Urban Green Spaces and an Integrative Approach to Sustainable Environment

This paper explains the benefits and challenges of urban green spaces based on the critical discussion of study results from different studies in different cities. The important roles played by green spaces are social, economic, cultural and environmental aspects of sustainable development. Urban green spaces can be a comprehensive tool for long term protection of environmental sustainability through improving the quality of life and air quality, increasing property value due to their amenity and aesthetic characteristics, and reducing the energy costs of cooling buildings. Urban green spaces also can provide ecosystem services in which the recreation and relaxation facilities are especially available to urban dwellers and tourists too. To confirm the multiple roles played by green spaces, certain level of qualitative improvements and distribution of green spaces within the urban area should be considered and incorporated effectively into the environmental sustainability agenda. To do this, an integrated approach regarding the planning, monitoring, designing and maintaining of urban green spaces is required for improving the environmental sustainability in cities in different countries.

Monte-Carlo based cascade control approach with focus on real overactuated space systems

The present research relies on a cascade control approach through the Monte-Carlo based method in the presence of uncertainties to evaluate the performance of the real overactuated space systems.A number of potential investigations in this area are first considered to prepare an idea with respect to state-of-the-art.The insight proposed here is organized to present attitude cascade control approach including the low thrust in connection with the high thrust to be implemented,while the aforementioned Monte-Carlo based method is carried out to guarantee the approach performance.It is noted that the investigated outcomes are efficient to handle a class of space systems presented via the center of mass and the moments of inertial.And also a number of profiles for the thrust vector and the misalignments as the disturbances all vary in its span of nominal variations.The acquired results are finally analyzed in line with some well-known benchmarks to verify the approach efficiency.The key core of finding in the research is to propose a novel 3-axis control approach to deal with all the mentioned uncertainties of space systems under control,in a synchronous manner,as long as the appropriate models in the low-high thrusts are realized.

Assessment of the muscle injury, inflammatory response and bone metabolism after paravertebral muscle space and minimally invasive percutaneous approach surgeries for thoracolumbar fracture

Objective: To study the muscle injury, inflammatory response and bone metabolism after paravertebral muscle space and minimally invasive percutaneous approach surgeries for thoracolumbar fracture. Methods: A total of 92 patients with thoracolumbar fractures who were treated in Baoji Central Hospital between May 2015 and January 2017 were selected and randomly divided into paravertebral group and minimally invasive percutaneous group who accepted pedicle screw fixation under different approaches. Before operation as well as 1 d and 3 d after operation, serum was collected to determine the contents of creatase, inflammatory reaction molecules and bone metabolism indexes. Results: Serum Myo, CK, LDH, TNF-α, MCP-1, HMGB-1, CRP, IL-1β, OC, OPG, PICP and PINP levels of both groups 1 d and 3 d after operation were significantly higher than those before operation while TRACP5b, RANKL, CTX and NTX levels were significantly lower than those before operation, and serum Myo, CK, LDH, TNF-α, MCP-1, HMGB-1, CRP, IL-1β, TRACP5b, RANKL, CTX and NTX levels of paravertebral group 1 d and 3 d after operation were significantly lower than those of minimally invasive percutaneous group while OC, OPG, PICP and PINP levels were significantly higher than those of minimally invasive percutaneous group. Conclusion:Paravertebral muscle space surgery for thoracolumbar fracture is more effective than minimally invasive percutaneous surgery in reducing muscle injury and inflammatory response, and improving bone metabolism.

