MICROGRAVITY EXPERIMENTS OF TWO-PHASE FLOW PATTERNS ABOARD MIR SPACE STATION

A first experimental study on two-phase how patterns at a long-term, steady microgravity condition was conducted on board the Russian Space Station 'MIR' in August 1999. Carbogal and air are used as the liquid and the gas phase, respectively. Bubble, slug, slug-annular transitional, and annular hows are observed. A new region of annular how with lower liquid superficial velocity is discovered, and the region of the slug-annular transitional flow is wider than that observed by experiments on board the parabolic aircraft. The main patterns are bubble, slug-annular transitional and annular flows based on the experiments on board MIR space station. Some influences on the two-phase how patterns in the present experiments are discussed.

Advances in China Space Medical Experiment Research

In 2021,China Space Station(CSS)was assembled and constructed in-orbit,which provided a broad space platform for space medicine and space life sciences research.Space medicine focuses on the systematic risks that restrict long-term manned spaceflight.It carries out systematic research on the impact and countermeasure technology of long-term weightlessness on astronauts’health,space radiation on astronauts’health,behavior and ability,advanced on-orbit monitoring and medical disposal technology,and traditional space medical application technology by the space medicine experiment platform on human body and cell.It has accumulated valuable data on space environmental effects and human factors research,established a“human system risk”research system,obtained new knowledge and discoveries of space medicine,and explored countermeasure technologies of new characteristics.Moreover,a series of achievements have been made in the basic research on the mechanism of the special space environmental effect,which provides a solid foundation for the implementation of space missions.

SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite for Space Microgravity Experiments

SJ-10 is a recoverable scientific experiment satellite specially for the space experiments of microgravity physics science and space life science.This mission was officially started on 31 December 2012,and the satellite was launched on 6 April 2016.This paper introduces briefly the SJ-10 mission,the progress of SJ-10 engineering and the project constitution of sciences experiments onboard SJ-10.The purpose of this mission is to discover the law of matter movement and the rule of life activity that cannot be discovered on the ground due to the existence of gravity,and to know the acting mechanism on organisms by the complex radiation of space that cannot be simulated on the ground.

China's Space Animal Experiments Obtained Achievements

Entering into the 1990s, Chinese scientists have made mice, drosophila and silkworm eggs experiments in space with satellites and achieved remarkable results. These animals were put in space environment units with the ability of adjusting pressure, temperature and moisture control, air conditioning and purifying as well as foods and water supply. After 8-days’ flight, all performance parameters were normal and met the design requirements. The two mice kept alive for 5 days and 10 hours

基于CiteSpace的半夏泻心汤实验研究知识图谱分析

目的:应用CiteSpace软件分析半夏泻心汤实验方面的研究情况,探索和发现半夏泻心汤在实验研究方面的热点。方法:检索中国知网中已发表的关于半夏泻心汤实验研究方面的文献,运用科学计量学工具CiteSpaceⅤ绘制半夏泻心汤实验研究知识图谱,并进行文献关键词共现分析和聚类分析。结果:关键词共现聚类网络由133个节点,242条线组成,被分成15个聚类。研究热点是对半夏泻心汤治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫机制的研究、半夏泻心汤对胃肠运动影响的研究。结论:通过知识图谱分析了解半夏泻心汤实验研究方面的研究热点和发展趋势,为今后的实验研究和临床应用提供依据,从而更好地提高半夏泻心汤的临床应用价值。

Progress of Materials Science in Space Technology in China(2020-2022)

In this paper,the main research work and related reports of materials science research in China’s space technology field during 2020-2022 are summarized.This paper covers Materials Sciences in Space Environment,Materials Sciences for Space Environment,Materials Behavior in Space Environment and Space experimental hardware for material investigation.With the rapid development of China’s space industry,more scientists will be involved in materials science,space technology and earth science researches.In the future,a series of disciplines such as space science,machinery,artificial intelligence,digital twin and big data will be further integrated with materials science,and space materials will also usher in new development opportunities.

