏ值变为均匀分布，气候记录波动变化特征逐渐消失，但由于粒雪层内融水再冻结层的保护作用，仍使以上若干年的气候环境信息得以保存．可溶性离子以Ｃａ２＋和Ｍｇ２＋浓度较高，Ｃ１－和Ｎａ＋含量很低．说明冰芯内以冬季风形成的陆源沉积为主．Ｃ１－和Ｎａ＋的同步变化趋势指示出它们的相同来源，大部分层位上ＳＯ４２－和ＮＯ３－浓度都很低，说明冰川区很少受到人类污染．根据冰芯内年平均净积累厚度和积累区的消融情况，粗略估计粒雪盆的年平均降水量在 ２ ４００～ ３１ ００ ｍｍ之间．

我国西南地区玉米育种面临的挑战及相应对策探讨

在剖析西南地区发展玉米产业面临挑战的基础上,反思了西南地区玉米杂交育种存在的主要差距,并根据国内外玉米杂交育种发展趋势和我们的实践,从育种层面提出了应采取的对策措施。在育种目标上,重点是抗病与抗虫、耐旱与耐瘠、适合全程机械化生产和耕作制度改革,以及拓展利用营养体优势新型"饲草玉米"。在种质创新上,应明确杂优类群、简化杂优模式,系统开展基础种质评价与分析,合成与改良育种用群体,创制育种特异新材料。在突破性自交系选育上,应注重特异新基因的发掘与利用,把产量GCA作为重要选择标准,把自交衰退慢的株系作为主要选择对象,自交、姊妹交或混粉交替进行,提高优良基因型频率;加大选系的鉴定力度,并测定产量。在育种方法上,应增加种植密度,加大选择压力,实施南北穿梭育种,加快我国南方玉米种子生产基地建设,同时加快高新技术在玉米育种上的应用。

中国西南地区春季异常冷暖气候的相关分析及统计预测

利用1951—2006年西南地区春季4～5月温度资料和北半球500 hPa高度及北太平洋海温资料等,通过合成分析、相关分析及关联表方法,研究了西南地区春季气温的气候变化及其与北半球500hPa高度场、热带海温场和南方涛动的联系。结果表明:西南地区春季气温具有明显的年代际气候变化特征;春季异常冷暖年份,北半球500 hPa高度距平场和热带海温距平场分布具有明显不同;前期1～3月北半球诸副热带高压体强、弱变化和前期8月～2月热带海温,尤其是前期12月～1月NINO 3区海温高低变化对西南地区春季气温具有很好的预测指示性,它们之间存在着密切的正相关关系;前期8～9月南方涛动强、弱变化对西南地区春季气温也有很好的指示意义,它们之间负相关关系密切。

黄土残塬沟壑区坡度和坡长对土壤侵蚀的影响分析

该研究以黄土区坡地的坡长与坡度对于土壤侵蚀的影响为研究内容 ,旨在为因害设防 ,更好的治理水土流失 ,对黄土高原坡地综合治理提出理论依据和切实可行的实践指导 .根据在山西省吉县黄土残塬沟壑区长期定位水土流失观测与调查资料 ,并结合以往关于黄土区的研究成果分析了坡长和坡度与侵蚀的关系 ,研究表明 :随坡长和坡度的增大 ,径流增大 ,侵蚀量越大 ,侵蚀模数增大 ;年侵蚀模数与坡长呈正相关关系 ;随着坡长增大 ,细沟侵蚀和浅沟侵蚀明显增强 ;坡耕地坡长最好小于 15m .

城市规划专业教育改革与实践的探索

城市规划学科是社会性、理论性、创造性和实践性很强的专业,重庆大学结合我国国情及西南地区社会经济发展,将山地城市、镇的理论研究和实践方法与人才培养的教育方式紧密联系,建立自己的学科体系,形成以教学为轴心、重视科研,并积极参与社会实践的教学理论。

西南生态脆弱区类型及其特征分析

对生态脆弱区涵义加以界定,并全面阐述和分析了生态脆弱区具有特征的和性质。根据西南地区各区域生态与环境脆弱特征,结合自然环境特征和人类活动特点,以胁迫源、胁迫因子的交互作用和胁迫过程为主导,确定西南生态脆弱区的类型有5种,即:中度胁迫中度生态脆弱区、重度胁迫高度生态脆弱区、低度胁迫高度生态脆弱区、重度胁迫中度生态脆弱区、中度胁迫高度生态脆弱区。

鄂西南民族地区民宿旅游发展现状、风险及对策探讨

民宿旅游是乡村旅游的高级发展模式。鄂西南民族地区民宿旅游发展具有良好的基础,但也有可能存在以下风险——产品雷同风险、低品质风险、品牌形成风险、环境退化风险和可持续发展风险,在延伸产业链条、错位发展、增加游客体验、产品有序开发和加强民宿管理等方面提出了解决对策。

我国西南部降水日变化特征分析

利用1991—2004年台站观测的逐时降水资料分析了我国西南部降水日变化的基本特征和区域差异。结果表明,西南部降水"夜雨"特征明显,但存在午后次峰值,且区域差异显著。降水频次和降水强度亦存在明显日变化,夜间降水量峰值主要来自于降水频次的贡献,而午后降水量峰值以降水强度的贡献为主。在25°N以北,降水量的峰值位相超前于降水频次1～2 h,且自西向东存在区域差异。西部降水量主峰值在凌晨03—04时,而中、东部在01—02时;中部和东部的区别主要在降水强度的日变化上,中部的强度日变化为午夜单峰值结构,而东部的午后强度较大。25°N以南地区的降水日变化特征与北部明显不同,南部降水量主峰值出现在午后,且主要是强度的贡献,次峰值出现在凌晨05—06时,以频次贡献为主。

中国西南山区旅游村镇就地城镇化路径

就地城镇化是城镇化发展的主要路径之一,它以小城镇为节点,因地制宜,形成适合当地发展的特色产业,缓解大城市的压力,促进小城镇的繁荣。中国西南山区地势崎岖,发展相对滞后,但是有些中小村镇旅游资源丰富,可以依托这些资源进行发展。研究选取了重庆市最具西南山区旅游村镇特色的永新镇进行案例研究,通过实地考察、专家访谈和问卷调查,结合政府工作报告中的数据,获得了人口状况、产业发展与城镇建设方面的资料并加以分析,总结了旅游业在促进城镇建设及扩大劳动力需求两方面的推动作用,并对促进西南山区旅游村镇城镇化的可持续发展提出了几点建议。

西南地区水耕人为土诊断层土壤特性及SEM特征

对我国西南地区代表性水耕人为土诊断层土壤特性进行研究,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)进行土壤微形态研究,结果表明:不同母质和发育程度的水耕人为土,在土壤特性及在剖面上的变化特征都有明显差别。通过SEM观察研究表明:粗、细颗粒物质形态与矿物组成密切相关,如以薄片状、针条状等细粒物质为主的土壤,在水耕条件和外力作用下,易于定向、粘结聚合而引起土壤压实和板结。水耕人为土的微团聚体含量少而分散,对肥力的贡献有限。长期培肥的水耕人为土能够形成丰富的各类微孔隙和微结构类型,是调节土壤水、热、气和养分状况的主要机制。