Analysis of the Energy and Environmental Sustainability of a Built Space System: The Case of Patte d’Oie University Campus in Ouagadougou

The aim of this study was to carry out a dynamic simulation of the energy and environmental performance of a built space system, with a view to assessing its energy and environmental class. The use of a simulation and modeling tool, supported by various methodological references, formed the basis of our approach. Adopting a systemic perspective, we described the structural and functional aspects of the systems making up built spaces, as well as the associated energy flows. Our approach was also based on a typology, taking into account typical days, structural and functional configurations at different scales and angles of observation. The analysis tool we developed in Java was applied to the built space system of the Patte d’Oie university campus in Ouagadougou. Annual electricity consumption was measured at 124387.34 kWh, closely aligned with the average annual electricity bill (125224.31 kWh), with a maximum relative deviation of 1%, followed by a carbon emission balance of 58337.66 kg eq CO2 per year. This validation confirmed the effectiveness of our tool. In addition, following the analysis of electricity consumption using our tool, the university campus was classified in energy class B and environmental class C. These results will be based on the emission factors of the energy mix of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU) territory, with particular emphasis on Burkina Faso.

Investigation of the direct microsurgery of ICCA aneurysms via the carotid artery-cavernous sinus space approach

Objective To discuss the approach and technique of the direct microsurgery of intracavemous sinus carotid artery aneurysms (ICCAAns). Methods All the 15 cases of ICCAAns underwent the direct microsurgery via the carotid artery-cavernous sinus space approach. Results Immediate carotid arteriography after the surgery showed that the aneurysms disappeared and the carotid artery could be showed clearly and normall. In a follow up period ranged frcm 1 months to 9 years,it was showed that,among 5 cases with 333,IV,V a,VI nerve paralysis before the surgery, three completely recovered,one recovered incompletely. All patients regained the capability of undertaking mormal cativities. None experienced rebleeding or neuroparalysis. Conclusion Direct microsurgery via this is approach is an ideal treatment of ICCAAns. 6 refs.

Solving Neumann Boundary Problem with Kernel-Regularized Learning Approach

We provide a kernel-regularized method to give theory solutions for Neumann boundary value problem on the unit ball. We define the reproducing kernel Hilbert space with the spherical harmonics associated with an inner product defined on both the unit ball and the unit sphere, construct the kernel-regularized learning algorithm from the view of semi-supervised learning and bound the upper bounds for the learning rates. The theory analysis shows that the learning algorithm has better uniform convergence according to the number of samples. The research can be regarded as an application of kernel-regularized semi-supervised learning.

THE ROBUST CONTROL SCHEME FOR FREE-FLOATING SPACE MANIPULATOR TO TRACK THE DESIRED TRAJECTORY IN JOINTSPACE

The control of a free-floating space manipulator system isdiscussed. With the augmentation approach, the nonlinearparameterization problem of the dynamic equations of the spacemanipulator system is overcome. Based on the results, the robustcontrol scheme for free-floating space manipulator with uncer- tainpayload parameters to track the desired trajectory in jointspace isproposed, and the global convergence of the tracking is verified byusing the Lyapunov method.

Effects of different feeding methods and space allowance on the growth performance, individual and social behaviors of Holstein calves

The importance of nutrient provisions and weaning methods for calves has been well established over the past few years,while as increasing interest has focused on contribution of animal behavior and their overall performance in production regimes.The present study investigated the effects of feeding methods and space allowance on growth performance,individual and social behaviors in Holstein calves.Twenty-four Chinese Holstein male and female calves were allocated to either an individual or group of 6 and fed either with a bucket or a teat.Milk replacer,calf starter,and Chinese wildrye were offered during the experiment.A fecal index used in the present study was defined as the total fecal scores/total number of calves in each treatment.The results showed that there was no significant difference among the 4 treatments in terms of feed intake,body weight,average daily gain,and fecal index.For the feeding behaviors,the ingesting milk time and ingesting milk rate were significantly affected by space allowance,while the feeding methods showed a significant influence on the bunting behavior of the calves.There was no significant difference among the 4 treatments in terms of licking fixtures,self-grooming,and lying down behaviors,irrespective of the feeding method or space allowance.However,sucking an empty bucket or the teat was significantly affected by the feeding method.Several selected group behaviors were examined in the present study,and similar values for sniffing the other calves,social grooming,and cross-sucking behaviors were observed.Overall,the present study demonstrated that different feeding methods and space allowances had a significant effect on the feeding behavior of calves,while the feed intake,growth performance,health condition,individual and group social behaviors were not significantly influenced.Furthermore,under intensified production systems,Holstein calves raised in a group may obtain a similar production performance,thus reducing management input and profitability compared with those kept individually.However,there may be competition during the feeding period.