Space radiation and cardiovascular disease risk

Future long-distance space missions will be associated with significant exposures to ionizing radiation,and the health risks of these radiation exposures during manned missions need to be assessed. Recent Earth-based epidemiological studies in survivors of atomic bombs and after occupational and medical low dose radiation exposures have indicated that the cardiovascular system may be more sensitive to ionizing radiation than was previously thought. This has raised the concern of a cardiovascular disease risk from exposure to space radiation during long-distance space travel. Groundbased studies with animal and cell culture models play an important role in estimating health risks from space radiation exposure. Charged particle space radiation has dense ionization characteristics and may induce unique biological responses,appropriate simulation of the space radiation environment and careful consideration of the choice of the experimental model are critical. Recent studies have addressed cardiovascular effects of space radiation using such models and provided first results that aid in estimating cardiovascular disease risk,and several other studies are ongoing. Moreover,astronauts could potentially be administered pharmacological countermeasures against adverse effects of space radiation,and research is focused on the development of such compounds. Because the cardiovascular response to space radiation has not yet been clearly defined,the identification of potential pharmacological countermeasures against cardiovascular effects is still in its infancy.

Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Effect of Axial Spacing on Hydrodynamic Performance of the Hybrid CRP Pod Propulsion System

The hydrodynamic performance of a hybrid CRP pod propulsion system was studied by RANS method with SST k ？？ turbulence model and sliding mesh. The effect of axial spacing on the hydrodynamic performance of the hybrid CRP pod propulsion system was investigated numerically and experimentally. It shows that RANS with the sliding mesh method and SST k -ω turbulence model predicts accurately the hydrodynamic performance of the hybrid CRP pod propulsion system. The axial spacing has little influence on the hydrodynamic performance of the forward propeller, but great influence on that of the pod unit. Thrust coefficient of the pod unit declines with the increase of the axial spacing, but the trend becomes weaker, and the decreasing amplitude at the lower advance coefficient is larger than that at the higher advance coefficient. The thrust coefficient and open water efficiency of the hybrid CRP pod propulsion system decrease with the increase of the axial spacing, while the torque coefficient keeps almost constant. On this basis, the design principle of axial spacing of the hybrid CRP pod propulsion system was proposed.

Design of Cultural Experience Space From the Perspective of Ecological Aesthetics:A Case Study of Aixi Lake Beauty·Library

Ecological aesthetics is the organic combination of ecology and aesthetics.It is the mainstream and basic form of aesthetics to integrate the ecological concepts of balance,system and entirety into the study of aesthetics.Cultural experience space is a new reading space with the characteristics of public cultural services.In this paper,Aixi Lake Beauty·Library is taken as research object,to analyze its design connotation and public effect from the perspective of ecological aesthetics.The research aims to explore a feasible way for the construction of urban cultural experience space.

Reflections on the Experience of Network Virtual Space FromPhenomenology of Technics

People create network virtual space that is completely different from the real space through network information technologies.The characteristics of network virtual space are that the subject can obtain a similar real space experience.From the perspective of phenomenology of technics,in order to analyze the virtual space of the network,it is necessary to clear the phenomenological concepts,such as space,space experience,and virtual space experience,so as to know the type of network virtual space experience,explore the essential characteristics,and find solutions to the ethical conflicts in the virtual space experience of the network.

The Experimental Satellite on Electromagnetism Monitoring

The Experimental Satellite on Electromagnetism Monitoring(ESEM) was proposed in 2003 and proved in 2013 after 10-years' scientific demonstration. The ESEM mission was proposed to be the first satellite of space-based geophysical fields observation system in China with a lot of application prospects in earthquake science, geophysics, space sciences and so on. And coincide with the mission objectives, the satellite decides to use the Circular Sun Synchronous Orbit with an altitude of 507 km and descending node time at 14:00 LT. The payload assemble includes 8 instruments,Search-Coil Magnetometer, Electric Field Detector, High precision Magnetometer, GNSS occupation Receiver, Plasma Analyzer, Langmuir Probe, Energetic Particle Detector, and Three-frequency Transmitter. According to the planned schedule, the satellite is due to be launched in 2016–2017 and will be onboard operated for 5 years.

白云岩的成因、储集空间及实验技术研究新进展

全球广布的白云岩中蕴含着丰富的油气资源,但是白云岩的成因机理和储集空间保持机制还存在诸多疑问。分析研究了近年来白云岩的成因机理、储集空间控制因素与新型实验技术等方面研究取得的重大进展。(1)通过溶解-再沉淀方法成功合成出低温有序白云石,白云岩的形成受热力学和动力学屏障共同制约。(2)研究建立、拓展和完善了多种白云石化模型。新建了有机物(微生物)诱导模型,完善了无机物催化模型,修订了混合水白云石化模型,拓展了蒸发泵和渗透回流白云石化模型,细化了埋藏白云石化类型。(3)原始沉积环境和后期成岩改造对白云岩储层演化具有重要控制作用。适度的白云石化作用及次生溶蚀作用增加白云岩储层的孔隙空间,过度的胶结作用、大量热液矿物沉淀及轻-中度重结晶作用减少白云岩储层的孔隙空间。(4)发展了微区元素分析、Mg-Ca同位素、激光原位U-Pb同位素、团簇同位素、激光共聚焦-CT扫描成像解析及核磁共振-频谱激发极化实验新技术。研发了白云岩储层正演模拟技术、多尺度定量表征白云岩孔隙的三维结构和流动性技术,为白云石成因机理、储集空间研究提供重要的技术支持。

油雾爆燃机理实验平台的搭建与教学实验设计

为了探究受限空间内油雾爆燃事故机理及事故后果,设计了可视化的油雾爆燃机理测试实验平台。通过“实验平台功能需求分析-平台设计与开发-实验设计与实施-数据采集-结果分析”全过程,实现实验平台开发与各种船舶舱室、石油炼化生产过程及其他工业生产中油雾爆燃事故模拟实验。通过爆燃火焰传播规律、舱室内温度场、压力场的测试与分析,揭示了油雾爆燃发展规律。爆燃峰值压力可达0.9 MPa。爆燃温度较高,舱内峰值温度达到988℃,油雾爆燃破坏性较强。该实验增强了教学过程的直观性、交互性和多感知性,提高了学生的安全意识和解决复杂工程问题的探究能力,培养了学生的实践创新能力,提升了实践教学的质量。

狭长受限空间火灾蔓延及烟气特性实验

狭长受限空间的火羽流及烟气层行为与常规建筑存在显著差异,其火源燃烧行为和烟气蔓延特性在热安全工程领域具有重要科学意义。开展研究性实验教学是实现消防工程专业培养目标的重要手段,为了提升实际教学效果,建立了融合“虚拟-实体、科研-教学、理论-实验”三位一体的实验教学方案。采用中尺寸实验平台进行火灾实验,按照实验设计、系统搭建、实验操作、教学结果来整体安排实体实验;通过Pyro Sim建立虚拟仿真场景、采用FDS进行模拟计算、通过场模拟图记录实验教学结果,使学生感知火灾发生发展的动态过程。通过实验展现了抽象理论知识的立体形态,有效地培养了学生的创新实践能力。

碳类粒子对固体推进剂束流发散角度影响的实验研究

以石墨烯和碳粉两种碳类粒子作为掺杂剂定向改性固体推进剂,借助高速摄影技术和自搭建的束流发散角度测量系统,对比并分析不同掺杂比例和工作条件对改性推进剂束流发散角度的影响,确定了掺杂粒子的最优掺杂比例和工作条件。结果表明,石墨烯和碳粉的最优掺杂比例均为7%,且石墨烯的束流发散角度更小,生成稳定等离子体流的响应时间更短。同时,石墨烯更适配于小激光能量供给下的工作条件,而碳粉更适配于大激光能量供给下的工作条件。