Attractive Multistep Reproducing Kernel Approach for Solving Stiffness Differential Systems of Ordinary Differential Equations and Some Error Analysis

In this paper,an efficient multi-step scheme is presented based on reproducing kernel Hilbert space(RKHS)theory for solving ordinary stiff differential systems.The solution methodology depends on reproducing kernel functions to obtain analytic solutions in a uniform formfor a rapidly convergent series in the posed Sobolev space.Using the Gram-Schmidt orthogonality process,complete orthogonal essential functions are obtained in a compact field to encompass Fourier series expansion with the help of kernel properties reproduction.Consequently,by applying the standard RKHS method to each subinterval,approximate solutions that converge uniformly to the exact solutions are obtained.For this purpose,several numerical examples are tested to show proposed algorithm’s superiority,simplicity,and efficiency.The gained results indicate that themulti-step RKHSmethod is suitable for solving linear and nonlinear stiffness systems over an extensive duration and giving highly accurate outcomes.

Parametric approach to track following control of FFSM

A robust task space tracking scheme is proposed for the free-flying space manipulator system. The dynamic equations of the system are derived via the law of momentum conservation, and then a linear state space representation is formulated by local linearization. A parametric approach is applied by using the eigenstructure assignment theory and the model reference method. A feedback stabilizing controller and a feedforward compensation controller are built based on the approach. Then an optimization procedure is followed after that to obtain the desired requirement and characteristics. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Space Resources Planning and Design of Rail Transit Station in Chongqing

According to the study on 39 sites of rail transit Line 3 in Chongqing, the sites are classifi ed into three types: residential type, business center type, traffi c hub type in this paper. The study shows that the sites have many problems such as discordance of land use, severity of spatial segregation, low rate of site utilization. To solve these problems, development approaches of site space resources within 1,000 m around the site area are further explored. The approaches include four aspects: characteristics of land use, functional composite, walking guide and shuttle transportation. In addition, appropriate planning and design methods are proposed.

A NEW PROOF OF GAFFNEY’S INEQUALITY FOR DIFFERENTIAL FORMS ON MANIFOLDS-WITH-BOUNDARY:THE VARIATIONAL APPROACH à LA KOZONO-YANAGISAWA

Let(M,g_(0))be a compact Riemannian manifold-with-boundary.We present a new proof of the classical Gaffney inequality for differential forms in boundary value spaces over M,via a variational approach a la Kozono-Yanagisawa[Lr-variational inequality for vector fields and the Helmholtz-Weyl decomposition in bounded domains,Indiana Univ.Math.J.58(2009),1853-1920],combined with global computations based on the Bochner technique.

Applications of Non-Classical Equations and Their Approaches to the Solution of Some of Classes Equations Arise in the Kelvin-Helmholtz Mechanism and Instability

In the presented work, we consider applications of non-classical equations and their approaches to the solution of some classes of equations that arise in the Kelvin-Helmholtz Mechanism (KHM) and instability. In all areas where the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) problem is investigated with the corresponding data unchanged, the solution can be taken directly in a specific form (for example, to determine the horizontal structure of a perturbation in a barotropic rotational flow, which is a boundary condition taken, as well as other types of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability problems). In another example, the shear flow along the magnetic field in the Z direction, which is the width of the contact layer between fast and slow flows, has a velocity gradient along the X axis with wind shear. The most difficult problems arise when the above unmentioned equation has singularities simultaneously at points and in this case, our results also remain valid. In the case of linear wave analysis of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) at a tangential discontinuity (TD) of ideal magneto-hydro-dynamic (MHD) plasma, it can be attributed to the presented class, and in this case, as far as we know, solutions for eigen modes of instability KH in MHD plasma that satisfy suitable homogeneous boundary conditions. Based on the above mentioned area of application for degenerating ordinary differential equations in this work, the method of functional analysis in order to prove the generalized solution is used. The investigated equation covers a class of a number of difficult-to-solve problems, namely, generalized solutions are found for classes of problems that have analytical and mathematical descriptions. With the aid of lemmas and theorems, the existence and uniqueness of generalized solutions in the weight space are proved, and then general and particular exact solutions are found for the considered problems that are expressed analytically explicitly. Obtained our results may be used for all the difficult-to-solve processes of KHM and instabilities and instabilities, which cover widely studied areas like galaxies, Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in the atmospheres of planets, oceans, clouds and moons, for example, during the formation of the Earth or the Red Spot on Jupiter, as well as in the atmospheres of the Sun and other stars. In this paper, also, a fairly common class of equations and examples are indicated that can be used directly to enter data for the use of the studied suitable tasks.

A New Approach of Intelligent Data Retrieval Paradigm

What is a real time agent,how does it remedy ongoing daily frustrations for users,and how does it improve the retrieval performance in World Wide Web?These are the main question we focus on this manuscript.In many distributed information retrieval systems,information in agents should be ranked based on a combination of multiple criteria.Linear combination of ranks has been the dominant approach due to its simplicity and effectiveness.Such a combination scheme in distributed infrastructure requires that the ranks in resources or agents are comparable to each other before combined.The main challenge is transforming the raw rank values of different criteria appropriately to make them comparable before any combination.Different ways for ranking agents make this strategy difficult.In this research,we will demonstrate how to rank Web documents based on resource-provided information how to combine several resources raking schemas in one time.The proposed system was implemented specifically in data provided by agents to create a comparable combination for different attributes.The proposed approach was tested on the queries provided by Text Retrieval Conference(TREC).Experimental results showed that our approach is effective and robust compared with offline search platforms.

基于光学成像探测的仅测角高轨空间物体接近感知方法

提出一种仅利用任务航天器光学成像探测设备给出的测角信息进行高轨空间物体接近行为感知的方法。首先,分析了空间物体相对任务航天器的方位变化规律,得到物体接近时在任务航天器轨道坐标系下方位角正切值随时间波动幅值逐渐增大;其次,分析了在光学成像探测设备成像过程中,逆光与探测设备灵敏度对空间物体可见性的影响,得到物体可见弧段在每个轨道周期内具有一定的相似性;进一步地,根据物体相对方位及可见性的变化规律,设计了一种空间物体接近行为感知方法,利用物体观测量的轨道周期一致性进行多段观测量关联,拟合方位角正切值随时间波动趋势,预测波动极值并统计极值变化规律,实现物体接近行为感知;最后,仿真验证了该方法具备不依赖距离信息感知高轨空间物体相对任务航天器接近行为的能力,仅利用3个轨道周期内、每周期有效弧段大于30 min的高轨空间物体指向测量信息判断物体相对任务航天器存在接近行为的准确率优于96%。结果证明:该方法通过赋能任务航天器常用光学成像探测设备高效费比地实现航天器自我防护能力有效提升,可普遍用于高轨航天器任务。

大食物观下耕地用途管制的法制优化

耕地用途管制法制优化是在不改变耕地农用的基础上的耕地用途管制的法制优化,即耕地农作物转换种植管制的法制优化。梳理耕地用途管制的措施,探讨大食物观背景下耕地用途管制的法制优化方向及难点,重点阐述大食物观与既有耕地用途管制措施的耦合、既有耕地用途管制与大食物观的匹配度分析以及耕地用途管制优化的法治路径。结果表明:我国农产品需求结构发生变化已经成为不可逆转的趋势,而现有的耕地用途管制措施在一定程度上已经不能适应我国农产品需求结构的变化所带来的农产品供给结构的变化,因此需要对耕地用途管制进行法制优化,推动农产品供给侧结构性改革进一步深化发展,以改善耕地利用不平衡、不充分的现状,使耕地资源利用满足人们食物需求结构的变化。