用于批产卫星的稀疏红外灯阵空间热流模拟方法

针对批产卫星的空间外热流模拟,文章提出稀疏红外灯阵模拟方法。首先根据13169X/98型红外灯管的物理特性以及热流模拟需求进行数值分析,获得其平面热流分布规律;然后在真空设备中对数值计算的准确性进行试验验证,并总结红外灯管热流分布特性;通过对比不同控温方式,寻求匹配红外灯阵输出特性的最佳控制方法,使控温区域内的热流<3 W/m2;最后,以热流不均匀性引起卫星表面舱板温度梯度<3℃为约束条件,优化设计稀疏红外灯阵的数量与布局。结果表明:在灯管覆盖系数<5%的情况下,能实现热流模拟的偏差<3%,证明可以用较少的灯管实现外热流的较均匀模拟。

TDI-CMOS焦面组件传热路径优化设计

为解决TDI-CMOS传感器在轨温漂问题,利用相变储能装置对焦面组件传热路径进行优化设计,以更好的控制传感器芯片在轨成像期间的温升,进一步提高空间相机成像品质。首先根据轨道热流环境及焦面组件工作特性确定仿真及试验边界条件;接着利用现有焦面组件结构进行建模仿真分析并开展热试验,得到优化前各部分温度结果;再根据现有结构进行热控优化设计,研究不同的传热路径对CMOS传感器温度的提升效果,确定出辅以相变储能装置的焦面组件热设计方案;最后开展焦面组件热光学试验,验证设计方案的正确性。试验结果表明,采用针脚散热方案与侧面散热相组合的强化传热方式能够满足CMOS传感器在工作期间5℃以内温升要求,且DN值变化小于0.2%,优化方案有效提高了成像品质。

微型射频离子推力器自中和引出特性研究

本文基于自行研制的微型射频离子推力器BHRIT-4,针对其自中和引出束流形貌特性、外电路特性和束流离子能量特性开展了研究工作。研究结果表明,推力器在自中和引出模式下,自中和引出束流区亮度高,存在强烈电子激发反应,羽流区平均悬浮电势维持在1.19 V;射频自偏压与引出功率不呈正相关关系,存在最佳引出功率值以实现最大射频自偏压,最大射频自偏压超过300 V;自中和引出束流的离子能量分布函数不服从高斯分布且展宽较大,部分工况下存在双峰信号。

气井A环空压力恢复与泄压实验

国内外多个气田生产气井出现了不同程度的环空带压现象,尤以A环空最为严重,严重影响气井正常生产。针对气井A环空带压开展了压力恢复与泄压实验测试,分析了采气过程中不同初始气窜流量和气顶体积对稳定后的环空压力值及环空压力恢复时间的影响规律。研究结果表明,稳定后的环空压力值随气顶体积增加而增大,且环空压力恢复时间也随之增长;而初始气窜流量对稳定后的环空压力值影响甚微,但气窜流量的增加会减小环空压力恢复时间;泄压时长与泄压前的气体总量和环空压力有关,气体总量越大或环空压力越小,泄压时长越长。基于量纲分析理论,利用数学优化软件1stOpt(First Optimization)拟合了环空压力恢复时间与初始气窜流量、气顶高度、油管外径、液体密度等参数的经验公式,为实际气井A环空带压管理与控制提供参考。

虚拟仿真技术在空间科学实验教学中的应用

信息技术尤其是虚拟仿真技术的迅猛发展对传统的空间科学的实验教学产生了巨大的影响。空间科学实验教学中的许多教学内容是"不可及"的,虚拟仿真技术可以构建逼真的教学环境,虚实有机结合,为教师提供全新的教学模式。首先论述了虚拟仿真技术在空间科学实验教学中应用的必要性,接下来论述了空间科学虚拟仿真实验教学的建设内容,最后以空间科学虚拟仿真教学实例为例对进行了讲解。对空间科学实验教学改革具有一定的指导和借鉴意义。