The Primal Exploration of Space launch and Manned Lunar-landing

The lunar-landing is the continuity of manned spaceflight engineering. Comparing with the manned spacecraft engineering, it requires more reliability , larger scale, and more funds. On the basis of China’s achievements and the experiences of foreign countries, the paper brings forward the idea that using the existing transportation technology to send the launch vehicles and cosmonauts to the near-earth orbit in batches, assembling the components together on the space-launch platform, and then launching them to the moon to fulfill our dream of manned landing on the moon. The paper also discusses the space launch platform and the launching ways.

椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉内固定结合伤椎置钉方案对脊柱骨折患者伤椎恢复及疼痛的影响

目的探究椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉内固定结合伤椎置钉方案对脊柱骨折患者伤椎恢复及疼痛的影响。方法选取首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院2021年5月至2023年5月收治的50例脊柱骨折患者。采用抽签法将患者分为对照组和观察组,各25例。对照组采用棘突旁入路椎弓根螺钉内固定联合伤椎置钉治疗;观察组采用椎旁肌间隙入路椎弓根螺钉内固定结合伤椎置钉治疗。比较2组围手术期指标、疼痛度、椎体前缘高度改善状况、Cobb′s角、血清骨代谢指标水平、创伤因子水平。结果观察组术中出血量、手术时间、术后卧床时间、术后引流量、术后住院时间均少于/短于对照组,术后3 d疼痛视觉模拟量表评分低于对照组(均P<0.001)。术后3 d、3个月,观察组椎体前缘高度[(14.0±1.3)cm比(11.7±1.2)cm、(15.4±1.7)cm比(12.8±1.3)cm]、Ⅰ型前胶原氨基端前肽水平均高于对照组,Cobb′s角均小于对照组、Ⅰ型胶原羧基末端肽水平均低于对照组(均P<0.001)。术后3 d,观察组肌红蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酸激酶水平均低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论椎弓根螺钉内固定结合伤椎置钉方案中使用椎旁肌间隙入路临床疗效更佳,具有手术切口小、时间短和恢复快的特征,且有助于患者伤椎恢复,减少疼痛,促进骨愈合。

基于情境法的高校宿舍柜类家具收纳空间优化设计——以桂林理工大学为例

运用情境法对中国高校宿舍柜类家具收纳空间进行优化设计,为大学生解决常见宿舍收纳空间问题。采用实地调研法、无结构式访谈法,建立典型人物角色模型,以此模拟大学生在日常宿舍生活中遇到的收纳问题,借助情境分析解决大学生对宿舍柜类家具收纳空间的需求,并根据获得的需求进行设计实践。设计出满足当代大学生需求的宿舍柜类家具,在具备满足收纳空间大、功能分区明确等需求的同时兼备舒适性。运用情境法发现当代高校宿舍柜类家具使用痛点,进行系统性优化设计。在设计实践中将家具的使用空间进行最大化利用,深化功能分区,并结合人机工程学知识,设计出具备舒适性、功能性且有强大收纳空间的学生宿舍柜类家具。

信息化背景下的医院建筑空间转型与设计应对——基于流空间视角

在信息化背景下,针对医院数字与物质空间并存互构的特点,采用流空间理论视角,以信息流、人流和物流为要素,建立医院流空间的构成与转型分析框架,并阐释了其信息化转型机制:在社会经济效益的支配下,医院流要素发生数字迁移,产生数字投影空间,并引发功能网络转型,从而在流空间逻辑下改变空间节点分布状态,使医院空间呈现出“多义化节点空间”和“分布式形态结构”等典型形态,具有去中心、碎片化和不稳定特点。在此基础上,进一步从优化功能空间组织、调整空间面积配置和保留适当的灵活性3个方面探讨了建筑设计应对思路,指出“划分并组织局部中心”将成为新的重要问题,其关键在于合理决策空间节点的分解、分散与重组、重聚,可借助中心性等网络分析来应对。